1 00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,700 rated R Our move into that realm , but 2 00:00:02,700 --> 00:00:05,033 I wanna I want to caution that , really , 3 00:00:05,033 --> 00:00:07,144 it's not about a hyper Sonics brace . 4 00:00:07,144 --> 00:00:08,811 You know we aren't developing 5 00:00:08,811 --> 00:00:11,750 hypersonic strike systems . Thio to go 6 00:00:11,750 --> 00:00:13,750 against adversary Hypersonic strike 7 00:00:13,750 --> 00:00:15,694 systems were developing hypersonic 8 00:00:15,694 --> 00:00:17,750 strike systems because of the unique 9 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:20,083 warfighting attributes of range , speed , 10 00:00:20,083 --> 00:00:21,861 maneuverability and therefore , 11 00:00:21,861 --> 00:00:23,806 survivability as you mentioned and 12 00:00:23,806 --> 00:00:25,917 lethal ity . So those four attributes 13 00:00:25,917 --> 00:00:27,972 really provide transformation of war 14 00:00:27,972 --> 00:00:29,861 fighting capability that allow us 15 00:00:29,861 --> 00:00:31,694 really to address a broad set of 16 00:00:31,694 --> 00:00:33,850 threats in the aggressive A to a D 17 00:00:33,850 --> 00:00:35,961 environment that that is being , um , 18 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,110 developed and fielded by the great 19 00:00:39,110 --> 00:00:41,750 power competitors of Russia and China . 20 00:00:42,140 --> 00:00:44,850 Uh , currently So our suite of weapons 21 00:00:44,850 --> 00:00:46,850 system is really defined not in 22 00:00:46,850 --> 00:00:49,150 comparison with other others weapons 23 00:00:49,150 --> 00:00:51,317 system development , but in comparison 24 00:00:51,317 --> 00:00:53,372 with what mission , capabilities and 25 00:00:53,372 --> 00:00:55,372 targets that's we need to defeat to 26 00:00:55,372 --> 00:00:57,150 ensure that we have battlefield 27 00:00:57,150 --> 00:00:59,317 dominance for decades to come . Well , 28 00:00:59,317 --> 00:01:01,483 I want to turn to George on this , But 29 00:01:01,483 --> 00:01:03,650 first , when you talk about the unique 30 00:01:03,650 --> 00:01:05,594 set of , uh , different targets of 31 00:01:05,594 --> 00:01:07,817 objectives that the US has it different 32 00:01:07,817 --> 00:01:09,650 from Russia and China little bit 33 00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:11,872 because they , as I understand it , are 34 00:01:11,872 --> 00:01:13,706 building hyper Sonics capable of 35 00:01:13,706 --> 00:01:15,706 carrying a nuclear payload . And so 36 00:01:15,706 --> 00:01:17,761 there's not as much precision that's 37 00:01:17,761 --> 00:01:19,650 required in terms of what they're 38 00:01:19,650 --> 00:01:21,970 developing . Because the nuclear bomb , 39 00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:23,980 you know , you can hit a very broad 40 00:01:23,980 --> 00:01:26,202 target and still have an impact . Three 41 00:01:26,202 --> 00:01:28,202 us has given itself somewhat harder 42 00:01:28,202 --> 00:01:30,320 challenge of developing hyper sonics 43 00:01:30,320 --> 00:01:33,530 that can hit a strategically , uh , 44 00:01:33,540 --> 00:01:36,720 precise target . A target that is a 45 00:01:36,730 --> 00:01:38,841 precision targets . So can you talk a 46 00:01:38,841 --> 00:01:40,563 little bit about how the U . S 47 00:01:40,563 --> 00:01:42,580 challenge of creating a precision 48 00:01:42,580 --> 00:01:44,691 system is a little bit different from 49 00:01:44,691 --> 00:01:46,802 creating one that can carry a nuclear 50 00:01:46,802 --> 00:01:48,913 weapon ? And this does not need to be 51 00:01:48,913 --> 00:01:50,969 is precise . Yeah . I mean , I think 52 00:01:50,969 --> 00:01:52,913 you characterize the difference in 53 00:01:52,913 --> 00:01:55,080 guidance requirements depending on the 54 00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:57,191 size of the warhead . And certainly a 55 00:01:57,191 --> 00:01:59,247 nuclear warhead is on the on the far 56 00:01:59,247 --> 00:02:01,469 right extreme of size of warhead . Um , 57 00:02:01,469 --> 00:02:03,830 you know , the Chinese and Russians are 58 00:02:03,830 --> 00:02:05,886 have stated that they are developing 59 00:02:05,886 --> 00:02:08,108 both conventional and nuclear systems , 60 00:02:08,108 --> 00:02:10,219 so they're working both sides of that 61 00:02:10,219 --> 00:02:11,830 equation . We are focused on 62 00:02:11,830 --> 00:02:14,560 conventional systems in our portfolio 63 00:02:14,570 --> 00:02:17,870 on regional systems . And so there is a 64 00:02:17,870 --> 00:02:19,981 challenge associate with guidance and 65 00:02:19,981 --> 00:02:22,203 control and getting to a target set And 66 00:02:22,203 --> 00:02:24,990 that challenge is really how well we 67 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:27,046 can strike a given target . And it's 68 00:02:27,046 --> 00:02:29,323 not just about guidance of the missile . 69 00:02:29,323 --> 00:02:31,323 It's about the whole kill chain and 70 00:02:31,323 --> 00:02:33,490 fire control . It necessary to be able 71 00:02:33,490 --> 00:02:35,601 to know where that target is and then 72 00:02:35,601 --> 00:02:37,434 precisely located . So there are 73 00:02:37,434 --> 00:02:39,379 significant challenges . But we're 74 00:02:39,379 --> 00:02:41,379 working those challenges across the 75 00:02:41,379 --> 00:02:43,490 entirety of the kill chain as well as 76 00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:45,657 within the weapons system components . 77 00:02:45,657 --> 00:02:47,879 Okay , So , George , give us a sense of 78 00:02:47,879 --> 00:02:49,690 how this competition looks 79 00:02:49,700 --> 00:02:52,310 internationally between the United 80 00:02:52,310 --> 00:02:54,477 States , Russia and China and also the 81 00:02:54,477 --> 00:02:56,810 other players in the hyper sonics field . 82 00:02:56,810 --> 00:02:58,699 What are they contributing to the 83 00:02:58,699 --> 00:03:00,810 current state of the art ? As you see 84 00:03:00,810 --> 00:03:02,760 it , I think Mike answered all the 85 00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:04,982 questions that you had pretty well . So 86 00:03:04,982 --> 00:03:07,149 I don't know that . Can I have much to 87 00:03:07,149 --> 00:03:09,260 add to China and Russia ? Andi , also 88 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:09,150 in the U . S . I mean , he 89 00:03:09,150 --> 00:03:12,250 characterized our needs , etcetera . Uh , 90 00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:14,530 excellent . So what I can do is maybe 91 00:03:14,530 --> 00:03:16,697 talk a little bit about more about the 92 00:03:16,697 --> 00:03:18,919 rest of the world . And there are there 93 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:20,808 is a lot of you . No indication . 94 00:03:20,808 --> 00:03:22,641 Indications are that , uh , many 95 00:03:22,641 --> 00:03:24,363 nations are very interested in 96 00:03:24,363 --> 00:03:26,363 hypersonic weapons for some obvious 97 00:03:26,363 --> 00:03:28,697 reasons on Mike summarize some of these , 98 00:03:28,697 --> 00:03:30,919 you know , they wanna have . They wanna 99 00:03:30,919 --> 00:03:32,919 be on part with some of some of our 100 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,086 capabilities Russia , China and the US 101 00:03:35,086 --> 00:03:37,640 Their bit behind , uh , is what it 102 00:03:37,640 --> 00:03:39,307 seems like , but there's also 103 00:03:39,307 --> 00:03:41,529 international cooperation , and some of 104 00:03:41,529 --> 00:03:43,640 these nations are making progress . I 105 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:45,473 mean , we've heard we hear about 106 00:03:45,473 --> 00:03:47,640 through the news about some progress , 107 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:49,696 you know , in Japan and there's Mike 108 00:03:49,696 --> 00:03:52,029 mentioned . Also Australia's working on . 109 00:03:52,029 --> 00:03:54,251 He has been working on it , and there's 110 00:03:54,251 --> 00:03:56,307 been some claims that they have some 111 00:03:56,307 --> 00:03:58,418 system . There are near , uh , nearly 112 00:03:58,418 --> 00:04:00,418 complete have been cooperating with 113 00:04:00,418 --> 00:04:02,680 Russia . Eso there is there is 114 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:05,880 interested in national world . And you 115 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:08,047 know one thing that we wanted to do we 116 00:04:08,047 --> 00:04:09,991 were trying to see , you know , we 117 00:04:09,991 --> 00:04:12,102 wanted Thio come up with some ways to 118 00:04:12,102 --> 00:04:14,158 make sure that these weapons are not 119 00:04:14,158 --> 00:04:16,269 proliferate beyond , you know . First 120 00:04:16,269 --> 00:04:15,870 of all , are , you know , the three 121 00:04:15,870 --> 00:04:18,037 major nations that might mentioned you 122 00:04:18,037 --> 00:04:20,259 know , the U S . Russia and China , you 123 00:04:20,259 --> 00:04:22,314 know , and then France and India . I 124 00:04:22,314 --> 00:04:24,426 mean , they're they're doing a lot of 125 00:04:24,426 --> 00:04:24,050 organic , you know , have organic 126 00:04:24,050 --> 00:04:26,272 capabilities to be able to develop some 127 00:04:26,272 --> 00:04:27,939 of these capabilities and and 128 00:04:27,939 --> 00:04:30,272 potentially integrated system . However , 129 00:04:30,272 --> 00:04:32,383 the rest of the rest of you know it's 130 00:04:32,383 --> 00:04:34,550 very expensive , very difficult , very 131 00:04:34,550 --> 00:04:36,717 challenging to develop these systems . 132 00:04:36,717 --> 00:04:38,772 So we see some opportunities where , 133 00:04:38,772 --> 00:04:40,828 you know , controlling some critical 134 00:04:40,828 --> 00:04:42,994 technologies might be able to at least 135 00:04:42,994 --> 00:04:45,217 slow down the development of these , at 136 00:04:45,217 --> 00:04:47,383 least the acquisition of these weapons 137 00:04:47,383 --> 00:04:49,494 systems by other nations . There is a 138 00:04:49,494 --> 00:04:51,828 big issue with , as I mentioned earlier , 139 00:04:51,828 --> 00:04:53,717 dual use . You know , some of the 140 00:04:53,717 --> 00:04:55,939 nation's are suggesting that they wanna 141 00:04:55,939 --> 00:04:57,994 use hyper science for commercial and 142 00:04:57,994 --> 00:04:57,970 Mike Touchdown . It's a little bit , 143 00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:00,091 but that's , you know , in our view , 144 00:05:00,091 --> 00:05:02,147 that's gonna be it's gonna be a long 145 00:05:02,147 --> 00:05:04,091 term thing . I mean , we don't see 146 00:05:04,091 --> 00:05:06,369 based on history , at least , you know ? 147 00:05:06,369 --> 00:05:05,900 I mean , we could go back and look at 148 00:05:05,910 --> 00:05:07,743 what are , you know , commercial 149 00:05:07,743 --> 00:05:10,070 transports . The Concorde was a great 150 00:05:10,070 --> 00:05:12,590 plane , but it didn't last very long . 151 00:05:12,590 --> 00:05:14,646 It was very expensive . The business 152 00:05:14,646 --> 00:05:16,757 case wasn't quite there . Initially , 153 00:05:16,757 --> 00:05:18,979 that may have made some they might have 154 00:05:18,979 --> 00:05:21,090 made some money later on . So imagine 155 00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:23,257 taking this and put it on hypersonic . 156 00:05:23,257 --> 00:05:25,368 It's gonna be , you know , it's gonna 157 00:05:25,368 --> 00:05:27,479 be many , many , many years before we 158 00:05:27,479 --> 00:05:27,360 see at least commercial , uh , 159 00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:31,420 airliner's eso eso . From 160 00:05:31,420 --> 00:05:33,531 that point of view , we you know , we 161 00:05:33,531 --> 00:05:35,364 see there's a lot of interesting 162 00:05:35,364 --> 00:05:37,531 international community , but a lot of 163 00:05:37,531 --> 00:05:37,050 challenges also . So hopefully we'll be 164 00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:39,383 able to control some of the preparation . 165 00:05:39,383 --> 00:05:41,717 Okay , George makes a really good point , 166 00:05:41,717 --> 00:05:43,828 Patrick and I just I'll just add that 167 00:05:43,828 --> 00:05:45,550 the airliner problems a pretty 168 00:05:45,550 --> 00:05:47,772 difficult problem . It's a pretty harsh 169 00:05:47,772 --> 00:05:49,772 environment . Getting people toe be 170 00:05:49,772 --> 00:05:51,883 protected and reliably protected from 171 00:05:51,883 --> 00:05:53,994 from a commercial airline perspective 172 00:05:53,994 --> 00:05:56,328 is , is , I think many , many years and , 173 00:05:56,328 --> 00:05:58,328 you know , several decades down the 174 00:05:58,328 --> 00:06:00,494 road . Um , I think the more near term 175 00:06:00,494 --> 00:06:02,661 commercial application is looking at a 176 00:06:02,661 --> 00:06:04,717 system that gives you advantages for 177 00:06:04,717 --> 00:06:06,560 low cost access to space . Andi 178 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:08,727 commercial realm . So when we start to 179 00:06:08,727 --> 00:06:10,838 talk about these large constellations 180 00:06:10,838 --> 00:06:13,004 of satellites , if we can come up with 181 00:06:13,004 --> 00:06:15,480 a a two stage or even back in the next 182 00:06:15,480 --> 00:06:17,480 30 days , we were looking at single 183 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:19,258 stage to orbit capability for a 184 00:06:19,258 --> 00:06:21,780 reusable access to space . Um , 185 00:06:21,790 --> 00:06:23,846 capability . I think that's probably 186 00:06:23,846 --> 00:06:26,670 the nearer term commercial application 187 00:06:27,840 --> 00:06:30,630 eso on the commercial applications and 188 00:06:30,630 --> 00:06:32,797 there are some commercial players that 189 00:06:32,797 --> 00:06:34,797 have talked about their interest in 190 00:06:34,797 --> 00:06:36,908 this field . Space six is one already 191 00:06:36,908 --> 00:06:38,741 taking over more and more of the 192 00:06:38,741 --> 00:06:41,350 private space market and the market for 193 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:43,471 launching things into space on behalf 194 00:06:43,471 --> 00:06:46,250 of the U . S . Military aunt also now , 195 00:06:46,260 --> 00:06:48,371 uh , taking human beings into space . 196 00:06:48,371 --> 00:06:50,593 The first private space company to take 197 00:06:50,593 --> 00:06:52,593 human beings in the space . They've 198 00:06:52,593 --> 00:06:54,704 outlined hyper sonics , both travel . 199 00:06:54,704 --> 00:06:54,620 And of course , for space access is 200 00:06:54,620 --> 00:06:56,970 goals one being much more proximate to 201 00:06:56,970 --> 00:07:00,820 them . But one of the keys to I 202 00:07:00,820 --> 00:07:03,820 think making a business case for 203 00:07:03,830 --> 00:07:05,941 hypersonic for space is this question 204 00:07:05,941 --> 00:07:08,930 of reusability right on on this . This 205 00:07:08,930 --> 00:07:12,090 idea of a hypersonic vehicle that 206 00:07:12,090 --> 00:07:14,312 doesn't just become worthless after the 207 00:07:14,312 --> 00:07:16,534 first time it's used as a missile would 208 00:07:16,534 --> 00:07:19,270 but can be , uh , used over and over 209 00:07:19,270 --> 00:07:22,110 again . Mawr like a conventional craft . 210 00:07:22,330 --> 00:07:24,490 Where are we right now ? I understand 211 00:07:24,490 --> 00:07:26,490 that the the Pentagon has conducted 212 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:29,680 something of a study on the usability 213 00:07:29,860 --> 00:07:32,960 in hyper sonics . Eso What's the 214 00:07:33,340 --> 00:07:35,229 thinking there right now from the 215 00:07:35,229 --> 00:07:37,340 Pentagon ? And what is the strategy ? 216 00:07:38,140 --> 00:07:40,307 Well , from a reasonable perspective , 217 00:07:40,307 --> 00:07:42,390 we are obviously in the near term 218 00:07:42,390 --> 00:07:44,210 looking at the application of 219 00:07:44,210 --> 00:07:46,210 hypersonic technologies to reusable 220 00:07:46,210 --> 00:07:48,720 systems for military missions . Woman . 221 00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:50,630 So we are doing some studies and 222 00:07:50,630 --> 00:07:54,300 looking at various technologies . Thio 223 00:07:54,310 --> 00:07:56,760 evaluate and then develop the necessary 224 00:07:56,760 --> 00:07:59,320 enablers to to have reusable hypersonic 225 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:01,320 systems . E mean the key enablers . 226 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:03,376 Some of them are very similar to the 227 00:08:03,376 --> 00:08:05,153 weapons , like high temperature 228 00:08:05,153 --> 00:08:07,376 materials and thermal management . Some 229 00:08:07,376 --> 00:08:09,598 some you take a different approach like 230 00:08:09,598 --> 00:08:11,820 propulsion . There's a tendency to want 231 00:08:11,820 --> 00:08:13,764 to use turban based combined cycle 232 00:08:13,764 --> 00:08:16,080 propulsion system as opposed to , um , 233 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,080 rocket based boost glide systems or 234 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:21,020 scramjet . Pure scramjet . Um , rocket 235 00:08:21,020 --> 00:08:22,798 boosted scramjet powered cruise 236 00:08:22,798 --> 00:08:24,964 missiles . You want more of a reusable 237 00:08:24,964 --> 00:08:27,131 propulsion systems , so you go to more 238 00:08:27,131 --> 00:08:29,020 the Children based combined cycle 239 00:08:29,020 --> 00:08:30,909 system . So we are looking at the 240 00:08:30,909 --> 00:08:33,570 enabler technology set as well as 241 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:35,529 potential future applications and 242 00:08:35,529 --> 00:08:37,990 configuration designs . So you started 243 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:40,157 these studies . When did you start the 244 00:08:40,157 --> 00:08:42,268 studies looking at reusability ? Oh , 245 00:08:42,268 --> 00:08:44,379 they you know , they've been going on 246 00:08:44,379 --> 00:08:46,546 off and on for a number of years . And 247 00:08:46,546 --> 00:08:48,323 so , you know , you know , as I 248 00:08:48,323 --> 00:08:51,050 mentioned even today , the reusable 249 00:08:51,050 --> 00:08:52,772 system is Maurin the phase one 250 00:08:52,772 --> 00:08:56,440 technology development and 251 00:08:56,450 --> 00:08:59,900 maturation stage of of the of a four 252 00:08:59,900 --> 00:09:02,190 phase strategy . So , um , you know , 253 00:09:02,190 --> 00:09:04,023 we've been we've been looking at 254 00:09:04,023 --> 00:09:06,246 reusable hypersonic systems for quite a 255 00:09:06,246 --> 00:09:08,412 long time and again . In fact , if you 256 00:09:08,412 --> 00:09:10,190 look back into the eighties and 257 00:09:10,190 --> 00:09:12,600 nineties , the whole nation had whole 258 00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:15,580 hypersonic nation was focused on the X 259 00:09:15,580 --> 00:09:17,636 30 and the national airspace playing 260 00:09:17,636 --> 00:09:19,858 program . Do you have a reusable single 261 00:09:19,858 --> 00:09:23,060 stage to orbit capability for the for 262 00:09:23,060 --> 00:09:25,290 the X 30 program ? So we've been 263 00:09:25,290 --> 00:09:27,568 working it for quite a number of years , 264 00:09:27,568 --> 00:09:30,480 okay ? And in terms of you sort of 265 00:09:30,490 --> 00:09:32,490 touched on a couple of them . But I 266 00:09:32,490 --> 00:09:34,601 want to elaborate a little bit on the 267 00:09:34,601 --> 00:09:36,823 emerging technologies that are going to 268 00:09:36,823 --> 00:09:39,060 enable reusability you will need for 269 00:09:39,070 --> 00:09:41,126 coatings , you breakthroughs , and I 270 00:09:41,126 --> 00:09:44,680 guess chemistry and different ways to 271 00:09:44,680 --> 00:09:46,458 approach the development of new 272 00:09:46,458 --> 00:09:49,310 materials . I imagine three D modeling 273 00:09:49,310 --> 00:09:51,370 and possibly artificial intelligence 274 00:09:51,370 --> 00:09:54,490 can tell us a little bit about the new 275 00:09:54,490 --> 00:09:56,434 and emerging technologies that are 276 00:09:56,434 --> 00:09:58,601 creating new realities for reusability 277 00:09:58,601 --> 00:10:01,730 right now . Also , turn that towards 278 00:10:01,730 --> 00:10:02,970 you want to start or 279 00:10:06,140 --> 00:10:08,362 so Yeah , I could say a couple of words 280 00:10:08,362 --> 00:10:10,584 here , but , Mike , you probably have a 281 00:10:10,584 --> 00:10:12,529 lot more insight into this s o . I 282 00:10:12,529 --> 00:10:14,696 think you you hit on it , Patrick . In 283 00:10:14,696 --> 00:10:14,360 terms of the materials , materials 284 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:16,527 obviously is one of the major has been 285 00:10:16,527 --> 00:10:18,638 one of the major barriers in terms of 286 00:10:18,638 --> 00:10:20,360 usability . And as we know the 287 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:22,471 challenges we've had in the past . If 288 00:10:22,471 --> 00:10:24,360 you think about the space shuttle 289 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:26,693 etcetera , it's always been a challenge , 290 00:10:26,693 --> 00:10:28,693 especially once you you go beyond a 291 00:10:28,693 --> 00:10:28,660 certain threshold and mark number . 292 00:10:28,660 --> 00:10:30,882 When you start reaching the higher mark 293 00:10:30,882 --> 00:10:33,430 numbers , you know , higher hypersonic 294 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:36,020 region s . Oh , that's one thing in 295 00:10:36,020 --> 00:10:38,830 terms off might mention my Pakistan . 296 00:10:38,830 --> 00:10:41,010 It also in terms of how you integrate 297 00:10:41,010 --> 00:10:43,288 the system , the propulsion , you know , 298 00:10:43,288 --> 00:10:45,399 kind of propulsion system you want to 299 00:10:45,399 --> 00:10:44,930 use . And , you know , some of the 300 00:10:44,930 --> 00:10:46,819 commercial companies nowadays are 301 00:10:46,819 --> 00:10:48,986 reusing are able to reuse , you know , 302 00:10:48,986 --> 00:10:51,208 kind of rocket powered . So some of the 303 00:10:51,208 --> 00:10:53,374 systems are , you know , we know space 304 00:10:53,374 --> 00:10:55,430 six , obviously their stage one , or 305 00:10:55,430 --> 00:10:57,652 you know , that there actually are able 306 00:10:57,652 --> 00:10:59,874 to reuse it , but yeah , so I think the 307 00:10:59,874 --> 00:11:02,041 material is one of the major one . And 308 00:11:02,041 --> 00:11:04,097 how you integrate the overall system 309 00:11:04,097 --> 00:11:06,263 from a Russian point of view where you 310 00:11:06,263 --> 00:11:08,208 use combined cycle engines in such 311 00:11:08,208 --> 00:11:10,430 that's gonna be it's gonna be the , you 312 00:11:10,430 --> 00:11:10,140 know , some of the major challenges . 313 00:11:10,150 --> 00:11:12,570 Uh , Mike , I handed over to you 314 00:11:12,570 --> 00:11:14,792 probably more excited . I think I think 315 00:11:14,792 --> 00:11:16,737 between the two of us we've talked 316 00:11:16,737 --> 00:11:18,681 about , it really is materials and 317 00:11:18,681 --> 00:11:20,292 propulsion from a technology 318 00:11:20,292 --> 00:11:22,403 perspective that get us where we need 319 00:11:22,403 --> 00:11:24,292 to get to . But George touched on 320 00:11:24,292 --> 00:11:24,260 something that's really , really 321 00:11:24,260 --> 00:11:26,482 important is in order for these systems 322 00:11:26,482 --> 00:11:28,593 to be viable and what we what we call 323 00:11:28,593 --> 00:11:30,680 closed in that they can . You know , 324 00:11:30,680 --> 00:11:34,570 you can build a vehicle system that 325 00:11:34,570 --> 00:11:36,459 accomplishes the mission that you 326 00:11:36,459 --> 00:11:38,560 desire within a certain weight and 327 00:11:39,140 --> 00:11:42,710 basically cost constraint . Um , there 328 00:11:42,710 --> 00:11:44,599 there's a real system integration 329 00:11:44,599 --> 00:11:46,377 problem that you really have to 330 00:11:46,377 --> 00:11:48,488 optimize . So we do things like multi 331 00:11:48,488 --> 00:11:51,300 multi dimensional optimization , um , 332 00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:53,022 to make sure that we are fully 333 00:11:53,022 --> 00:11:55,022 optimizing the way we integrate the 334 00:11:55,022 --> 00:11:57,300 various elements of these systems . Um , 335 00:11:57,300 --> 00:11:59,356 and it's really important to do that 336 00:11:59,356 --> 00:12:01,633 because it's a hard problem . You know , 337 00:12:01,633 --> 00:12:03,578 we're flying on the margins from a 338 00:12:03,578 --> 00:12:05,411 thermal management perspective . 339 00:12:05,411 --> 00:12:07,411 Boundary layer transition is hugely 340 00:12:07,411 --> 00:12:09,522 important and can dramatically change 341 00:12:09,522 --> 00:12:11,744 the thermal management requirements and 342 00:12:11,744 --> 00:12:14,022 materials requirements for the vehicle . 343 00:12:14,022 --> 00:12:16,189 What subsystems you put in and how you 344 00:12:16,189 --> 00:12:18,078 optimize the subsystems , um , is 345 00:12:18,078 --> 00:12:20,300 hugely important . And then the ability 346 00:12:20,300 --> 00:12:22,244 for the engine to be efficient and 347 00:12:22,244 --> 00:12:24,850 robust and reliable um , is going to be 348 00:12:24,850 --> 00:12:26,739 a key driver in the way the whole 349 00:12:26,739 --> 00:12:28,860 system comes together . So that multi 350 00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:31,240 multi discipline , multidimensional 351 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:33,129 optimization is going to be a key 352 00:12:33,129 --> 00:12:35,129 system driver . And , you know , in 353 00:12:35,129 --> 00:12:36,851 order for us to realize future 354 00:12:36,851 --> 00:12:39,073 hypersonic systems , there are a number 355 00:12:39,073 --> 00:12:41,210 of you know , one thing that I have 356 00:12:41,210 --> 00:12:43,470 found very interesting since I'm taking 357 00:12:43,470 --> 00:12:45,570 this job is the number of small 358 00:12:45,570 --> 00:12:48,140 companies Andi , even at at this point , 359 00:12:48,140 --> 00:12:50,710 venture capitalists who are interested 360 00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:52,877 in trying to leverage the capabilities 361 00:12:52,877 --> 00:12:55,250 of hyper sonics for various 362 00:12:55,260 --> 00:12:58,780 applications . Um , either business 363 00:12:58,780 --> 00:13:00,669 models associated with developing 364 00:13:00,669 --> 00:13:02,780 reasonable hypersonic systems as test 365 00:13:02,780 --> 00:13:05,580 assets Azaz . Well , as for the 366 00:13:05,580 --> 00:13:07,524 ultimate , um , you know , mission 367 00:13:07,524 --> 00:13:09,524 applications we talked about either 368 00:13:09,524 --> 00:13:11,802 whether it's commercial hypersonic for , 369 00:13:11,802 --> 00:13:13,747 you know , future passenger , um , 370 00:13:13,747 --> 00:13:15,802 applications or access to space . So 371 00:13:15,802 --> 00:13:18,024 there's there's a pretty diverse set of 372 00:13:18,024 --> 00:13:20,191 players . It's not just the big guys . 373 00:13:20,191 --> 00:13:22,413 When you start talking about reasonable 374 00:13:22,413 --> 00:13:24,280 hyper sonics on DSO , it's an 375 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,440 interesting ecosystem , if you will . 376 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:28,551 That's being that's that's developing 377 00:13:28,551 --> 00:13:30,920 in that in that realm , Uh , so I want 378 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,031 to turn back to that after a second . 379 00:13:33,031 --> 00:13:35,087 But first , one of the things that's 380 00:13:35,087 --> 00:13:37,142 very different in year 2020 from the 381 00:13:37,142 --> 00:13:39,309 way , uh , for instance , the Concorde 382 00:13:39,309 --> 00:13:41,531 was designed a long time ago Is there's 383 00:13:41,531 --> 00:13:43,698 much greater availability of compute . 384 00:13:43,698 --> 00:13:46,760 There's much better sense of how to , 385 00:13:46,770 --> 00:13:49,280 in a virtual space , create scenarios 386 00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:51,224 and simulations to help the design 387 00:13:51,224 --> 00:13:53,690 process where you can . I know that 388 00:13:53,690 --> 00:13:57,150 this was a big , uh , effort from 389 00:13:57,150 --> 00:13:59,320 former undersecretary of Defense for 390 00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:01,431 research engineering Mike Griffin was 391 00:14:01,431 --> 00:14:03,431 toe create new opportunities to use 392 00:14:03,431 --> 00:14:07,320 virtual ization to design things in a 393 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:11,160 virtual space . Better , uh , mawr , 394 00:14:11,160 --> 00:14:13,216 realistically , more credibly before 395 00:14:13,216 --> 00:14:15,438 you take it to the next stage . In that 396 00:14:15,438 --> 00:14:17,493 way , you get done with a lot of the 397 00:14:17,493 --> 00:14:17,360 experimentation , and you can solve 398 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:19,582 certain design problems before you even 399 00:14:19,582 --> 00:14:21,804 start encountering them in three days . 400 00:14:21,804 --> 00:14:23,971 So I wonder if you could talk a little 401 00:14:23,971 --> 00:14:25,860 bit about how the design of these 402 00:14:25,860 --> 00:14:28,082 things has changed from a few years ago 403 00:14:28,082 --> 00:14:31,380 as a result of new tools , like a lot 404 00:14:31,380 --> 00:14:35,260 of compute , like new data science and 405 00:14:35,260 --> 00:14:38,380 regression tools , things like that , 406 00:14:38,390 --> 00:14:40,501 how they're impacting the development 407 00:14:40,501 --> 00:14:43,030 in the design on that optimization 408 00:14:43,030 --> 00:14:45,308 problem you talked about of developing . 409 00:14:45,940 --> 00:14:48,051 Yeah , it's it's interesting . I look 410 00:14:48,051 --> 00:14:50,280 back at the you know , this is like my 411 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:52,336 40th year doing this stuff . So it's 412 00:14:52,336 --> 00:14:54,447 been around the block a few times and 413 00:14:54,447 --> 00:14:56,280 back in the days of the national 414 00:14:56,280 --> 00:14:58,447 airspace playing , you know , the Holy 415 00:14:58,447 --> 00:15:00,724 Grail was computational fluid dynamics , 416 00:15:00,724 --> 00:15:02,947 you know , because we had computational 417 00:15:02,947 --> 00:15:05,002 fluid dynamics . We could design the 418 00:15:05,002 --> 00:15:04,620 vehicle without going and doing a bunch 419 00:15:04,620 --> 00:15:06,842 of flight tests , and we would fly just 420 00:15:06,842 --> 00:15:09,860 to validate the codes on Did the notion 421 00:15:09,860 --> 00:15:12,310 back then , was we ? You know , we had 422 00:15:12,310 --> 00:15:13,977 gone come far enough along in 423 00:15:13,977 --> 00:15:16,088 turbulence modeling to where we could 424 00:15:16,088 --> 00:15:18,032 understand that the transition and 425 00:15:18,032 --> 00:15:20,088 turbulence in laminar boundary layer 426 00:15:20,088 --> 00:15:22,310 effects on the overall vehicle design . 427 00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:24,421 Um , it turns out we weren't quite as 428 00:15:24,421 --> 00:15:26,588 smart as we thought on . Do you know , 429 00:15:26,588 --> 00:15:28,699 I think in particular with turbulence 430 00:15:28,699 --> 00:15:31,000 modeling , I maintain it's pretty much 431 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,222 chaos theory . And so we've gotten much 432 00:15:33,222 --> 00:15:35,278 better at at modeling boundary layer 433 00:15:35,278 --> 00:15:37,389 transition . But we're still not very 434 00:15:37,389 --> 00:15:39,500 good at it , because I think we don't 435 00:15:39,500 --> 00:15:41,667 Still , we still don't understand that 436 00:15:41,667 --> 00:15:43,611 you know all of the core phenomena 437 00:15:43,611 --> 00:15:43,500 associated with this , so there's 438 00:15:43,510 --> 00:15:45,850 there's a lot of room for 439 00:15:46,740 --> 00:15:49,010 advanced modeling simulation tools . I 440 00:15:49,010 --> 00:15:51,820 just earlier this week , um , set I sit 441 00:15:51,820 --> 00:15:53,653 on the board of directors of the 442 00:15:53,653 --> 00:15:55,987 Hypersonic Vehicle Simulation Institute , 443 00:15:55,987 --> 00:15:57,876 where they're developing modeling 444 00:15:57,876 --> 00:15:59,876 techniques and and some very , very 445 00:15:59,876 --> 00:16:02,042 advanced modeling techniques that will 446 00:16:02,042 --> 00:16:04,320 help us design future reusable systems . 447 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:06,487 And it will be absolutely essential to 448 00:16:06,487 --> 00:16:06,280 have those tools and have them continue 449 00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:08,280 toe to mature . But it really comes 450 00:16:08,280 --> 00:16:10,590 down to flying . Um , you know , the 451 00:16:10,590 --> 00:16:12,312 hypersonic environment is very 452 00:16:12,312 --> 00:16:14,423 difficult to simulate on the ground . 453 00:16:14,423 --> 00:16:16,590 Wind tunnels tend to be noisy and that 454 00:16:16,590 --> 00:16:18,590 they introduced turbulence that are 455 00:16:18,590 --> 00:16:20,812 specific to the facility as opposed toe 456 00:16:20,812 --> 00:16:22,923 being representative of flight in the 457 00:16:22,923 --> 00:16:25,146 atmosphere . Eso you know those effects 458 00:16:25,146 --> 00:16:27,330 could be very , very difficult . It's 459 00:16:27,330 --> 00:16:29,690 very hard to simulate the proper energy 460 00:16:29,690 --> 00:16:31,801 conditions or entropy conditions in a 461 00:16:31,801 --> 00:16:33,801 wind tunnel to get to the very high 462 00:16:33,801 --> 00:16:35,634 Mach numbers . I mean , we we're 463 00:16:35,634 --> 00:16:37,801 looking at systems that are flying not 464 00:16:37,801 --> 00:16:39,746 just at Mach five , but you know , 465 00:16:39,746 --> 00:16:41,912 anywhere between Mach five and Mark 20 466 00:16:41,912 --> 00:16:43,968 within the atmosphere . And that's a 467 00:16:43,968 --> 00:16:46,079 pretty stressing environment . So you 468 00:16:46,079 --> 00:16:48,190 really need to have a robust modeling 469 00:16:48,190 --> 00:16:50,301 and simulation environment . You need 470 00:16:50,301 --> 00:16:50,250 to have a very robust set of ground 471 00:16:50,250 --> 00:16:51,990 test facilities that are as 472 00:16:51,990 --> 00:16:54,157 representative as they could be of the 473 00:16:54,157 --> 00:16:56,268 flight environment , and then you got 474 00:16:56,268 --> 00:16:58,268 to go fly and flying is not cheap . 475 00:16:58,268 --> 00:17:00,379 Historically , we've you know , we've 476 00:17:00,379 --> 00:17:02,434 We've been on a pace of , like , one 477 00:17:02,434 --> 00:17:04,601 flight test every couple years for the 478 00:17:04,601 --> 00:17:06,768 last 10 or so years . Um , we're gonna 479 00:17:06,768 --> 00:17:08,879 fly in our portfolio programs over 40 480 00:17:08,879 --> 00:17:11,820 times in the next 4 to 5 years . And so 481 00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:13,774 there's a lot of flying that we're 482 00:17:13,774 --> 00:17:15,719 needing to do to move through that 483 00:17:15,719 --> 00:17:18,100 phase , those phases of maturity to get 484 00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:20,211 to our systems gets the point . We're 485 00:17:20,211 --> 00:17:22,322 fielding systems that are viable on . 486 00:17:22,322 --> 00:17:24,489 That's just for the expendable weapons 487 00:17:24,489 --> 00:17:26,711 systems . But once we get to reusable , 488 00:17:26,711 --> 00:17:29,810 it'll even be more intense . So I wanna 489 00:17:29,820 --> 00:17:32,130 take T George with that in just a 490 00:17:32,130 --> 00:17:34,690 second . But first when you talk about 491 00:17:34,700 --> 00:17:37,630 the tremendous burden of flying these 492 00:17:37,630 --> 00:17:39,852 in real space and how important that is 493 00:17:39,852 --> 00:17:42,930 for design one of the things that 494 00:17:42,940 --> 00:17:45,600 former DARPA director Dr Stephen Walker 495 00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:48,940 a long time uh , leader events 496 00:17:48,940 --> 00:17:51,273 department for hyper Sonics development , 497 00:17:51,273 --> 00:17:53,440 that sort of thing . One of the things 498 00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:55,496 that he brought up a couple of years 499 00:17:55,496 --> 00:17:57,607 ago I know Mike Griffin was concerned 500 00:17:57,607 --> 00:17:59,662 about this is well was a gap in test 501 00:17:59,662 --> 00:18:01,850 ranges that existed between the United 502 00:18:01,850 --> 00:18:04,870 States and China . We had , like , only 503 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:07,360 really one place where we could , 504 00:18:08,540 --> 00:18:10,790 uh , conducted the sorts of tests on 505 00:18:10,790 --> 00:18:12,846 hyper sonics that you've described , 506 00:18:12,846 --> 00:18:15,068 where you can actually fly them and see 507 00:18:15,068 --> 00:18:17,123 what it's like . I know that there's 508 00:18:17,123 --> 00:18:16,990 been a little bit of progress . They're 509 00:18:16,990 --> 00:18:19,157 partnering with University of Texas to 510 00:18:19,157 --> 00:18:21,379 develop new testing ranges . But how do 511 00:18:21,379 --> 00:18:24,270 you describe that gap that they 512 00:18:24,280 --> 00:18:26,447 mentioned ? Has it been addressed ? Is 513 00:18:26,447 --> 00:18:28,560 there still a range gap in terms of 514 00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:31,280 places , huge areas of land to actually 515 00:18:31,340 --> 00:18:33,396 see whether or not these designs air 516 00:18:33,396 --> 00:18:35,750 working ? Do we still have that ? Yeah . 517 00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:37,750 I mean , there are some charts that 518 00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:39,583 exists that I'm not sure whether 519 00:18:39,583 --> 00:18:41,806 they're open or not , but that you know 520 00:18:41,806 --> 00:18:44,400 that you can see the the U . S . For 521 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:46,733 sonic facilities over the last 40 years , 522 00:18:46,733 --> 00:18:49,450 and and basically it is a , you know , 523 00:18:49,450 --> 00:18:51,339 a steady decline in the number of 524 00:18:51,339 --> 00:18:53,450 facilities . And then you look at the 525 00:18:53,450 --> 00:18:55,672 investment that China has made over the 526 00:18:55,672 --> 00:18:57,728 last , you know , decade or a decade 527 00:18:57,728 --> 00:18:59,950 and a half , um , to build facilities . 528 00:18:59,950 --> 00:19:02,061 And it's very , very clear that there 529 00:19:02,061 --> 00:19:04,172 is a strong national priority because 530 00:19:04,172 --> 00:19:06,061 they've made a huge investment in 531 00:19:06,061 --> 00:19:08,172 infrastructure in China . But again , 532 00:19:08,172 --> 00:19:10,380 it's not about how our facilities 533 00:19:10,380 --> 00:19:12,602 compared to China is how our facilities 534 00:19:12,740 --> 00:19:15,250 meet the needs that we have . And so 535 00:19:15,260 --> 00:19:17,316 there are . There are new facilities 536 00:19:17,316 --> 00:19:19,371 that we've built . We've built a mid 537 00:19:19,371 --> 00:19:21,427 pressure arc down at a . D . C . And 538 00:19:21,427 --> 00:19:23,260 that mid pressure arc is a vital 539 00:19:23,260 --> 00:19:24,982 resource for ground testing of 540 00:19:24,982 --> 00:19:26,816 materials and a high temperature 541 00:19:26,816 --> 00:19:28,982 environment consistent with hypersonic 542 00:19:28,982 --> 00:19:30,982 flight . And we mentioned speed and 543 00:19:30,982 --> 00:19:33,093 maneuverability about in hypersonic , 544 00:19:33,093 --> 00:19:35,093 so it's really important . But that 545 00:19:35,093 --> 00:19:37,093 speed allows us toe fly and what we 546 00:19:37,093 --> 00:19:39,316 call a near space regime where we don't 547 00:19:39,316 --> 00:19:41,538 typically fly other than to fly through 548 00:19:41,538 --> 00:19:43,649 it right . When we re enter , we fall 549 00:19:43,649 --> 00:19:45,760 through it . When we go to space , we 550 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:47,704 fly through it . But between about 551 00:19:47,704 --> 00:19:50,590 80,000 ft in about 150,000 ft , there's 552 00:19:50,590 --> 00:19:52,701 you there's there are no systems that 553 00:19:52,701 --> 00:19:54,868 really operating in a sustained flight 554 00:19:54,868 --> 00:19:56,812 manner within the that part of the 555 00:19:56,812 --> 00:19:58,757 atmosphere . And so you know , our 556 00:19:58,757 --> 00:20:00,923 facilities need to replicate that that 557 00:20:00,923 --> 00:20:03,090 part of the atmosphere and so we're in 558 00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:04,923 the process . That Test Resource 559 00:20:04,923 --> 00:20:06,979 Management Center has responsibility 560 00:20:06,979 --> 00:20:09,290 for the national infrastructure and and 561 00:20:09,290 --> 00:20:11,512 they have a very significant investment 562 00:20:11,512 --> 00:20:13,960 strategy to build ground facilities . 563 00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:17,910 Um , add capability to existing flight 564 00:20:17,910 --> 00:20:21,350 test ranges , then develop additional 565 00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:23,294 future flight test range is moving 566 00:20:23,294 --> 00:20:25,620 forward . Um , right now , our primary 567 00:20:25,620 --> 00:20:28,070 flight test ranges range for long range 568 00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:30,550 hypersonic capabilities . Eyes out in 569 00:20:30,550 --> 00:20:32,900 the Western Pacific and , you know , 570 00:20:32,900 --> 00:20:34,900 out of the PMR F range and then the 571 00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:36,789 Kwajalein , those kinds of flight 572 00:20:36,789 --> 00:20:39,011 corridors , we also fly out of the West 573 00:20:39,011 --> 00:20:41,122 Coast and fly west over the Pacific , 574 00:20:41,122 --> 00:20:43,067 out of places like Point Magoo and 575 00:20:43,067 --> 00:20:45,580 Vandenberg and and Edwards . Um , but 576 00:20:45,590 --> 00:20:48,830 all those all those ranges result in 577 00:20:48,830 --> 00:20:51,740 flight , um , into the ocean . One of 578 00:20:51,740 --> 00:20:54,180 the advantages that both China and 579 00:20:54,180 --> 00:20:56,236 Russia have is they have very , very 580 00:20:56,236 --> 00:20:58,180 long large landmass where they can 581 00:20:58,180 --> 00:21:00,347 actually fly over land , um , and have 582 00:21:00,347 --> 00:21:03,650 land based , um , termination for their 583 00:21:03,650 --> 00:21:05,761 systems , which can have some obvious 584 00:21:05,761 --> 00:21:07,872 advantages . So we're looking at what 585 00:21:07,872 --> 00:21:09,817 can we do to resurrect some of our 586 00:21:09,817 --> 00:21:11,983 longer range land bases within Conus . 587 00:21:11,983 --> 00:21:14,206 I'm looking at working with Australians 588 00:21:14,206 --> 00:21:16,700 and looking at Woomera . Andi even have 589 00:21:16,700 --> 00:21:18,922 had some discussions with Canada . Look 590 00:21:18,922 --> 00:21:21,640 at options for overland ranges as well 591 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:25,100 as looking at exploring over over 592 00:21:25,110 --> 00:21:28,810 land , uh , range capability . Um , in 593 00:21:28,810 --> 00:21:31,032 the Atlantic , I mean , currently , the 594 00:21:31,032 --> 00:21:33,032 Navy flies very long range missions 595 00:21:33,032 --> 00:21:34,921 associate with Trident out of the 596 00:21:34,921 --> 00:21:37,032 Atlantic ranges . So we're looking at 597 00:21:37,032 --> 00:21:39,199 how do we piggyback on that capability 598 00:21:39,199 --> 00:21:41,690 and leverage that those assets as well ? 599 00:21:41,690 --> 00:21:43,468 So we're looking at significant 600 00:21:43,468 --> 00:21:45,523 expansion of what we're doing in the 601 00:21:45,523 --> 00:21:47,246 test ranges . We're looking at 602 00:21:47,246 --> 00:21:49,190 investing in the infrastructure to 603 00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:51,357 where we can replace um , the maritime 604 00:21:51,357 --> 00:21:55,080 based telemetry and , um and , 605 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:57,136 uh , flight termination capabilities 606 00:21:57,136 --> 00:21:58,969 with airborne flight termination 607 00:21:58,969 --> 00:22:00,858 capabilities developing something 608 00:22:00,858 --> 00:22:02,747 called Range Hawk where we take a 609 00:22:02,747 --> 00:22:04,913 global hawk or a family of global Hawk 610 00:22:04,913 --> 00:22:06,580 systems . And we fly those in 611 00:22:06,580 --> 00:22:08,802 conjunction with the flight tests . And 612 00:22:08,802 --> 00:22:10,913 that gives us great flexibility as to 613 00:22:10,913 --> 00:22:13,136 where we where we test s O , that opens 614 00:22:13,136 --> 00:22:15,358 up possibilities as well . So T r . M c 615 00:22:15,358 --> 00:22:17,580 has been great . They started investing 616 00:22:17,580 --> 00:22:19,636 in it in the , you know , before the 617 00:22:19,636 --> 00:22:21,913 modernization priority was established . 618 00:22:21,913 --> 00:22:23,913 They started investing in it in the 619 00:22:23,913 --> 00:22:26,136 2015 timeframe . That's why we have the 620 00:22:26,136 --> 00:22:28,469 H two arc right now . We're gonna build , 621 00:22:28,469 --> 00:22:30,413 we'll build another arc because of 622 00:22:30,413 --> 00:22:32,413 demand signal is so high between us 623 00:22:32,413 --> 00:22:34,358 missile Defense Agency and nuclear 624 00:22:34,358 --> 00:22:36,580 modernization . Eso we're really making 625 00:22:36,580 --> 00:22:38,747 that huge investment and intestine and 626 00:22:38,747 --> 00:22:41,240 and evaluation both from ground and and 627 00:22:41,240 --> 00:22:43,351 flight test perspective . All right , 628 00:22:43,351 --> 00:22:45,060 so , uh , over the Pacific , 629 00:22:45,060 --> 00:22:47,460 potentially partnering with Canada . Uh , 630 00:22:47,470 --> 00:22:49,840 when and where do you imagine this 631 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:51,990 flight test ? Where you have this 632 00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:54,190 constellation of global hawks , That 633 00:22:54,190 --> 00:22:55,968 air collecting data and kind of 634 00:22:55,968 --> 00:22:58,020 observing a flight test . When does 635 00:22:58,020 --> 00:22:59,964 that happen ? And where I've never 636 00:22:59,964 --> 00:23:01,909 heard of it . Um , that's that's a 637 00:23:01,909 --> 00:23:04,076 capability that we're working on now . 638 00:23:04,076 --> 00:23:06,187 We've got the Global Hawks procured . 639 00:23:06,187 --> 00:23:08,076 We're modifying them now with the 640 00:23:08,076 --> 00:23:10,298 proper sensor suite . Um , and over the 641 00:23:10,298 --> 00:23:12,242 next couple of years , we will fly 642 00:23:12,242 --> 00:23:14,464 those systems in the shadow mode , uh , 643 00:23:14,464 --> 00:23:16,409 then get reliability data and then 644 00:23:16,409 --> 00:23:18,409 eventually be able to fly them a za 645 00:23:18,409 --> 00:23:20,970 primary , um , means for telemetry . 646 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:23,662 Interesting . That's I feel like that's 647 00:23:23,662 --> 00:23:25,773 news . So , George , tell us a little 648 00:23:25,773 --> 00:23:29,270 bit about the study that you did taking 649 00:23:29,270 --> 00:23:31,437 into consideration all of these things 650 00:23:31,437 --> 00:23:33,159 that are happening , these new 651 00:23:33,159 --> 00:23:35,381 breakthroughs and virtualization that's 652 00:23:35,381 --> 00:23:38,300 still hard problem of flight testing on 653 00:23:38,310 --> 00:23:41,070 the hard problem of chemistry for 654 00:23:41,070 --> 00:23:43,210 coatings , etcetera . What was the 655 00:23:43,210 --> 00:23:45,321 determination that your study reached 656 00:23:45,321 --> 00:23:47,630 in terms of , uh , the commercial 657 00:23:47,630 --> 00:23:50,600 viability of hyper sonics in within the 658 00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:53,780 next decade ? again . I'm gonna say 659 00:23:53,780 --> 00:23:55,891 that Mike summarized it pretty well . 660 00:23:55,891 --> 00:23:58,380 We've made a lot advances in C f d a . 661 00:23:58,390 --> 00:24:01,180 Mike mentioned , but we also mentioned 662 00:24:01,180 --> 00:24:03,347 weren't quite a smart as we thought we 663 00:24:03,347 --> 00:24:05,124 were a lot of challenges flying 664 00:24:05,124 --> 00:24:07,347 hypersonic . So I mean , we have I mean 665 00:24:07,347 --> 00:24:09,513 and so we identified actually modeling 666 00:24:09,513 --> 00:24:11,569 and simulation and ground testing as 667 00:24:11,569 --> 00:24:13,458 some of the major challenges that 668 00:24:13,458 --> 00:24:15,624 barriers that would actually enable us 669 00:24:15,624 --> 00:24:17,458 to potentially control something 670 00:24:17,458 --> 00:24:19,680 proliferation of these weapons from one 671 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,830 of you of organic development . But I 672 00:24:22,830 --> 00:24:24,719 mean , having said that , there's 673 00:24:24,719 --> 00:24:26,830 there's a lot advances being done . I 674 00:24:26,830 --> 00:24:26,790 mean , the university of working on 675 00:24:26,790 --> 00:24:29,770 this , but it's gonna be e I don't know 676 00:24:29,770 --> 00:24:31,992 what's gonna happen in the future , but 677 00:24:31,992 --> 00:24:34,214 based on what we understand right now , 678 00:24:34,214 --> 00:24:36,490 you know , being able to , uh , to 679 00:24:36,490 --> 00:24:38,323 predict , you know , things like 680 00:24:38,323 --> 00:24:40,657 boundary layer transition for different , 681 00:24:40,657 --> 00:24:42,879 different all kinds of different flight 682 00:24:42,879 --> 00:24:44,934 condition is gonna be very difficult 683 00:24:44,934 --> 00:24:46,657 when tunnels have very limited 684 00:24:46,657 --> 00:24:48,823 capabilities from point of yours , how 685 00:24:48,823 --> 00:24:48,420 long you can fly them , you know , on 686 00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:50,531 we're building new wind tunnels , you 687 00:24:50,531 --> 00:24:52,587 know , quiet twin tunnels and such . 688 00:24:52,587 --> 00:24:54,809 But you can only fly . You can only use 689 00:24:54,809 --> 00:24:57,470 it for so long . They don't really e 690 00:24:57,480 --> 00:24:59,258 mean the fidelity by which they 691 00:24:59,258 --> 00:25:01,313 represent the atmosphere is not very 692 00:25:01,313 --> 00:25:03,480 high , right ? I mean , it z just , uh 693 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,170 they're almost ideal conditions . Eso 694 00:25:06,170 --> 00:25:07,948 it's gonna be very difficult to 695 00:25:07,948 --> 00:25:10,600 completely replace Flight test would 696 00:25:10,610 --> 00:25:13,510 just see just , you know , e guess you 697 00:25:13,510 --> 00:25:15,510 wanna call a digital engineering or 698 00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:18,320 whatever , but it's not I mean , we 699 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:20,542 don't see it least anywhere in the near 700 00:25:20,542 --> 00:25:22,764 future being able to completely replace 701 00:25:22,764 --> 00:25:24,709 that there are a lot of things you 702 00:25:24,709 --> 00:25:24,240 could do . You could do potentially 703 00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:26,407 some parametric , so you could do some 704 00:25:26,407 --> 00:25:29,400 sensitivity analyses and such . But at 705 00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:31,567 the end of the day , you're gonna have 706 00:25:31,567 --> 00:25:33,678 to test test and test and flight test 707 00:25:33,678 --> 00:25:33,300 is probably what you're gonna end up 708 00:25:33,300 --> 00:25:35,356 having to do . And so the hypersonic 709 00:25:35,356 --> 00:25:37,522 types of vehicles and again , the more 710 00:25:37,522 --> 00:25:39,411 data you collect , you can anchor 711 00:25:39,411 --> 00:25:41,633 models . You can do things you're gonna 712 00:25:41,633 --> 00:25:43,800 get better and better . But again , at 713 00:25:43,800 --> 00:25:43,230 the end of the day , I think like Mike , 714 00:25:43,240 --> 00:25:45,296 Mike said , you're gonna have to fly 715 00:25:45,296 --> 00:25:47,184 these things . And I think you're 716 00:25:47,184 --> 00:25:49,351 saying the same thing . I e don't know 717 00:25:49,351 --> 00:25:48,830 if I answer your questions . You know , 718 00:25:48,830 --> 00:25:50,830 I think . I think that that was the 719 00:25:50,830 --> 00:25:52,941 problem very clearly . Eso Let's take 720 00:25:52,941 --> 00:25:54,997 some audience questions Right now we 721 00:25:54,997 --> 00:25:57,219 have a couple hypersonic weapons are no 722 00:25:57,219 --> 00:25:59,108 longer marked as the D . O . D is 723 00:25:59,108 --> 00:26:02,940 number one priority . Has this impacted ? 724 00:26:02,950 --> 00:26:05,400 The diodes work on hypersonic weapons , 725 00:26:05,410 --> 00:26:07,410 and there's this expected to make a 726 00:26:07,410 --> 00:26:09,521 difference in budget allocations . So 727 00:26:09,521 --> 00:26:11,466 for a bit of context , the Defense 728 00:26:11,466 --> 00:26:13,521 Department 2017 laid out a number of 729 00:26:13,521 --> 00:26:15,521 technological modernization areas . 730 00:26:15,521 --> 00:26:17,688 Just hey , good morning tech that they 731 00:26:17,688 --> 00:26:19,743 wanted to put money into , and among 732 00:26:19,743 --> 00:26:21,577 them was hyper sonics as well as 733 00:26:21,577 --> 00:26:21,290 quantum computing . Artificial 734 00:26:21,290 --> 00:26:23,123 intelligence joined all the main 735 00:26:23,123 --> 00:26:25,179 command and control etcetera , and I 736 00:26:25,179 --> 00:26:26,568 think that very recently 737 00:26:26,568 --> 00:26:28,234 microelectronics has replaced 738 00:26:28,234 --> 00:26:30,068 hypersonic says what the Defense 739 00:26:30,068 --> 00:26:32,123 Department described as their number 740 00:26:32,123 --> 00:26:35,670 one priority . So has that impacted 741 00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:39,340 or affected , uh , the budget 742 00:26:39,340 --> 00:26:43,100 allocations for hyper Sonics . Like I 743 00:26:43,110 --> 00:26:45,950 will say , it has not impacted it . And 744 00:26:45,950 --> 00:26:48,880 I will , um , I'll say this because 745 00:26:48,890 --> 00:26:51,320 this is the department position , not 746 00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:53,530 just because I'm tryingto make make it 747 00:26:53,540 --> 00:26:56,890 make make our team look good . But the 748 00:26:56,900 --> 00:26:59,980 the idea was that hyper Sonics was a 749 00:26:59,990 --> 00:27:02,250 department priority . We needed to do , 750 00:27:02,260 --> 00:27:04,480 um , something significantly different 751 00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:06,202 than we were doing in order to 752 00:27:06,202 --> 00:27:09,010 accelerate from where we were eso the 753 00:27:09,020 --> 00:27:11,131 department placed number one priority 754 00:27:11,131 --> 00:27:13,800 on hyper sonics . Um , if you talk to 755 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:15,950 Dr Lewis , Andi , even Mike Griffin 756 00:27:15,950 --> 00:27:18,430 before he left , um , the reason why 757 00:27:18,430 --> 00:27:20,760 hyper sonics was has drifted down a 758 00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:22,871 little bit in the priority . Um , you 759 00:27:22,871 --> 00:27:25,620 know , behind microelectronics mainly 760 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:27,731 is the fact that we're on a good path 761 00:27:27,731 --> 00:27:30,330 that we've We've kind of got the ship 762 00:27:30,330 --> 00:27:32,441 moving in the right direction . We've 763 00:27:32,441 --> 00:27:34,552 got great momentum . Our budget since 764 00:27:34,552 --> 00:27:38,250 2016 has gone up by a factor of 10 . Um , 765 00:27:38,250 --> 00:27:40,580 in 2016 we were investing on the order 766 00:27:40,580 --> 00:27:44,520 of 300 between 303 150 um , a 767 00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,420 million dollars a year . Uh , this year 768 00:27:47,420 --> 00:27:51,150 we're on the order of 3.2 to $3.5 769 00:27:51,150 --> 00:27:55,140 billion . Eso our annual 770 00:27:55,140 --> 00:27:57,930 budget has gone up by a factor of 10 on 771 00:27:57,930 --> 00:28:00,720 Ben over the five year defense plan . 772 00:28:00,730 --> 00:28:03,380 We've we've gone up dramatically just 773 00:28:03,380 --> 00:28:07,110 between f y 19 fit up and f y 20 fit up . 774 00:28:07,120 --> 00:28:09,580 We went from 5.6 billion toe right 775 00:28:09,580 --> 00:28:13,080 around 13 billion eso um and then we'll 776 00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:15,680 be on that pace again . for 21 then 777 00:28:15,680 --> 00:28:17,402 when the department has made a 778 00:28:17,402 --> 00:28:19,830 significant push to move us from phase 779 00:28:19,830 --> 00:28:22,250 two to phase three , I think you'll see 780 00:28:22,250 --> 00:28:24,720 that in future budgets . So I we've got 781 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:27,480 great momentum . We've accelerated once , 782 00:28:27,490 --> 00:28:29,780 going from 19 to 20 to kind of get from 783 00:28:29,780 --> 00:28:31,947 a phase one environment to a phase two 784 00:28:31,947 --> 00:28:34,210 environment . We've played a plan in 785 00:28:34,210 --> 00:28:36,432 place to accelerate a second time to go 786 00:28:36,432 --> 00:28:38,432 from phase two to phase three , and 787 00:28:38,432 --> 00:28:40,543 we're working the ground work through 788 00:28:40,543 --> 00:28:42,821 what we call industrial based war room . 789 00:28:42,821 --> 00:28:44,932 To be able to make sure we're on pace 790 00:28:44,932 --> 00:28:47,043 to move from phase three to phase for 791 00:28:47,043 --> 00:28:49,490 and ultimately put in place programs of 792 00:28:49,490 --> 00:28:51,990 record and capability phasing plans to 793 00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:54,323 get US robust capability for the future . 794 00:28:54,323 --> 00:28:56,379 So I I couldn't be happier with with 795 00:28:56,379 --> 00:28:58,550 the energy and importance the 796 00:28:58,550 --> 00:29:01,030 department is placing on hyper Sonics , 797 00:29:01,030 --> 00:29:03,680 and I think the budgets , um currently 798 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:05,960 and in the future will reflect that . 799 00:29:06,340 --> 00:29:08,173 And what's the target date for a 800 00:29:08,173 --> 00:29:10,118 deployable program of record ? I'm 801 00:29:10,118 --> 00:29:12,590 trying to remember . Well , our 802 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:15,030 portfolio right now is focused on 803 00:29:15,030 --> 00:29:17,920 fielding capability . Both , uh , you 804 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,250 know , from land bait land air , Andi 805 00:29:21,260 --> 00:29:25,090 at sea , uh , in the mid mid to late 806 00:29:25,100 --> 00:29:28,030 early to mid 20 twenties . So we'll 807 00:29:28,030 --> 00:29:30,730 have capability fielded in all three 808 00:29:30,730 --> 00:29:34,080 modalities by the by the mid 20 809 00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:37,710 twenties . Okay , eso related that 810 00:29:37,710 --> 00:29:39,654 13 million described for defensive 811 00:29:39,654 --> 00:29:42,670 means on the defensive side where our 812 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:44,402 that was our that was our full 813 00:29:44,402 --> 00:29:46,402 portfolio . Hyper Sonics . Not just 814 00:29:46,402 --> 00:29:48,458 defense . In fact , most of it is on 815 00:29:48,458 --> 00:29:50,458 offense , right ? But , I mean , in 816 00:29:50,458 --> 00:29:52,458 terms of 13 billion that you talked 817 00:29:52,458 --> 00:29:55,370 about comma on the defensive side . 818 00:29:55,380 --> 00:29:59,380 Yeah , e can't punctuated in the past . 819 00:29:59,380 --> 00:30:02,150 It's like it's very hard , Um , on the 820 00:30:02,150 --> 00:30:04,420 defensive side . Where are we On a 821 00:30:04,420 --> 00:30:07,560 complete kill chain by satellite means 822 00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:13,180 I won't talk to the details of the kill 823 00:30:13,180 --> 00:30:16,740 chain . I'll mention that we we 824 00:30:16,750 --> 00:30:19,990 universally recognized that the weapon 825 00:30:19,990 --> 00:30:22,360 is only part of the equation . When it 826 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:24,800 comes to the field and capability on , 827 00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:26,744 Do you have to have , you know , a 828 00:30:26,744 --> 00:30:28,860 detect control and engage sequence to 829 00:30:28,860 --> 00:30:31,027 realize capability ? So we are working 830 00:30:31,027 --> 00:30:33,138 the kill chain pretty significantly . 831 00:30:33,138 --> 00:30:35,193 If you look at the Space Development 832 00:30:35,193 --> 00:30:37,304 Agency , the Space Development Agency 833 00:30:37,304 --> 00:30:39,750 was really established to create a 834 00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:42,880 robust , um , space based architectures 835 00:30:42,890 --> 00:30:46,340 for proliferated Leo and Meo 836 00:30:46,340 --> 00:30:49,800 capabilities for having custody layers 837 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:53,350 and transport layers that were the 838 00:30:53,350 --> 00:30:56,440 requirements of primarily driven by 839 00:30:56,450 --> 00:30:58,117 persistent global tracking of 840 00:30:58,117 --> 00:31:00,790 hypersonic threats for defensive 841 00:31:00,790 --> 00:31:03,970 purposes , as well as ground tracking 842 00:31:03,980 --> 00:31:06,950 of high value of mobile targets for 843 00:31:06,950 --> 00:31:09,360 hypersonic offensive purposes . So we 844 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:11,450 are driving requirements very , very 845 00:31:11,450 --> 00:31:13,930 substantially into the space 846 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:15,763 architecture er , and it's being 847 00:31:15,763 --> 00:31:17,850 developed with the hypersonic 848 00:31:18,140 --> 00:31:20,307 application and the capabilities , and 849 00:31:20,307 --> 00:31:22,860 they buy hyper sonics as a primary 850 00:31:22,870 --> 00:31:25,340 requirements mechanism , and you're 851 00:31:25,340 --> 00:31:28,860 still looking at a counter hypersonic 852 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:32,340 capability that is , that uses that 853 00:31:32,340 --> 00:31:34,562 space layer for tracking . You see that 854 00:31:34,562 --> 00:31:37,410 you can watch the hypersonic as it 855 00:31:37,420 --> 00:31:39,531 maneuvers in space , and that way you 856 00:31:39,531 --> 00:31:41,364 don't lose sight of it . But the 857 00:31:41,364 --> 00:31:43,320 intercept you're still imagining 858 00:31:43,390 --> 00:31:45,612 happens from the ground where you shoot 859 00:31:45,612 --> 00:31:47,779 something up , and then you you hit it 860 00:31:47,779 --> 00:31:49,890 from the ground as opposed Thio . And 861 00:31:49,890 --> 00:31:49,480 this is something that the Defense 862 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:51,647 Department had been talking about over 863 00:31:51,647 --> 00:31:53,813 the last couple of years . And I think 864 00:31:53,813 --> 00:31:55,980 it's talking about a little less now , 865 00:31:55,980 --> 00:31:57,924 trying to intercept the hypersonic 866 00:31:57,924 --> 00:31:59,930 missile from space using perhaps 867 00:31:59,930 --> 00:32:02,041 neutral particle beams , which I know 868 00:32:02,041 --> 00:32:04,041 they've shelled , possibly directed 869 00:32:04,041 --> 00:32:06,400 energy or even a kind of missile launch 870 00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:08,510 from a satellite itself . Is that 871 00:32:08,510 --> 00:32:10,621 something that the Defense Department 872 00:32:10,621 --> 00:32:12,843 is still looking at trying to intercept 873 00:32:12,843 --> 00:32:14,843 a hypersonic missile from space . I 874 00:32:14,843 --> 00:32:16,954 don't really want to go into the full 875 00:32:16,954 --> 00:32:19,190 range of our , you know , kill chain 876 00:32:19,190 --> 00:32:21,079 elements And what the opportunity 877 00:32:21,079 --> 00:32:23,310 spaces we're looking at . But suffice 878 00:32:23,310 --> 00:32:24,977 it to say we are looking at a 879 00:32:24,977 --> 00:32:27,540 comprehensive layer defeat strategy . 880 00:32:27,550 --> 00:32:29,606 Um , toe , look at how do you defend 881 00:32:29,606 --> 00:32:32,210 against adversary systems ? Um , in all 882 00:32:32,210 --> 00:32:34,780 elements of the adversary kill chain . 883 00:32:35,540 --> 00:32:37,960 Okay , we've got time for I guess , 884 00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:41,470 maybe one mawr on apologies during a 885 00:32:41,470 --> 00:32:43,940 lot of them to come in for Mike , are 886 00:32:43,940 --> 00:32:46,480 the D F 17 and zircon systems 887 00:32:46,490 --> 00:32:49,660 operational now , um , 888 00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:52,730 I don't I don't know that I've seen 889 00:32:52,740 --> 00:32:55,710 official statements in the public eye . 890 00:32:55,710 --> 00:32:59,090 Could just say the D F 17 was paraded 891 00:32:59,100 --> 00:33:01,450 in significant numbers at the last 892 00:33:01,460 --> 00:33:04,630 military parade the Chinese had onda 893 00:33:04,630 --> 00:33:08,480 zircon system is a capability that has 894 00:33:08,480 --> 00:33:10,810 been demonstrated , uh , by the 895 00:33:10,810 --> 00:33:13,460 Russians in a very operational context . 896 00:33:13,460 --> 00:33:17,410 So okay , on with that , we've got time 897 00:33:17,410 --> 00:33:19,577 for I guess , one more , and we're not 898 00:33:19,577 --> 00:33:21,743 getting one in , but I have a question 899 00:33:21,743 --> 00:33:24,940 for everybody based on . And , you know , 900 00:33:24,950 --> 00:33:27,117 I understand you're speaking on behalf 901 00:33:27,117 --> 00:33:29,283 of yourself in this . So based on your 902 00:33:29,283 --> 00:33:31,450 own expertise and you and how you have 903 00:33:31,450 --> 00:33:33,728 perceived this technological landscape , 904 00:33:33,728 --> 00:33:37,430 uh , proceed over the last , uh , in 905 00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:41,430 case you , Mike decades , um , the 906 00:33:41,430 --> 00:33:43,830 prospect of man's hypersonic 907 00:33:43,830 --> 00:33:47,190 spaceflight using a maneuverable like , 908 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:49,750 as outlined in the Defense Department 909 00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:52,480 strategy . Eventually getting to 910 00:33:52,490 --> 00:33:55,490 hypersonic craft taken both go to space 911 00:33:55,490 --> 00:33:58,950 and also , uh , serve as aircraft 912 00:33:58,960 --> 00:34:01,630 reusable aircraft for humans . What is 913 00:34:01,630 --> 00:34:04,850 your expectation of when that becomes a 914 00:34:04,850 --> 00:34:08,180 reality ? Well , that's that's a loaded 915 00:34:08,180 --> 00:34:10,440 question . Um , you know , if you look 916 00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:13,460 at the x 37 B right now , that is an 917 00:34:13,470 --> 00:34:16,670 unmanned system that flies into space , 918 00:34:16,670 --> 00:34:18,559 does it's thing in space and then 919 00:34:18,559 --> 00:34:20,837 reenters in the hypersonic environment . 920 00:34:20,837 --> 00:34:22,726 What the difference is it doesn't 921 00:34:22,726 --> 00:34:24,614 operate with sustained hypersonic 922 00:34:24,614 --> 00:34:26,837 flight within the atmosphere other than 923 00:34:26,837 --> 00:34:28,837 through reentry . E think if you're 924 00:34:28,837 --> 00:34:31,840 talking about a man system for reusable 925 00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:34,280 applications , um , I think we're 926 00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:36,970 probably talking 2040 to 2050 . 927 00:34:38,240 --> 00:34:40,390 Okay , Very conservative , Which is 928 00:34:40,390 --> 00:34:43,200 good because your department , George , 929 00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:46,530 what is your estimation ? Yeah , No , I 930 00:34:46,530 --> 00:34:48,641 think it's as I mentioned earlier . I 931 00:34:48,641 --> 00:34:50,863 think this is one thing . It's gonna be 932 00:34:50,863 --> 00:34:53,030 a while . I should add also , I'm sure 933 00:34:53,030 --> 00:34:55,197 Mike is familiar with that . You might 934 00:34:55,197 --> 00:34:54,870 you might be familiar with to the 935 00:34:54,870 --> 00:34:56,814 straddle launches looking at every 936 00:34:56,814 --> 00:34:59,050 usable kind of hypersonic platform 937 00:34:59,050 --> 00:35:00,717 they're talking about testing 938 00:35:00,717 --> 00:35:03,510 represents and such so . But , I mean , 939 00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:06,780 going from a remote most part vehicle 940 00:35:06,780 --> 00:35:09,370 to a man vehicle is a huge , huge step . 941 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:12,570 Um and so I I agree with Mike , you 942 00:35:12,570 --> 00:35:14,626 know , it's gonna be it's gonna be a 943 00:35:14,626 --> 00:35:17,980 while . 23 years way will have unmanned 944 00:35:17,980 --> 00:35:20,270 reusable systems much , much earlier 945 00:35:20,270 --> 00:35:22,570 than that putting the man . And , you 946 00:35:22,570 --> 00:35:24,681 know , you have to have to decide for 947 00:35:24,681 --> 00:35:26,514 many of the applications whether 948 00:35:26,514 --> 00:35:28,514 whether it needs to be anything but 949 00:35:28,514 --> 00:35:30,626 unmanned , right ? Absolutely . Yes , 950 00:35:30,626 --> 00:35:32,626 we are . We are but fragile bags of 951 00:35:32,626 --> 00:35:36,370 juice . Uh , it's time , Patrick . I do 952 00:35:36,370 --> 00:35:39,130 see a question about the l R H w Army 953 00:35:39,130 --> 00:35:43,070 and Navy cooperation , uh , for CPS 954 00:35:43,080 --> 00:35:45,191 up there , and I think that that's an 955 00:35:45,191 --> 00:35:47,191 important question that I that I do 956 00:35:47,191 --> 00:35:49,470 want to emphasize the response to and 957 00:35:49,470 --> 00:35:51,590 that is , you know what ? One of the 958 00:35:51,590 --> 00:35:53,534 things that we have tried to do in 959 00:35:53,534 --> 00:35:55,757 creating these modernization priorities 960 00:35:55,757 --> 00:35:57,812 and establishing principal directors 961 00:35:57,812 --> 00:35:59,979 for each modernization priority is the 962 00:35:59,979 --> 00:36:01,590 principal director is really 963 00:36:01,590 --> 00:36:03,590 responsible for the entirety of the 964 00:36:03,590 --> 00:36:06,240 department's effort in in the 965 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:08,573 particular modernization priority . Now , 966 00:36:08,573 --> 00:36:10,796 in some areas , like microelectronics , 967 00:36:10,796 --> 00:36:12,962 that's huge cyber . It's huge . And so 968 00:36:12,962 --> 00:36:15,129 you know the scope is , you know , you 969 00:36:15,129 --> 00:36:17,296 really can't get your arms around that 970 00:36:17,296 --> 00:36:19,518 that elephant all at one time . But for 971 00:36:19,518 --> 00:36:21,740 hypersonic , it's a relatively a closed 972 00:36:21,740 --> 00:36:24,000 community , and what we've been able to 973 00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:26,670 do is really take that community and 974 00:36:26,670 --> 00:36:29,170 knitted together in a very cooperative 975 00:36:29,170 --> 00:36:31,170 and collaborative way . And there's 976 00:36:31,170 --> 00:36:33,281 nothing that demonstrates that better 977 00:36:33,281 --> 00:36:35,114 than what the Army and Navy have 978 00:36:35,114 --> 00:36:37,059 accomplished with the conventional 979 00:36:37,059 --> 00:36:39,114 prompt strike program . Conventional 980 00:36:39,114 --> 00:36:41,337 prompt strike is a program that was run 981 00:36:41,337 --> 00:36:43,559 out of the off out of OSD out of out of 982 00:36:43,559 --> 00:36:45,790 our office , um , executed by the Army 983 00:36:45,790 --> 00:36:48,780 and the Navy . We've had several very 984 00:36:48,780 --> 00:36:50,669 successful flight test . The last 985 00:36:50,669 --> 00:36:52,891 flight test was completely successful , 986 00:36:52,891 --> 00:36:55,870 Um , in 22,020 marks the transition of 987 00:36:55,870 --> 00:36:57,870 that technology to the Army and the 988 00:36:57,870 --> 00:36:59,970 Navy . And while at the beginning , 989 00:36:59,970 --> 00:37:01,803 they weren't really working very 990 00:37:01,803 --> 00:37:04,350 closely . Um , we we , as a team have 991 00:37:04,360 --> 00:37:07,490 created a board of directors between 992 00:37:07,500 --> 00:37:09,611 the Army , the Navy , the Air Force , 993 00:37:09,611 --> 00:37:12,660 EM Dia and OSD , and we've driven that 994 00:37:12,670 --> 00:37:15,690 activity to be highly integrated toe 995 00:37:15,690 --> 00:37:17,634 where the army , the Navy , are in 996 00:37:17,634 --> 00:37:19,746 lockstep . General Thurgood , Admiral 997 00:37:19,746 --> 00:37:22,120 Wolf and the and the Army and Navy team , 998 00:37:22,120 --> 00:37:24,630 respectively , are are working to a 999 00:37:24,630 --> 00:37:27,260 common all up around missile that will 1000 00:37:27,260 --> 00:37:29,350 both be a land based and sea based 1001 00:37:29,350 --> 00:37:31,890 capability on the team is working very , 1002 00:37:31,890 --> 00:37:33,710 very closely together with 1003 00:37:33,710 --> 00:37:35,766 responsibilities that are divvied up 1004 00:37:35,766 --> 00:37:37,766 through a memorandum of agreement . 1005 00:37:37,766 --> 00:37:39,932 Andi , it really is a success story as 1006 00:37:39,932 --> 00:37:41,932 to how you can integrate across the 1007 00:37:41,932 --> 00:37:45,250 department towards a common , um , but 1008 00:37:45,260 --> 00:37:48,870 different , um , and state . So I'm 1009 00:37:48,870 --> 00:37:50,648 very proud of that team and the 1010 00:37:50,648 --> 00:37:52,314 accomplishment and what we've 1011 00:37:52,314 --> 00:37:54,259 accomplished . And so I do want to 1012 00:37:54,259 --> 00:37:56,259 bring that up as a as a significant 1013 00:37:56,259 --> 00:37:58,481 success success story over the last two 1014 00:37:58,481 --> 00:38:00,790 years . Okay . Thanks . I'm sorry I 1015 00:38:00,790 --> 00:38:02,846 missed that one s Oh , this has been 1016 00:38:02,846 --> 00:38:05,580 great . I learned a lot . It's time to 1017 00:38:05,580 --> 00:38:07,691 in the editorial potion here . I want 1018 00:38:07,691 --> 00:38:09,913 to thank , uh , Mike and George for the 1019 00:38:09,913 --> 00:38:12,024 conversation , and I want to turn the 1020 00:38:12,024 --> 00:38:14,191 program over now . Thio , my colleague 1021 00:38:14,191 --> 00:38:16,136 Lori Diamonds , senior director of 1022 00:38:16,136 --> 00:38:18,080 Defense , one on Dr Thomas Boggs , 1023 00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:21,180 Chief Ai architect for the AI and ML 1024 00:38:21,180 --> 00:38:23,730 project at Lighthouse . So , Laurie , 1025 00:38:23,730 --> 00:38:24,260 over to you