1 00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,140 Well , good afternoon , Afternoon , 2 00:00:02,140 --> 00:00:04,196 everyone . And thanks for joining us 3 00:00:04,196 --> 00:00:06,196 today and heritage events live . My 4 00:00:06,196 --> 00:00:08,307 name is Thomas four and together with 5 00:00:08,307 --> 00:00:10,529 my co moderator , Ed Hazel Meyer , we'd 6 00:00:10,529 --> 00:00:12,751 like to welcome you today's event . The 7 00:00:12,751 --> 00:00:14,918 fight to get a co vid 19 vaccine , The 8 00:00:14,918 --> 00:00:17,070 inside story of the administration's 9 00:00:17,080 --> 00:00:19,890 operation warp speed by way of 10 00:00:19,890 --> 00:00:22,030 introduction . Operation Warp Speeds 11 00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:24,940 Goal is to produce and deliver over 300 12 00:00:24,940 --> 00:00:27,600 million doses of safe and effective 13 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:29,680 vaccines , with the initial doses 14 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:32,830 available by January 2021 . We have a 15 00:00:32,830 --> 00:00:34,941 great program in store for you and we 16 00:00:34,941 --> 00:00:37,052 want to get right to it . So let's do 17 00:00:37,052 --> 00:00:39,219 that with that . I'm delighted to tell 18 00:00:39,219 --> 00:00:41,052 you a little bit about our first 19 00:00:41,052 --> 00:00:43,230 speaker General Gas State or Gus Purna 20 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:45,680 is an Army four star general confirmed 21 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:48,150 by the Senate on July the second to 22 00:00:48,150 --> 00:00:50,372 serve as the chief operating officer of 23 00:00:50,372 --> 00:00:52,700 Operation Warp Speed . Prior to this 24 00:00:52,700 --> 00:00:54,811 assignment , General Pernis served as 25 00:00:54,811 --> 00:00:56,867 the commanding general of the Armies 26 00:00:56,867 --> 00:00:59,150 Material Command for nearly four years , 27 00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:03,140 leading 190,000 military , civilian and 28 00:01:03,140 --> 00:01:05,440 contractor employees with the mission 29 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:07,790 to provide logistics , sustainment and 30 00:01:07,790 --> 00:01:09,940 maintenance for a globally deployed 31 00:01:09,940 --> 00:01:12,310 army general permanent is a career 32 00:01:12,310 --> 00:01:15,750 logistician who has led complex supply , 33 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:18,050 distribution and maintenance operations 34 00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:20,750 in multiple combat tours with Army and 35 00:01:20,750 --> 00:01:22,861 joined forces , and has served at the 36 00:01:22,861 --> 00:01:25,083 national level supporting Department of 37 00:01:25,083 --> 00:01:28,020 Defense Supply and Distribution efforts . 38 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:30,542 Well , is this as his background ? It's 39 00:01:30,542 --> 00:01:32,542 easy to see why he was selected for 40 00:01:32,542 --> 00:01:34,598 this critically important position . 41 00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:36,684 General Partner graduated from the 42 00:01:36,684 --> 00:01:38,907 Valley Forge Military Academy and has a 43 00:01:38,907 --> 00:01:41,018 master's degree in logistics from the 44 00:01:41,018 --> 00:01:42,907 Florida Institute of Technology . 45 00:01:43,240 --> 00:01:45,129 General Pernis gonna provide some 46 00:01:45,129 --> 00:01:47,240 introductory comments . And then he's 47 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:49,351 gonna be followed by Dr Hepburn , the 48 00:01:49,351 --> 00:01:51,573 head of vaccine development , following 49 00:01:51,573 --> 00:01:53,740 Dr Hepburn . General Pernis gonna come 50 00:01:53,740 --> 00:01:55,962 back specifically to talk about vaccine 51 00:01:55,962 --> 00:01:57,962 distribution , And then we're gonna 52 00:01:57,962 --> 00:02:00,129 move into a question and answer period 53 00:02:00,129 --> 00:02:02,351 with Ed and I asking questions and then 54 00:02:02,351 --> 00:02:04,129 after a bit will turn into your 55 00:02:04,129 --> 00:02:04,040 audience questions . And that's what 56 00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:06,096 makes it so important that you enter 57 00:02:06,096 --> 00:02:08,318 your questions that that that that that 58 00:02:08,318 --> 00:02:10,429 the right block on the platforms that 59 00:02:10,429 --> 00:02:12,429 we get to your questions that's our 60 00:02:12,429 --> 00:02:14,540 plan . And General Purna , I now turn 61 00:02:14,540 --> 00:02:16,970 the floor over to you , sir . Hey , sir . 62 00:02:16,970 --> 00:02:19,300 Thank you for that very gracious . 63 00:02:19,300 --> 00:02:21,760 Welcome on . It's a real honor for 64 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:24,580 myself and Dr Matt Hepburn to be here 65 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,670 on talk to the Heritage Foundation . Um , 66 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,220 group . So , you know , first and 67 00:02:30,220 --> 00:02:32,220 foremost , it's just an honor to co 68 00:02:32,220 --> 00:02:34,840 lead this past force with , as you said , 69 00:02:34,840 --> 00:02:38,050 the mission to develop manufacturer on 70 00:02:38,050 --> 00:02:40,670 deliver safe and effective acting 71 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:43,580 vaccines to the American people . Uh , 72 00:02:43,590 --> 00:02:46,100 first and foremost , so I just wanna 73 00:02:46,100 --> 00:02:49,300 highlight this is a whole of America 74 00:02:49,310 --> 00:02:52,870 approach . Um , and in that light , I 75 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:56,190 would be remiss . Um , if I did not , 76 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:59,200 um , uh , introduce , uh , to the 77 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,280 conversation here , my other co lead , 78 00:03:02,290 --> 00:03:04,940 because without him , without all that 79 00:03:04,940 --> 00:03:06,884 he brings to the table without his 80 00:03:06,884 --> 00:03:09,420 leadership and direction , we would not 81 00:03:09,430 --> 00:03:11,950 be successful . That individuals . Dr . 82 00:03:11,950 --> 00:03:15,740 Moncef allowing truly a co 83 00:03:15,740 --> 00:03:18,150 leader with me . Hey , serves as the 84 00:03:18,150 --> 00:03:21,540 chief science advisor . Uh , every 85 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:25,120 day I learned from him , and I am at 86 00:03:25,130 --> 00:03:28,720 off , uh , what he brings to , 87 00:03:28,730 --> 00:03:32,730 uh , the task force here . His 88 00:03:32,730 --> 00:03:36,020 efforts , um tireless , uh , 89 00:03:36,030 --> 00:03:38,830 demonstrated by the progress we made 90 00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:41,150 really gonna make a difference for us . 91 00:03:41,540 --> 00:03:45,010 And in my opinion , uh , will , uh , 92 00:03:45,020 --> 00:03:47,242 desert deserves the most credit for our 93 00:03:47,242 --> 00:03:50,800 success . Well , I said , Oh , this is 94 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:54,610 a whole of America approach on DWI 95 00:03:54,610 --> 00:03:56,900 will exceed because of the unparalleled 96 00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:00,030 expertise of health and human services 97 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,560 scientists , Um and logisticians , 98 00:04:03,940 --> 00:04:05,884 Department of Defense Planning and 99 00:04:05,884 --> 00:04:09,170 Logistics Capability . Aziz . Well , as 100 00:04:09,170 --> 00:04:12,350 American industry ingenuity on the 101 00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:15,660 innovation from academia , it's this 102 00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:18,690 collective effort that will really 103 00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:21,520 ensure we're successful in our end 104 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:25,250 state on I'm proud to be a part of it . 105 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:27,807 I'd like you to think of it this way . 106 00:04:27,807 --> 00:04:30,770 Our world's best scientists and doctors 107 00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:32,940 working besides the world's best 108 00:04:32,950 --> 00:04:35,930 military . Uh , with the support of 109 00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:38,980 American industry and academia , that 110 00:04:38,990 --> 00:04:42,710 is operational warp speed . Um , 111 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:45,530 and we are really proud to be working 112 00:04:45,530 --> 00:04:48,290 together in this collective team , uh , 113 00:04:48,300 --> 00:04:51,030 to drive towards the solution of safe 114 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:53,570 and effective vaccine for the American 115 00:04:53,570 --> 00:04:56,790 people . And I am very confident that 116 00:04:56,790 --> 00:04:58,901 we are going to be successful to this 117 00:04:58,901 --> 00:05:01,660 end on today . We'd like to talk to you 118 00:05:01,660 --> 00:05:04,590 a little bit about our approach on 119 00:05:04,590 --> 00:05:07,270 where we're at this , uh , to this 120 00:05:07,280 --> 00:05:10,430 Herculean task that we've been working 121 00:05:10,430 --> 00:05:13,040 on for the last 4 to 5 months . Uh , 122 00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:16,620 and we are really just at the brink of , 123 00:05:16,630 --> 00:05:19,460 um finally seeing the fruits of our 124 00:05:19,460 --> 00:05:22,830 labor so more to follow from me . But I 125 00:05:22,830 --> 00:05:24,886 turned it back over to you . General 126 00:05:24,886 --> 00:05:25,886 sport . 127 00:05:31,740 --> 00:05:33,796 Great general partner . Thank you so 128 00:05:33,796 --> 00:05:35,962 much , Ed . Why don't you take it from 129 00:05:35,962 --> 00:05:39,510 here at thank you if I could introduced 130 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:43,310 Doctor Hepburn . He has 131 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:46,750 a undergraduate degree and 132 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,970 his medical degree from Duke University 133 00:05:49,970 --> 00:05:52,730 and a 23 year career in the United 134 00:05:52,730 --> 00:05:56,560 States Army . And in that career , he 135 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:59,820 has had extensive experience in 136 00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:01,940 developing vaccines and therapeutic 137 00:06:01,940 --> 00:06:04,030 solutions , particularly against 138 00:06:04,030 --> 00:06:07,330 current and future potential biologic 139 00:06:07,330 --> 00:06:11,260 threats , including serving as director 140 00:06:11,260 --> 00:06:13,316 of medical preparedness on the White 141 00:06:13,316 --> 00:06:15,860 House national security staff , 2010 to 142 00:06:15,860 --> 00:06:19,550 2013 also serving as clinical research 143 00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:21,550 director for the U S Army's Medical 144 00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:23,439 Research Institute for Infectious 145 00:06:23,439 --> 00:06:26,820 Diseases from 2007 to 2000 and nine . 146 00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:30,400 So he comes to his current position as 147 00:06:30,410 --> 00:06:33,050 the vaccine development lead for 148 00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:36,450 Operation Warp speed with quite a depth 149 00:06:36,450 --> 00:06:38,530 of experience in this area . Dr . 150 00:06:38,530 --> 00:06:40,641 Hepburn , thank you so much for being 151 00:06:40,641 --> 00:06:44,540 with us . It is just a privilege to 152 00:06:44,540 --> 00:06:46,660 be here and certainly looking forward 153 00:06:46,660 --> 00:06:49,720 to answering the questions . Uh , we'll 154 00:06:49,720 --> 00:06:53,540 get there soon . Um , I wanna limit my 155 00:06:53,540 --> 00:06:55,651 comments , actually , to the probably 156 00:06:55,651 --> 00:06:57,651 the most important question , or at 157 00:06:57,651 --> 00:06:59,873 least the question that I received most 158 00:06:59,873 --> 00:07:01,651 often whether it's at , uh , my 159 00:07:01,651 --> 00:07:04,490 daughter texting me from college or all 160 00:07:04,490 --> 00:07:07,080 of these different , um , public 161 00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:08,670 meetings that we've had and 162 00:07:08,670 --> 00:07:10,900 communications over the last six months 163 00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:12,956 or so . And the simple question is , 164 00:07:12,956 --> 00:07:15,011 how can you achieve the impossible ? 165 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:17,970 How can you take a vaccine development 166 00:07:17,970 --> 00:07:20,930 process that typically can take five 167 00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:23,330 years , eight years , 10 years , uh , 168 00:07:23,340 --> 00:07:25,430 and truncate that , um , into the 169 00:07:25,430 --> 00:07:28,150 timelines of Operation warp speed ? Um , 170 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:31,310 I want Thio basically put my answer 171 00:07:31,310 --> 00:07:33,930 into four categories and hopefully I 172 00:07:33,930 --> 00:07:37,560 can convince you , uh , that number one . 173 00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:39,990 We've made incredible progress so far , 174 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,540 but that we can meet the ambitious 175 00:07:43,540 --> 00:07:46,030 challenge of Operation Warp speed . So 176 00:07:46,030 --> 00:07:48,363 there's four categories of how we do it . 177 00:07:48,363 --> 00:07:50,197 The first is in terms of vaccine 178 00:07:50,197 --> 00:07:52,363 technology . I think it's very helpful 179 00:07:52,363 --> 00:07:55,540 to point out that , uh , the efforts 180 00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:58,030 that have gone on for decades in terms 181 00:07:58,030 --> 00:08:00,290 of developing vaccines we stand on the 182 00:08:00,290 --> 00:08:02,457 shoulders of giants of the people that 183 00:08:02,457 --> 00:08:04,870 worked on polio , measles , the 184 00:08:04,870 --> 00:08:07,640 smallpox eradication campaign , all of 185 00:08:07,640 --> 00:08:10,150 that that we learned in terms of how to 186 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:12,150 develop vaccines . And there's been 187 00:08:12,150 --> 00:08:14,430 massive progress even before we started 188 00:08:14,430 --> 00:08:16,597 operation warp speed . In terms of how 189 00:08:16,597 --> 00:08:19,060 you can accelerate vaccine development . 190 00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:21,596 There's been investments . This is a 191 00:08:21,596 --> 00:08:23,520 key point that the science and 192 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:25,720 technologies investments pay off . It 193 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:27,810 certainly does thes aer investments 194 00:08:27,810 --> 00:08:30,350 that have been made by health and Human 195 00:08:30,350 --> 00:08:32,294 Services with the National Suit of 196 00:08:32,294 --> 00:08:34,461 Health . And actually , I'm very proud 197 00:08:34,461 --> 00:08:36,517 of D o D investments , especially at 198 00:08:36,517 --> 00:08:38,650 DARPA . Ah , But elsewhere , um , 199 00:08:38,650 --> 00:08:41,070 investments have said How can we make 200 00:08:41,070 --> 00:08:44,110 vaccines ? ATTN . Record time . How can 201 00:08:44,110 --> 00:08:46,280 we accelerate especially the early 202 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:48,400 technologies process . And these 203 00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:51,150 investments were used for Ebola , um , 204 00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:52,993 in the Ebola vaccine development 205 00:08:52,993 --> 00:08:55,216 processes , and now I feel like they're 206 00:08:55,216 --> 00:08:57,438 really paying off . That's how we're in 207 00:08:57,438 --> 00:09:00,510 phase three clinical trials now because 208 00:09:00,510 --> 00:09:02,732 of decisions that were because of those 209 00:09:02,732 --> 00:09:06,350 investments and those technologies that 210 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:08,590 were they were started in the spring , 211 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:10,790 um , that are now really paying off 212 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:14,570 both for their ability to be developed 213 00:09:14,580 --> 00:09:16,970 quickly and prove that they work in 214 00:09:16,970 --> 00:09:19,290 animal models , but also that they 215 00:09:19,290 --> 00:09:22,040 could be manufactured at a very large 216 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:24,760 scale . The second point is , is in 217 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:27,130 terms of manufacturing . Um , we've 218 00:09:27,130 --> 00:09:29,297 talked about this a lot publicly , but 219 00:09:29,297 --> 00:09:31,530 I want to highlight , uh , not just one 220 00:09:31,530 --> 00:09:33,474 point , but to typically , what we 221 00:09:33,474 --> 00:09:35,710 highlight is instead of doing the 222 00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:38,200 typical parallel process of vaccine 223 00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:40,144 product development where you do a 224 00:09:40,144 --> 00:09:42,256 clinical trial and then you decide to 225 00:09:42,256 --> 00:09:44,200 manufacture at a larger scale than 226 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:46,144 another clinical trial than larger 227 00:09:46,144 --> 00:09:48,367 scale that we've run these processes in 228 00:09:48,367 --> 00:09:51,070 parallel and really made investments . 229 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:54,380 Um , where large amounts of vaccines 230 00:09:54,380 --> 00:09:56,730 are being made much sooner now it is 231 00:09:56,730 --> 00:09:58,897 possible that some of those vaccines , 232 00:09:58,897 --> 00:10:01,063 if they turn out , not toe work , that 233 00:10:01,063 --> 00:10:03,230 we won't use those doses . Um , but by 234 00:10:03,230 --> 00:10:06,230 those investments , were ableto have 235 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,700 millions of doses available much sooner 236 00:10:08,700 --> 00:10:11,160 than we ever would . But I think the 237 00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:12,771 second part that doesn't get 238 00:10:12,771 --> 00:10:14,660 highlighted as much is really the 239 00:10:14,660 --> 00:10:16,882 beauty of bringing together the best of 240 00:10:16,882 --> 00:10:18,938 the Department of Defense and Health 241 00:10:18,938 --> 00:10:21,640 and Human Services by bringing the as 242 00:10:21,640 --> 00:10:23,980 we talked about in the introduction the 243 00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:26,660 supply and logistic expertise of a 244 00:10:26,660 --> 00:10:29,400 globally deployed force and applying 245 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,130 that to the critical supply chain 246 00:10:32,140 --> 00:10:34,270 issues and potentially critical 247 00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:36,760 shortages in vaccine manufacturing , 248 00:10:36,770 --> 00:10:39,270 critical equipment being delivered 249 00:10:39,270 --> 00:10:41,670 months earlier than it otherwise would , 250 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:44,520 that has massively accelerated our 251 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:47,550 vaccine manufacturing timeline . The 252 00:10:47,550 --> 00:10:49,439 third is in the space of clinical 253 00:10:49,439 --> 00:10:51,439 trials , and I want a foot stump on 254 00:10:51,439 --> 00:10:53,494 this , a little bit , Um , because I 255 00:10:53,494 --> 00:10:55,439 think everybody hopefully has been 256 00:10:55,439 --> 00:10:58,100 tracking that both the AstraZeneca and 257 00:10:58,100 --> 00:11:00,211 the Jantzen clinical trials have been 258 00:11:00,211 --> 00:11:02,267 given the green light . Uh , they to 259 00:11:02,267 --> 00:11:04,160 proceed from the Food and Drug 260 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,850 Administration . Both of those products 261 00:11:06,850 --> 00:11:09,430 had been on a safety pause And that 262 00:11:09,430 --> 00:11:12,720 safety pause , uh , emphasis . That 263 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:15,190 safety boss has now been withdrawn . Um , 264 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:18,370 but it also emphasizes very much that 265 00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:20,430 the prioritization that we have safe 266 00:11:20,430 --> 00:11:22,740 and effective vaccines , that we're 267 00:11:22,740 --> 00:11:25,690 following the highest ethical standards 268 00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:28,150 to ensure that these vaccines are safe 269 00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,104 and that those clinical trials are 270 00:11:30,104 --> 00:11:32,327 conducted to the highest regulatory and 271 00:11:32,327 --> 00:11:35,100 ethical standards as well . So our 272 00:11:35,100 --> 00:11:37,156 Johnson and AstraZeneca vaccines are 273 00:11:37,156 --> 00:11:40,110 back on track . Um , these are not 274 00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:43,200 small clinical trials again . In a 275 00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:45,510 typical product development , you may 276 00:11:45,510 --> 00:11:47,610 see a vaccine trial of , let's say , 277 00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:50,350 5000 volunteers or maybe 8000 278 00:11:50,350 --> 00:11:52,670 volunteers . Our standard has been 279 00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:55,360 30,000 volunteers in our clinical 280 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:58,410 trials . That's because we want to 281 00:11:58,420 --> 00:12:01,250 gather as much safety information as we 282 00:12:01,250 --> 00:12:04,910 possibly can . And we also want to know 283 00:12:04,920 --> 00:12:07,031 if they work with the more people you 284 00:12:07,031 --> 00:12:09,500 enroll , the sooner you're going to be 285 00:12:09,500 --> 00:12:11,556 able to evaluate the effectiveness , 286 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:14,750 what we have done so far . And I think 287 00:12:14,750 --> 00:12:16,639 again , most of you have probably 288 00:12:16,639 --> 00:12:18,870 tracked this that Madonna has now 289 00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:21,410 completed their phase three clinical 290 00:12:21,410 --> 00:12:23,930 trial in terms of 30,000 patients or 291 00:12:23,930 --> 00:12:26,290 30,000 volunteers enrolled . Um , 292 00:12:26,300 --> 00:12:28,890 Pfizer , um , is still enrolling , but 293 00:12:28,890 --> 00:12:31,650 they're above 40,000 volunteers now . 294 00:12:32,140 --> 00:12:35,670 What ? That shows you for me and I I 295 00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:37,347 don't know if this message is 296 00:12:37,347 --> 00:12:39,960 appreciated , but I want to emphasize 297 00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:43,190 it is that that shows me that over 298 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:47,080 60,000 Americans have decided to say 299 00:12:47,090 --> 00:12:49,820 I will volunteer . I don't know if I'm 300 00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:51,931 going to receive the vaccine or I may 301 00:12:51,931 --> 00:12:55,550 receive ah , placebo , but that I'm 302 00:12:55,550 --> 00:12:58,350 going to do my part in fighting this 303 00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:00,870 pandemic . I think we feel 304 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:03,440 extraordinary appreciation for those 305 00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:06,520 volunteers . Um And but 306 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,000 today a zai mentioned , the Johnson and 307 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,890 AstraZeneca trials are going to need 308 00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:15,990 another many 1000 volunteers for each 309 00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:18,470 one . So we're hoping that we can send 310 00:13:18,470 --> 00:13:21,060 the message through the participants in 311 00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:23,010 this meeting of the importance in 312 00:13:23,010 --> 00:13:25,710 volunteering for vaccine clinical 313 00:13:25,710 --> 00:13:29,470 trials and to encourage , um , 314 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,100 encourage . Those were very proud of 315 00:13:32,100 --> 00:13:34,370 that spirit of volunteerism that we see 316 00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:37,460 in America . We also always emphasized 317 00:13:37,740 --> 00:13:39,890 the word volunteer means it is a 318 00:13:39,890 --> 00:13:42,650 personal choice , and no one is ever 319 00:13:42,660 --> 00:13:44,610 that everyone makes that choice 320 00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:47,400 individually . But we think this venue 321 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:49,870 and many others are great opportunities 322 00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:53,580 to strongly encourage , uh , people 323 00:13:53,580 --> 00:13:56,600 to look into that opportunity . Let me 324 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,050 give you one more specific example , um , 325 00:13:59,060 --> 00:14:01,310 for our Johnson clinical trial , we're 326 00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:04,240 having multiple sites in our VA medical 327 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:06,710 centers that will be enrolling . And 328 00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:09,240 for our nation's veterans , this is 329 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:11,710 another way that they can continue to 330 00:14:11,710 --> 00:14:14,510 serve in this way fighting event , the 331 00:14:14,510 --> 00:14:17,350 pandemic as a volunteer . My final 332 00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:19,950 point of those four on how we can 333 00:14:19,950 --> 00:14:21,839 achieve the impossible is through 334 00:14:21,839 --> 00:14:24,920 teamwork . I think this session eyes 335 00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,100 called fighting the pandemic . We're 336 00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:29,100 fighting the virus , and the way we 337 00:14:29,100 --> 00:14:31,310 fight the virus is really getting the 338 00:14:31,310 --> 00:14:33,480 best from all of us . I think what 339 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:37,340 we've seen is extraordinary integration 340 00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:39,517 and cooperation between our Department 341 00:14:39,517 --> 00:14:41,517 of Defense and our health and human 342 00:14:41,517 --> 00:14:43,739 services . It's it's that the best that 343 00:14:43,739 --> 00:14:46,040 our government has to offer . But when 344 00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:49,120 that General Purna mentions the whole 345 00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:51,470 of nation , all of us fighting this 346 00:14:51,470 --> 00:14:53,490 together , the public , the public 347 00:14:53,490 --> 00:14:55,430 sector , the private sector , the 348 00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:57,830 foundations , um , everybody all 349 00:14:57,830 --> 00:15:00,000 together fighting that virus . Um , 350 00:15:00,010 --> 00:15:02,066 I've seen some of the best team work 351 00:15:02,066 --> 00:15:04,177 that I've ever been a part of as part 352 00:15:04,177 --> 00:15:06,399 of Operation Worf Speed . And it is the 353 00:15:06,399 --> 00:15:08,510 essential fourth ingredient on how we 354 00:15:08,510 --> 00:15:09,899 achieve the impossible . 355 00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:16,940 Thank you , Dr Hepburn . 356 00:15:16,940 --> 00:15:18,996 Thank you so much for that . I'm not 357 00:15:18,996 --> 00:15:21,051 gonna invite general partner to come 358 00:15:21,051 --> 00:15:22,884 back and make some very specific 359 00:15:22,884 --> 00:15:26,060 remarks regarding vaccine over to you , 360 00:15:26,060 --> 00:15:29,260 sir . Hey , thanks , sir . I really 361 00:15:29,260 --> 00:15:32,370 what a powerful update by Dr Hepburn . 362 00:15:32,380 --> 00:15:35,170 Great teammate . Uh , that I've just 363 00:15:35,180 --> 00:15:38,450 been really blessed the work with over 364 00:15:38,450 --> 00:15:40,460 the last five months . So , Matt , 365 00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:43,320 thank you . Um , so I'd like to touch 366 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:46,140 up . I'd like to quickly hit where , uh , 367 00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:48,900 Dr Hepburn talked about manufacturing . 368 00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:50,678 I know it's not lost on anybody 369 00:15:50,678 --> 00:15:53,490 listening to this conversation , but in 370 00:15:53,490 --> 00:15:56,250 order to really take the risk and 371 00:15:56,250 --> 00:15:58,670 manufacturing , we had to do a lot of 372 00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:02,540 things . Uh , parallel . Hey described . 373 00:16:02,540 --> 00:16:04,920 I thought incredibly well , the risk 374 00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:07,040 that we took in that you know , we 375 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:10,120 proceeded with , uh , six vaccines 376 00:16:10,130 --> 00:16:12,030 while simultaneously , uh , 377 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,960 implementing the manufacturing capacity 378 00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,270 that was required to meet our mission . 379 00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:21,400 So just simply said right , we had to 380 00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:24,750 make sure , um , that we had the right 381 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:28,350 capacity to manufacture the vaccine , 382 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:30,850 which we didn't have five months ago . 383 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:33,500 So we have done . We have added 384 00:16:33,510 --> 00:16:35,920 actually added brick and mortar 385 00:16:35,930 --> 00:16:38,160 capacity . In other words , we have 386 00:16:38,170 --> 00:16:41,960 built facilities from the ground up to 387 00:16:41,960 --> 00:16:44,930 produce and fill finished vaccine . We 388 00:16:44,930 --> 00:16:48,430 have garnered all the materials 389 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:52,080 required to produce the six vaccines , 390 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:56,150 right ? Not on Lee to execute trial , 391 00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:59,430 um , trials , but also to bring it up 392 00:16:59,430 --> 00:17:02,690 to scale and full manufacturing for 393 00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:04,811 eventual distribution to the American 394 00:17:04,811 --> 00:17:08,120 people on . Then we had to accumulate 395 00:17:08,120 --> 00:17:11,520 the right equipment . Um , for all the 396 00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:15,130 manufacturing that we put together , um 397 00:17:15,140 --> 00:17:17,720 And then the last stage of that was 398 00:17:17,730 --> 00:17:19,952 making sure we have the right workforce 399 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:23,360 that was trained and ready Thio produce . 400 00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:27,260 Um , and actually , manufacturer on 401 00:17:27,260 --> 00:17:29,820 Phil finished the vaccine . So really a 402 00:17:29,820 --> 00:17:33,040 remarkable task on its own . Uh , in 403 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,180 this effort , what we did is we did 404 00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:38,710 implemented Defense Production Act 405 00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:41,180 authorities , um , you know , with O . 406 00:17:41,180 --> 00:17:43,740 W s through the Secretary of Health and 407 00:17:43,740 --> 00:17:45,950 you the services and the Secretary of 408 00:17:45,950 --> 00:17:49,180 Defense . Today we've implemented 12 409 00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,420 um , with industry and we're working 410 00:17:52,430 --> 00:17:55,770 eight mawr . So it is , um , this 411 00:17:55,780 --> 00:17:58,680 effort that has allowed us thio 412 00:17:59,140 --> 00:18:02,520 prioritized contracts , prioritized 413 00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:06,050 materials , um , authorize uh , 414 00:18:06,060 --> 00:18:09,340 control of scarce and critical 415 00:18:09,350 --> 00:18:13,280 materials on , then drive industry to 416 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:16,320 expand production and supply resource 417 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:20,150 is which I think will be a t end of day . 418 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:22,590 Uh , really critical to our overall 419 00:18:22,590 --> 00:18:25,660 success . Um , we've received nothing 420 00:18:25,660 --> 00:18:28,230 but absolute support in this light . 421 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,150 Whether it was permission from higher 422 00:18:31,150 --> 00:18:34,650 to do so , uh , one or the 423 00:18:34,650 --> 00:18:38,520 execution by our industry partners , Um 424 00:18:38,530 --> 00:18:40,550 uh , to do day to day business . So 425 00:18:40,550 --> 00:18:43,680 really remarkable effort . Collectively , 426 00:18:43,690 --> 00:18:46,930 by again , the whole of America 427 00:18:46,940 --> 00:18:49,390 highlighted , uh , particularly in this 428 00:18:49,390 --> 00:18:53,170 part by industry . So , um , let's 429 00:18:53,180 --> 00:18:55,124 let's assume that we're gonna have 430 00:18:55,124 --> 00:18:57,860 vaccine available . Um , you know where 431 00:18:57,860 --> 00:19:00,490 science will drive the safety and the 432 00:19:00,490 --> 00:19:03,170 efficacy of the vaccine . Is Dr Hepburn 433 00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:05,930 talked about ? Let's assume that we 434 00:19:05,930 --> 00:19:08,320 have quantities of vaccine available to 435 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:12,290 go upon FDA approval of EU 436 00:19:12,290 --> 00:19:14,900 A What is next , right ? It goes 437 00:19:14,900 --> 00:19:16,900 without saying , but it will be the 438 00:19:16,900 --> 00:19:20,280 distribution of vaccine across all of 439 00:19:20,280 --> 00:19:23,140 America , um , to include 440 00:19:23,150 --> 00:19:26,440 territories , uh , and major 441 00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:29,680 cities , large metropolitan areas . 442 00:19:29,690 --> 00:19:33,160 Um , and it just a herculean task on 443 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:36,130 its own . So , you know , what do we do ? 444 00:19:36,140 --> 00:19:39,050 We We thought through the process , 445 00:19:39,050 --> 00:19:41,360 there was many courses of action , but 446 00:19:41,360 --> 00:19:43,304 at the end of the day , I made the 447 00:19:43,304 --> 00:19:46,070 decision that we were going to utilize 448 00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:49,230 the commercial industry that was most 449 00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:52,760 capable of implementing this task . 450 00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:54,830 Right ? And so there was three large 451 00:19:54,830 --> 00:19:57,480 companies , all capable . All three of 452 00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:00,160 them are playing a role in vaccine 453 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,630 distribution as well as therapeutic 454 00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:05,680 distribution . But the primary , um , 455 00:20:05,740 --> 00:20:07,920 industry partner for distribution will 456 00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:10,640 be McKesson on . McKesson is well 457 00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:13,760 versed on how to do this . Uh , at the 458 00:20:13,760 --> 00:20:16,170 end of the day , I chose it because 459 00:20:16,180 --> 00:20:18,500 they know how to do it . They have 460 00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:21,950 experience doing it thio , Uh , at the 461 00:20:21,950 --> 00:20:23,728 end of it , we wanna be able to 462 00:20:23,728 --> 00:20:25,783 transition to them down the road for 463 00:20:25,783 --> 00:20:29,280 routine effort . Uh , and then third , 464 00:20:29,290 --> 00:20:32,890 and most importantly , is that the 465 00:20:32,900 --> 00:20:36,200 states are very comfortable with 466 00:20:36,210 --> 00:20:38,870 dealing with the commercial industry . 467 00:20:38,940 --> 00:20:41,420 A Z , we do all sorts of vaccines and 468 00:20:41,420 --> 00:20:43,364 therapeutics throughout the year . 469 00:20:43,364 --> 00:20:47,030 Accordingly . Um , And so , uh , in 470 00:20:47,030 --> 00:20:49,450 fact , I just let Dr Slowly and I were 471 00:20:49,450 --> 00:20:52,750 visiting with custom yesterday down in 472 00:20:52,750 --> 00:20:55,340 Tennessee , Memphis , Tennessee , on we 473 00:20:55,340 --> 00:20:59,070 got to see firsthand a brand new , uh , 474 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:01,880 distribution warehouse . Uh , that's 475 00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:05,680 included freezers that could go down to 476 00:21:05,690 --> 00:21:09,630 minus 80 and minus 20 on then have 477 00:21:09,630 --> 00:21:12,460 the facilities really distribute across 478 00:21:12,460 --> 00:21:15,530 to America ? The custom will partner 479 00:21:15,530 --> 00:21:19,210 with FedEx . Um , and with ups for 480 00:21:19,210 --> 00:21:21,260 distribution . Not only Conus , but 481 00:21:21,260 --> 00:21:24,490 around the world . Aziz . Well , as 482 00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:28,120 local pharma . Walmart , C B . 483 00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:31,170 S , um , Walgreens , 484 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,330 Grover's etcetera . Um , Thio ensure 485 00:21:35,330 --> 00:21:38,450 that distribution can reach everybody . 486 00:21:38,940 --> 00:21:41,220 Um , for tenants of the distribution 487 00:21:41,220 --> 00:21:43,280 strategy that I gave the team as we 488 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:46,140 were working , planning waas first and 489 00:21:46,140 --> 00:21:48,860 foremost , we needed to understand . We 490 00:21:48,860 --> 00:21:51,082 need that visibility and control of all 491 00:21:51,082 --> 00:21:53,670 vaccines . We need to know where every 492 00:21:53,670 --> 00:21:57,160 vile waas , whether it was in the 493 00:21:57,170 --> 00:22:00,380 factory or it was on a truck or it has 494 00:22:00,380 --> 00:22:02,602 been distributed down to administration 495 00:22:02,602 --> 00:22:06,560 site . We must have 100% accountability 496 00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:10,480 of all vaccines . Uh , every 497 00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,220 day . Second , we must be able to track 498 00:22:13,220 --> 00:22:15,970 the uptake of vaccine , um , two 499 00:22:15,970 --> 00:22:19,870 persons out in America . Two reasons 500 00:22:19,870 --> 00:22:23,170 for this first and foremost , um , 501 00:22:23,180 --> 00:22:25,790 because the five of the six or to those 502 00:22:25,790 --> 00:22:28,560 vaccines , we need to make sure that 503 00:22:28,570 --> 00:22:31,780 people are registered to the vaccine 504 00:22:31,790 --> 00:22:34,720 that they were administered on . That 505 00:22:34,730 --> 00:22:38,330 there is a fail safe check in checks 506 00:22:38,330 --> 00:22:40,330 and balances to make sure when they 507 00:22:40,330 --> 00:22:43,970 come back 21 or 28 days later , Uh , 508 00:22:43,980 --> 00:22:46,660 that they get the right vaccine , Uh , 509 00:22:46,670 --> 00:22:49,230 for their second dose . The second 510 00:22:49,230 --> 00:22:51,560 point waas is we want to manage the 511 00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:54,300 flow of vaccine to the American people 512 00:22:54,340 --> 00:22:56,800 Initially were gonna have tens of 513 00:22:56,800 --> 00:22:59,170 millions of doses available come 514 00:22:59,170 --> 00:23:02,440 December . But come January , February 515 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,270 March , it will quickly , um , and 516 00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:07,437 exponentially increase the hundreds of 517 00:23:07,437 --> 00:23:09,630 millions of doses . Eso It'll be 518 00:23:09,630 --> 00:23:11,920 essential that we maintain the right 519 00:23:11,930 --> 00:23:15,230 flow of vaccine to the American 520 00:23:15,230 --> 00:23:19,030 people . So tracking the uptake Third , 521 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:21,850 we must make sure that we have 522 00:23:21,850 --> 00:23:25,730 traceability of the vaccine on that We 523 00:23:25,730 --> 00:23:29,390 know , uh , where where the 524 00:23:29,390 --> 00:23:33,120 vaccine is going at all times . Um , it 525 00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:35,231 will be a hot commodity , of course , 526 00:23:35,231 --> 00:23:37,930 and we needed to get to the places , um , 527 00:23:37,940 --> 00:23:41,220 where it will be distributed based on 528 00:23:41,220 --> 00:23:45,030 state priorities on requirements in 529 00:23:45,030 --> 00:23:46,530 accordance with safety and 530 00:23:46,530 --> 00:23:49,400 effectiveness off the vaccine . And 531 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:51,760 then last , we wanna be able to cover 532 00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:55,630 all parts of America whether you're in 533 00:23:55,630 --> 00:23:58,850 the Pacific , in remote islands , 534 00:23:58,860 --> 00:24:02,710 uh , in the Pacific or down in , you 535 00:24:02,710 --> 00:24:05,310 know , in the Atlantic we want to be 536 00:24:05,310 --> 00:24:07,700 able to get to those islands . We wanna 537 00:24:07,700 --> 00:24:10,760 be able to get toe all of Conus America , 538 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:13,570 whether it's in the metropolitan cities 539 00:24:13,570 --> 00:24:16,960 or rural America . Uh , and we wanna be 540 00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:19,071 able to make sure we could distribute 541 00:24:19,071 --> 00:24:21,980 to those American citizens who were 542 00:24:21,980 --> 00:24:24,160 overseas , you know , serving in the 543 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,360 Department of Defense or State 544 00:24:26,360 --> 00:24:28,990 Department etcetera . So we had to have 545 00:24:28,990 --> 00:24:31,370 coverage . Those were the four major 546 00:24:31,370 --> 00:24:33,690 tenants for our planning . The last 547 00:24:33,690 --> 00:24:35,912 thing I'll leave you with before I turn 548 00:24:35,912 --> 00:24:38,870 it back over for questions . Um , this 549 00:24:38,870 --> 00:24:41,410 is different . Azzawi distribute this 550 00:24:41,410 --> 00:24:44,160 vaccine than the normal routine 551 00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:47,240 execution of something like influenza 552 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:50,030 vaccine . Um , the distribution of 553 00:24:50,030 --> 00:24:52,940 influenza vaccine on an annual basis is 554 00:24:52,950 --> 00:24:56,420 a pole method . In other words , 555 00:24:56,430 --> 00:25:00,320 farmers , farm pharmacies , 556 00:25:00,330 --> 00:25:03,480 doctor's offices , hospitals will 557 00:25:03,490 --> 00:25:06,070 register and request certain amounts of 558 00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:09,350 vaccine on will be delivered to them 559 00:25:09,350 --> 00:25:12,900 directly by industry . What we've done 560 00:25:12,910 --> 00:25:15,980 since we have purchases doses from from 561 00:25:15,980 --> 00:25:19,270 industry , what we're gonna do is push 562 00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,400 right . We're gonna allocate equitably 563 00:25:22,410 --> 00:25:25,640 vaccine doses , toe all of America 564 00:25:25,650 --> 00:25:28,410 simultaneously and as doses become 565 00:25:28,410 --> 00:25:31,890 available , were pushing down and 566 00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:35,450 out thio the United States of America . 567 00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,530 Eventually , this will transition to a 568 00:25:38,530 --> 00:25:41,900 pole , but probably not likely any 569 00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:45,180 earlier than March April timeframe . Uh , 570 00:25:45,180 --> 00:25:48,430 and so , um , we must ensure that we 571 00:25:48,430 --> 00:25:52,150 have , uh very intricate . Uh , 572 00:25:52,150 --> 00:25:55,750 and Inter Cole , um , distribution 573 00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:58,660 process , um , to meet the four tenants . 574 00:25:58,660 --> 00:26:02,270 As I described Bill Thio 575 00:26:03,140 --> 00:26:05,800 ensure the constant flow of vaccine has 576 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:08,870 it's available on . Then make sure that 577 00:26:08,880 --> 00:26:11,102 everybody gets the right vaccine at the 578 00:26:11,102 --> 00:26:13,240 right time . So that concludes my 579 00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:16,440 comments . And I I'm really grateful 580 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:18,551 and welcome to any questions that you 581 00:26:18,551 --> 00:26:20,370 might have over 582 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,751 great general . Part of that was that 583 00:26:24,751 --> 00:26:26,696 was awesome . General Hepburn also 584 00:26:26,696 --> 00:26:28,862 thank you so much . We're not going to 585 00:26:28,862 --> 00:26:30,918 go to some questions from Ed and I , 586 00:26:30,918 --> 00:26:33,084 but the questions were also rolling in 587 00:26:33,084 --> 00:26:32,840 from the audience that we're gonna 588 00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:35,070 quickly cut to those and , uh but we're 589 00:26:35,070 --> 00:26:37,181 just gonna ask a couple of get things 590 00:26:37,181 --> 00:26:39,670 warmed up . And so my first question is 591 00:26:39,670 --> 00:26:41,892 to you , general person , and it's your 592 00:26:41,892 --> 00:26:43,837 humble man . I know you don't like 593 00:26:43,837 --> 00:26:46,003 talking about yourself , frankly , but 594 00:26:46,003 --> 00:26:47,930 this is really a personal kind of 595 00:26:47,930 --> 00:26:50,810 question . You were . You were weeks 596 00:26:50,810 --> 00:26:53,050 away from retiring from the Army after 597 00:26:53,050 --> 00:26:57,050 a distinguished 39 year career army 598 00:26:57,050 --> 00:26:59,220 career . When you got a call from the 599 00:26:59,220 --> 00:27:01,276 president that he wanted you to help 600 00:27:01,276 --> 00:27:03,710 lead operation warp speed . And you 601 00:27:03,710 --> 00:27:05,488 know , I'm guessing many of the 602 00:27:05,488 --> 00:27:07,654 listeners on this webinar might face a 603 00:27:07,654 --> 00:27:09,543 similar kind of moment when there 604 00:27:09,543 --> 00:27:11,770 unexpectedly hit with a new task a new 605 00:27:11,770 --> 00:27:14,150 mission that they they probably never 606 00:27:14,150 --> 00:27:16,150 in their wildest dreams expected to 607 00:27:16,150 --> 00:27:18,500 face . And they had to pivot to a new 608 00:27:18,500 --> 00:27:20,722 environment , a new set of challenges . 609 00:27:20,722 --> 00:27:22,833 I know they'd love to hear from you , 610 00:27:22,833 --> 00:27:25,020 you know ? How did you get this news ? 611 00:27:25,020 --> 00:27:27,131 How did you get your head around this 612 00:27:27,131 --> 00:27:29,140 new mission and and how How did you 613 00:27:29,140 --> 00:27:31,307 prioritize what you had to do first in 614 00:27:31,307 --> 00:27:33,650 this new , immense mission that you 615 00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:37,400 were given ? Thank you . Eso , 616 00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:40,140 sir . What a great question . I still 617 00:27:40,140 --> 00:27:42,362 remember . You know , we all have those 618 00:27:42,362 --> 00:27:44,418 moments where you know exactly where 619 00:27:44,418 --> 00:27:46,529 you were when the phone rang . I know 620 00:27:46,529 --> 00:27:48,640 exactly where I waas . Um , and Susan 621 00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,060 and I were transitioning , uh , into 622 00:27:51,060 --> 00:27:54,890 our a time thought retirement home . It 623 00:27:54,890 --> 00:27:57,640 was a weekend . It was about a week 624 00:27:57,650 --> 00:27:59,750 before the announcement by the 625 00:27:59,750 --> 00:28:03,300 president , um , in the Rose Garden 626 00:28:03,310 --> 00:28:07,010 on And I was asked , uh Thio , you know , 627 00:28:07,010 --> 00:28:09,540 if I would be interested , of course . 628 00:28:09,550 --> 00:28:13,010 Um , immediately , without hesitation , 629 00:28:13,020 --> 00:28:15,870 uh , with full support by Susan who , 630 00:28:15,870 --> 00:28:18,037 by the way , was sitting right next to 631 00:28:18,037 --> 00:28:20,420 me when I got the call . You know , it 632 00:28:20,420 --> 00:28:22,660 was an immediate Yes . I am honored and 633 00:28:22,660 --> 00:28:26,260 humbled to do so on , quite frankly , 634 00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:28,460 greatly privileged . The co lead this 635 00:28:28,460 --> 00:28:31,240 effort with Dr Moncef so allowing who 636 00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:34,170 is just as I said earlier . Remarkable 637 00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:37,210 leader and scientists . Um , you know , 638 00:28:37,220 --> 00:28:40,370 quickly , Andi and people who know me 639 00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:43,600 and read the bio can speculate 640 00:28:43,610 --> 00:28:46,050 why I was picked 641 00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:49,830 primarily . Probably Thio 642 00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:53,530 enable manufacturing distribution . Um , 643 00:28:53,540 --> 00:28:57,090 but , uh , it is also about the 644 00:28:57,090 --> 00:28:59,680 collective leadership and experiences 645 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:01,984 of , you know , all the years I've 646 00:29:01,984 --> 00:29:05,430 served . Um and so I would tell you 647 00:29:05,430 --> 00:29:08,550 that my experiences 648 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:11,390 I've really contributed to what I've 649 00:29:11,390 --> 00:29:14,480 done . My instincts that I've developed 650 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,250 over the years have enabled , uh , and 651 00:29:17,250 --> 00:29:20,630 supported decision making . Um , but in 652 00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:24,230 partnership with Dr Salah , we we've 653 00:29:24,230 --> 00:29:27,180 been able to really just put , um , 654 00:29:27,190 --> 00:29:30,780 really numerous pieces together , Um , 655 00:29:30,790 --> 00:29:32,770 uh , simultaneously , uh , 656 00:29:32,780 --> 00:29:35,310 understanding , really teaching each 657 00:29:35,310 --> 00:29:38,930 other . Uh , and as Matt Hepburn said , 658 00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:41,450 um , what ? I'm finding them to be most 659 00:29:41,450 --> 00:29:43,960 rewarding . You know , I've really been 660 00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:46,230 proud of working for what I've always 661 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,240 called the team of teams the United 662 00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:50,790 States Army . But as Matt Hepburn said , 663 00:29:50,790 --> 00:29:54,280 I have never ever worked with a 664 00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,310 greater collective group of 665 00:29:57,310 --> 00:30:00,180 professionals . Whether scientists , 666 00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:02,370 doctors , um 667 00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:05,950 uh , military 668 00:30:05,950 --> 00:30:09,230 persons , um , industry and really 669 00:30:09,230 --> 00:30:11,860 academia . That's why it is so exciting 670 00:30:11,860 --> 00:30:14,530 to do what I'm doing . Uh , and then at 671 00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:16,697 the end of the day , uh , sir , I know 672 00:30:16,697 --> 00:30:20,690 you know this , but it's 673 00:30:20,690 --> 00:30:24,170 just a calling , right ? And , you know , 674 00:30:24,180 --> 00:30:27,470 this is about saving American lives . 675 00:30:27,940 --> 00:30:30,710 And for may , it is a focused effort to 676 00:30:30,710 --> 00:30:34,270 do so , uh , and it is this great 677 00:30:34,270 --> 00:30:37,020 collaborative effort egos or checked at 678 00:30:37,020 --> 00:30:40,670 the door . Uh , and we are working this 679 00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:44,060 together to an in state that will bring 680 00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:47,950 America , uh , back to a healthy state . 681 00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:50,800 So thanks for that question . I 682 00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:54,250 probably underestimated the impact if 683 00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,870 Susan's listening . Um , but I really 684 00:30:56,870 --> 00:30:58,981 appreciate her support because she is 685 00:30:58,981 --> 00:31:01,680 listening . Eso Thanks , sir . 686 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:04,090 Yeah , 687 00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:12,550 she Hey , why don't you go ahead with a 688 00:31:12,550 --> 00:31:15,500 question ? Yeah . Thank you . I've been 689 00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:17,556 scrolling through the ones that from 690 00:31:17,556 --> 00:31:20,990 our audience so on , some folks have 691 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:23,167 questions that are very similar to the 692 00:31:23,167 --> 00:31:25,222 ones that are on my mind , Dr Pepper 693 00:31:25,222 --> 00:31:27,222 and I'd like to ask you a couple of 694 00:31:27,222 --> 00:31:29,389 things that really is very much in the 695 00:31:29,389 --> 00:31:31,500 forefront . Not only of our listeners 696 00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:33,556 on this , but the general public and 697 00:31:33,556 --> 00:31:35,444 that is some of the safety issues 698 00:31:35,444 --> 00:31:37,667 around here . I think one of the things 699 00:31:37,667 --> 00:31:39,833 that's gotten overlooked , maybe , and 700 00:31:39,833 --> 00:31:41,722 you sort of touched on it in your 701 00:31:41,722 --> 00:31:43,778 remarks is that what most people are 702 00:31:43,778 --> 00:31:46,780 used to in terms of vaccines , that 703 00:31:46,780 --> 00:31:48,891 they got his Children or flu vaccines 704 00:31:48,891 --> 00:31:52,190 or things like that is a different now . 705 00:31:52,190 --> 00:31:54,301 We have very different technologies , 706 00:31:54,301 --> 00:31:56,468 and some of these air new technologies 707 00:31:56,468 --> 00:31:58,640 that air really being applied for the 708 00:31:58,640 --> 00:32:01,820 first time in vaccine development such 709 00:32:01,820 --> 00:32:05,070 as messenger , R N A . And I would like , 710 00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:07,740 if possible , for you to address the 711 00:32:07,740 --> 00:32:10,740 concerns that people have G I got a 712 00:32:10,750 --> 00:32:12,972 infection from the vaccine or something 713 00:32:12,972 --> 00:32:15,710 like that . Would , you know , what are 714 00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:17,780 those concerns , Um , 715 00:32:18,540 --> 00:32:21,970 relative to these new vaccines ? How 716 00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:23,480 How's the safety profile ? 717 00:32:27,940 --> 00:32:29,996 Yeah , So , first of all , thank you 718 00:32:29,996 --> 00:32:32,107 for the question . And I think , um , 719 00:32:32,107 --> 00:32:33,996 the , uh , probably make a couple 720 00:32:33,996 --> 00:32:36,218 points and happy to elaborate further . 721 00:32:36,218 --> 00:32:38,273 I think , um , I want to actually go 722 00:32:38,273 --> 00:32:40,440 back to one of my previous comments in 723 00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,440 terms of volunteers and in terms of 724 00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:45,110 clinical trials . I think maybe most 725 00:32:45,110 --> 00:32:47,330 people understand . But to state it 726 00:32:47,330 --> 00:32:51,060 clearly that with every every 727 00:32:51,060 --> 00:32:53,090 vaccine that's been administered as 728 00:32:53,090 --> 00:32:55,140 part of Operation Warp Speed , it's 729 00:32:55,140 --> 00:32:57,473 done in the context of a clinical trial . 730 00:32:57,940 --> 00:33:00,051 What that starts with is that someone 731 00:33:00,051 --> 00:33:02,530 makes that individual decision and says , 732 00:33:02,530 --> 00:33:05,660 I'm willing to sign up as part of that 733 00:33:05,660 --> 00:33:08,280 process . We explained the risks and 734 00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,650 the potential benefits in detail . But 735 00:33:10,650 --> 00:33:13,090 we also acknowledge that we don't know 736 00:33:13,090 --> 00:33:15,700 everything there is to know about thes 737 00:33:15,700 --> 00:33:18,540 vaccine . Um , it really again goes 738 00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:20,651 back to that spirit of volunteerism . 739 00:33:20,651 --> 00:33:22,762 We appreciate people that are willing 740 00:33:22,762 --> 00:33:24,873 to do that , um , as part of this a z 741 00:33:24,873 --> 00:33:27,710 part of developing these vaccines . But 742 00:33:27,710 --> 00:33:30,270 what we also do , um , for their 743 00:33:30,270 --> 00:33:32,910 willingness to volunteer is we monitor 744 00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:36,040 them extremely closely to make sure 745 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:38,180 that they're not having side effects 746 00:33:38,190 --> 00:33:39,860 and to make sure we're truly 747 00:33:39,860 --> 00:33:42,310 understanding Um , the impact of these 748 00:33:42,310 --> 00:33:45,870 vaccines . Um so when we when we say 749 00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:48,190 30,000 patients what we're talking 750 00:33:48,190 --> 00:33:50,850 about or 30,000 volunteers were saying 751 00:33:50,850 --> 00:33:53,220 that 15,000 of those volunteers have 752 00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:56,690 received a placebo , but 15,000 753 00:33:56,700 --> 00:33:59,460 volunteers have already received these 754 00:33:59,460 --> 00:34:01,550 vaccines and we're watching them 755 00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:04,440 literally on a daily basis , um , to 756 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:07,440 say , how are the vaccines going , okay ? 757 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:09,662 Are we seeing side effects from them or 758 00:34:09,662 --> 00:34:11,829 not ? So I think that that's the first 759 00:34:11,829 --> 00:34:14,310 point . Is that that safety standard ? 760 00:34:14,310 --> 00:34:15,977 And then and then all of that 761 00:34:15,977 --> 00:34:19,060 information is packaged , processed and 762 00:34:19,060 --> 00:34:21,116 ultimately presented to the Food and 763 00:34:21,116 --> 00:34:23,660 Drug Administration for an independent . 764 00:34:23,670 --> 00:34:25,900 And I say again , independent 765 00:34:25,910 --> 00:34:29,090 evaluation , um , to make sure that 766 00:34:29,090 --> 00:34:31,180 these vaccines air safe . Um , the 767 00:34:31,180 --> 00:34:34,330 second point is in terms of , uh , new 768 00:34:34,330 --> 00:34:37,500 technologies , um , and and vaccine 769 00:34:37,510 --> 00:34:39,843 sort of vaccine technologies in general . 770 00:34:39,843 --> 00:34:43,600 Um , that we have been a zai previously 771 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:45,878 mentioned . And as you mentioned , sir , 772 00:34:45,878 --> 00:34:48,000 um , that there are very traditional 773 00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,000 ways of making vaccines , but we've 774 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,300 also seen a lot of progress , Um , that 775 00:34:52,300 --> 00:34:54,580 are accelerating , allowing us to make 776 00:34:54,580 --> 00:34:57,440 vaccines faster . One of the benefits 777 00:34:57,450 --> 00:34:59,561 that we think we're going to see from 778 00:34:59,561 --> 00:35:01,506 this is that it also may make thes 779 00:35:01,506 --> 00:35:04,460 vaccines safer as well . And what we've 780 00:35:04,460 --> 00:35:06,349 seen with the products that we've 781 00:35:06,349 --> 00:35:10,050 chosen , um , not for cove in 19 782 00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:13,530 but for other pathogens that these 783 00:35:13,530 --> 00:35:15,740 vaccines have been tested in clinical 784 00:35:15,740 --> 00:35:18,850 trials and have shown us , uh , that 785 00:35:18,850 --> 00:35:21,660 they are effective for other pathogens , 786 00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:25,760 but also safe eso the essentially for 787 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:28,000 each of the vaccines in our portfolio . 788 00:35:28,010 --> 00:35:31,120 We've said Okay , Have you used this 789 00:35:31,130 --> 00:35:34,000 similar technology for an Ebola vaccine 790 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,320 or something like that ? And we look at 791 00:35:36,330 --> 00:35:38,740 the detailed safety profile of every 792 00:35:38,740 --> 00:35:41,130 person that received those vaccines , 793 00:35:41,140 --> 00:35:44,460 and the safety profiles have looked to 794 00:35:44,460 --> 00:35:47,450 be safe so far . Um , ultimately , 795 00:35:47,450 --> 00:35:51,050 though , uh , we're not only saying 796 00:35:51,060 --> 00:35:53,227 we're looking at these vaccines in the 797 00:35:53,227 --> 00:35:56,020 short term for clinical trials , but as 798 00:35:56,020 --> 00:35:59,720 part of the regulatory process , the 799 00:35:59,720 --> 00:36:01,498 Food and Drug Administration is 800 00:36:01,498 --> 00:36:04,440 providing guidance in terms of how will 801 00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:06,710 we follow these people out for the 802 00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:08,950 longer term ? Um , it's called Phar 803 00:36:08,950 --> 00:36:11,530 Maco vigilance and that again , like 804 00:36:11,540 --> 00:36:13,707 any other vaccine , we're meeting that 805 00:36:13,707 --> 00:36:17,270 highest that highest standard eso that 806 00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:21,220 the long term safety will be followed 807 00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:24,170 according to regulation . Yeah , and I 808 00:36:24,170 --> 00:36:26,337 think that gets that some of the other 809 00:36:26,337 --> 00:36:28,503 concerns that we've heard expressed by 810 00:36:28,503 --> 00:36:31,030 people , which is that if this whole 811 00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:33,360 process operation warp speed is pushing 812 00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:36,270 things along at a fast pace , then does 813 00:36:36,270 --> 00:36:38,437 that imply the corners are being cut , 814 00:36:38,437 --> 00:36:40,603 that it may not be safe , etcetera And 815 00:36:40,603 --> 00:36:43,060 I think what is not fully appreciated 816 00:36:43,060 --> 00:36:46,210 is Aziz You mentioned the 817 00:36:46,220 --> 00:36:49,770 technology is being used . Allow for 818 00:36:49,770 --> 00:36:53,340 faster , uh , mass production 819 00:36:53,350 --> 00:36:55,930 than has historically been the case 820 00:36:55,930 --> 00:36:58,570 with vaccines . Uh , that , in some 821 00:36:58,570 --> 00:37:01,140 cases , just because of the nature of 822 00:37:01,140 --> 00:37:03,380 the technology , there's a somewhat 823 00:37:03,380 --> 00:37:05,760 better safety profile . And I think you 824 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:08,050 address two things in your comments 825 00:37:08,060 --> 00:37:12,030 about the speed one is that they're 826 00:37:12,030 --> 00:37:14,670 taking steps in parallel instead of in 827 00:37:14,670 --> 00:37:16,726 sequence . And the risk to that is , 828 00:37:16,726 --> 00:37:19,020 well , we may , you know , be paying 829 00:37:19,020 --> 00:37:21,131 money for stuff that turns out to not 830 00:37:21,131 --> 00:37:23,353 work , but a you know , better try five 831 00:37:23,353 --> 00:37:25,464 things and wait for one to fail , and 832 00:37:25,464 --> 00:37:28,200 then try another on the other point , 833 00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:30,256 though . And I want to drill down on 834 00:37:30,256 --> 00:37:32,478 that is the clinical trials . It sounds 835 00:37:32,478 --> 00:37:35,640 like if I'm correct in hearing you that 836 00:37:35,650 --> 00:37:39,280 essentially , to expedite the 837 00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:42,070 process , you all are the or the 838 00:37:42,070 --> 00:37:44,040 vaccine candidates , and and their 839 00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:47,760 sponsors are doing larger trials than 840 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:49,927 they would normally at this stage . Is 841 00:37:49,927 --> 00:37:52,820 that correct ? Yes , sir . Yes , sir . 842 00:37:52,820 --> 00:37:54,709 We , uh we agree with all of your 843 00:37:54,709 --> 00:37:56,876 points , and and if I could just add a 844 00:37:56,876 --> 00:37:59,042 couple points , uh , we're not cutting 845 00:37:59,042 --> 00:38:02,440 corners on safety . We're not cutting 846 00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:04,980 corners on the quality of the 847 00:38:04,980 --> 00:38:07,036 manufactured product . Those will be 848 00:38:07,036 --> 00:38:09,036 done to the highest standards . And 849 00:38:09,036 --> 00:38:11,360 we're not cutting corners in terms of 850 00:38:11,370 --> 00:38:13,750 what would be expected from a 851 00:38:13,750 --> 00:38:15,750 regulatory authority , the Food and 852 00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:17,972 Drug Administration , which I think has 853 00:38:17,972 --> 00:38:20,083 the highest standard in the world for 854 00:38:20,083 --> 00:38:22,790 medical products . Um , we're going to 855 00:38:22,790 --> 00:38:25,480 meet those standards . Um , I think 856 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:28,380 it's an important message . Andi , I 857 00:38:28,380 --> 00:38:30,880 think we are practicing what we preach . 858 00:38:30,890 --> 00:38:33,390 Um , I think one of the things that we 859 00:38:33,390 --> 00:38:35,501 would also highlight is that the Food 860 00:38:35,501 --> 00:38:37,612 and Drug Administration has published 861 00:38:37,612 --> 00:38:39,612 guidelines , and that said , Here's 862 00:38:39,612 --> 00:38:41,940 what we're going to expect for a cove 863 00:38:41,940 --> 00:38:45,440 in 19 The the FDA has also had ah , 864 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,810 public meeting last week where they had 865 00:38:47,810 --> 00:38:50,310 an open dialogue about . Here's how 866 00:38:50,310 --> 00:38:52,477 we're going to evaluate these products 867 00:38:52,477 --> 00:38:55,340 and here's Here's why . Um , we have 868 00:38:55,340 --> 00:38:58,160 also with the products , um , in the 869 00:38:58,170 --> 00:39:00,470 earlier phases of clinical trials and 870 00:39:00,470 --> 00:39:03,120 in there pre clinical development , the 871 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:05,780 company's air publishing , publishing 872 00:39:05,780 --> 00:39:08,113 their results in peer reviewed journals . 873 00:39:08,113 --> 00:39:10,336 All of this not only is showing that we 874 00:39:10,336 --> 00:39:13,720 don't cut corners , but I strongly feel 875 00:39:13,730 --> 00:39:15,952 this has been an incredibly transparent 876 00:39:15,952 --> 00:39:17,960 process so that people will have 877 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:20,510 confidence in the vaccines that were 878 00:39:20,510 --> 00:39:23,230 generated , and my second point is yes , 879 00:39:23,230 --> 00:39:25,286 to answer your question . Thes air , 880 00:39:25,286 --> 00:39:27,170 large clinical trials , thes air 881 00:39:27,170 --> 00:39:29,503 clinical trials that are enrolling , Ah , 882 00:39:29,503 --> 00:39:31,670 lot of volunteers in a short period of 883 00:39:31,670 --> 00:39:34,780 time thes air clinical trials where our 884 00:39:34,790 --> 00:39:36,850 experts and our professionals are 885 00:39:36,850 --> 00:39:39,680 working nights and weekends . And , um , 886 00:39:39,690 --> 00:39:41,857 as you would expect we're doing that , 887 00:39:41,857 --> 00:39:43,801 too . Um , but our partners in the 888 00:39:43,801 --> 00:39:45,912 private sector that are running these 889 00:39:45,912 --> 00:39:48,079 clinical trials are are working around 890 00:39:48,079 --> 00:39:50,246 the clock to get these clinical trials 891 00:39:50,246 --> 00:39:52,540 up and running . But it's ultimately 892 00:39:52,550 --> 00:39:55,180 driven by again those people who have 893 00:39:55,180 --> 00:39:57,180 said , you know , again , literally 894 00:39:57,180 --> 00:39:59,291 thousands of people who are lining up 895 00:39:59,291 --> 00:40:01,513 at the door of the clinical trial sites 896 00:40:01,513 --> 00:40:03,680 saying , Please , I want to do my part 897 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:06,070 in volunteer . And if I could just ask 898 00:40:06,070 --> 00:40:08,430 11 very interesting question that came 899 00:40:08,430 --> 00:40:11,180 up from one of our viewers here , Tom , 900 00:40:11,190 --> 00:40:13,720 that follows on this line . And and 901 00:40:13,720 --> 00:40:17,080 that is that there is the probability 902 00:40:17,090 --> 00:40:19,750 that there will be , or the possibility 903 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:21,890 that there will be more than one 904 00:40:21,900 --> 00:40:25,130 vaccine available at the same time 905 00:40:25,510 --> 00:40:29,100 for , uh , for Koven . And the 906 00:40:29,100 --> 00:40:31,420 obvious question is , well , will 907 00:40:31,420 --> 00:40:33,587 people have a choice ? And if so , how 908 00:40:33,587 --> 00:40:36,450 would they choose which one to take I 909 00:40:36,460 --> 00:40:38,460 thought that was a very interesting 910 00:40:38,460 --> 00:40:40,404 question . Have you all given some 911 00:40:40,404 --> 00:40:43,030 thought to that ? We have , um , you 912 00:40:43,030 --> 00:40:44,863 know , not coincidentally , were 913 00:40:44,863 --> 00:40:46,863 actually in a meeting talking about 914 00:40:46,863 --> 00:40:49,030 this right before . So , um and I will 915 00:40:49,030 --> 00:40:52,470 say , uh , it will be There will be 916 00:40:52,470 --> 00:40:55,530 some complexity , but God , I hope we 917 00:40:55,530 --> 00:40:57,830 have that problem . Um , we we went 918 00:40:57,830 --> 00:41:00,290 into this process again , doing the 919 00:41:00,290 --> 00:41:03,120 impossible with the thought of that we 920 00:41:03,120 --> 00:41:05,320 were going to invest in six vaccines . 921 00:41:05,330 --> 00:41:07,497 Um , with the hopes that we would have 922 00:41:07,500 --> 00:41:10,740 won vaccine that makes it through all 923 00:41:10,740 --> 00:41:13,140 of those typical challenges of medical 924 00:41:13,140 --> 00:41:15,540 product development . Um , we still 925 00:41:15,540 --> 00:41:17,730 have six that are on track . We're 926 00:41:17,730 --> 00:41:19,674 thrilled that we've made this much 927 00:41:19,674 --> 00:41:23,430 progress so far . Um , and but but we 928 00:41:23,430 --> 00:41:26,890 are , um , working through . I think 929 00:41:26,900 --> 00:41:28,730 our our department of defense 930 00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:30,897 colleagues understand this very well . 931 00:41:30,897 --> 00:41:33,570 It's contingency planning . So we have 932 00:41:33,580 --> 00:41:36,130 in all aspects of operation warp speed 933 00:41:36,130 --> 00:41:38,352 have thought about all of the different 934 00:41:38,352 --> 00:41:41,250 scenarios and contingency plans . So , 935 00:41:41,260 --> 00:41:43,640 um , there are scenarios where we might 936 00:41:43,640 --> 00:41:46,370 have more than one vaccine that could 937 00:41:46,370 --> 00:41:49,770 be useful . Now we The simple answer to 938 00:41:49,770 --> 00:41:51,992 your question is that we're going toe . 939 00:41:51,992 --> 00:41:55,190 Let the science uh , Dr , that process 940 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,450 in terms of which vaccines work best 941 00:41:58,810 --> 00:42:01,830 for which people ? Meaning that , uh , 942 00:42:01,840 --> 00:42:04,080 it is it is possible that we may have 943 00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:06,570 equivalent efficacy on equivalent 944 00:42:06,570 --> 00:42:08,940 safety across the board . Um , we could 945 00:42:08,940 --> 00:42:11,310 also be in a scenario where one of our 946 00:42:11,310 --> 00:42:13,870 vaccines preferentially works very well 947 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:16,980 in elderly populations that are most 948 00:42:16,980 --> 00:42:20,270 vulnerable . So we would then , uh , 949 00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:23,140 pivot our programs so that the vaccine 950 00:42:23,140 --> 00:42:25,630 that works best in elderly are given 951 00:42:25,630 --> 00:42:28,590 thio elderly volunteers . Ah , final 952 00:42:28,590 --> 00:42:31,080 point that I'll make is that all all of 953 00:42:31,080 --> 00:42:33,320 our vaccines in our portfolio are to 954 00:42:33,320 --> 00:42:35,910 dose vaccines . Um , which , as 955 00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:38,142 everyone can appreciate , adds a lot of 956 00:42:38,142 --> 00:42:40,253 complexity . Um , the Jantzen vaccine 957 00:42:40,253 --> 00:42:43,570 for which we are , uh , enrolling , as 958 00:42:43,570 --> 00:42:45,737 I mentioned previously in the clinical 959 00:42:45,737 --> 00:42:49,020 trial . Now , um is a one dose vaccine . 960 00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:51,830 And so we're again thinking through 961 00:42:51,830 --> 00:42:54,540 contingency plans as well . Um , in 962 00:42:54,540 --> 00:42:57,580 such situations where , um , if we have 963 00:42:57,580 --> 00:42:59,747 a one dose vaccine , what would be the 964 00:42:59,747 --> 00:43:02,360 optimal use of that right ? And 965 00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:06,160 presumably the large , uh , studies 966 00:43:06,170 --> 00:43:09,380 doing 30,000 in the phase three trial . 967 00:43:09,380 --> 00:43:11,780 30,000 patients as opposed to , say , 968 00:43:11,780 --> 00:43:14,190 5000 , as you mentioned earlier that 969 00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:17,730 enables the companies 970 00:43:17,740 --> 00:43:20,230 the sponsors and the f be A to get a 971 00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:22,452 better handle on some of these issues , 972 00:43:22,452 --> 00:43:25,920 like differences in age and 973 00:43:25,930 --> 00:43:28,020 race . Another demographic issue ? 974 00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:32,740 Yes , sir . Yes , that's perfect . 975 00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:36,490 Yeah . So I think this question and I'm 976 00:43:36,490 --> 00:43:38,323 gonna try and bundle a couple of 977 00:43:38,323 --> 00:43:40,157 questions together because we're 978 00:43:40,157 --> 00:43:39,930 getting a lot of good ones here . And 979 00:43:39,930 --> 00:43:42,152 these things is for General Purna . And 980 00:43:42,300 --> 00:43:44,522 I was hoping a lot of people have asked 981 00:43:44,522 --> 00:43:46,689 about the military's role , you know , 982 00:43:46,689 --> 00:43:49,022 in terms of distribution of the vaccine . 983 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:51,610 And they've also asked , um , should 984 00:43:51,620 --> 00:43:53,453 you know , I've heard we have an 985 00:43:53,453 --> 00:43:56,310 election coming up . Would would a 986 00:43:56,320 --> 00:43:58,376 change in administration . How would 987 00:43:58,376 --> 00:44:00,810 that affect operation warp speed ? 988 00:44:02,890 --> 00:44:05,380 They sure . Thanks . Um , so real 989 00:44:05,380 --> 00:44:07,790 quickly to answer the your first 990 00:44:07,790 --> 00:44:11,120 question directly . The military is 991 00:44:11,130 --> 00:44:14,930 providing , um , planning . Right . 992 00:44:14,940 --> 00:44:17,640 We're helping with , you know , things 993 00:44:17,650 --> 00:44:20,010 with logistics . 994 00:44:20,690 --> 00:44:23,650 Augmentation programs , support , log 995 00:44:23,650 --> 00:44:26,160 cap support . Um , we're running 996 00:44:26,160 --> 00:44:29,680 program management , um , for them , 997 00:44:29,690 --> 00:44:32,500 for the team . So what we're doing is 998 00:44:32,500 --> 00:44:35,650 bringing enabling capability on 999 00:44:35,650 --> 00:44:38,730 capacity to the fight . There will not 1000 00:44:38,740 --> 00:44:41,880 be this vision that some people have . 1001 00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:44,047 It will be army trucks driving through 1002 00:44:44,047 --> 00:44:46,790 the streets delivering vaccine . Uh , 1003 00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:50,310 that's not one feasible um , or the 1004 00:44:50,310 --> 00:44:52,560 right way to do it . You know , this is 1005 00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:54,727 the greatest country in the world . We 1006 00:44:54,727 --> 00:44:56,393 know how to do this , right ? 1007 00:44:56,393 --> 00:44:58,560 Commercial industry knows how to do it 1008 00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:00,930 on . That's how we're gonna do it . Um , 1009 00:45:00,940 --> 00:45:03,640 the second point . Your question . Um 1010 00:45:03,650 --> 00:45:07,030 nope . You know , uh , you know , we're 1011 00:45:07,040 --> 00:45:10,050 we got our we got our heads down and 1012 00:45:10,050 --> 00:45:12,940 we're driving the sled . Um , and we're 1013 00:45:12,940 --> 00:45:16,380 going thio execute our mission 1014 00:45:16,390 --> 00:45:19,980 A z directed . And so I see nothing 1015 00:45:19,980 --> 00:45:22,940 that would cause us to stop doing what 1016 00:45:22,940 --> 00:45:25,520 we're doing . No matter the results of 1017 00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:29,420 the election break , I would like to 1018 00:45:29,420 --> 00:45:31,510 highlight , though again , we talked 1019 00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:33,510 briefly about the whole of America 1020 00:45:33,510 --> 00:45:35,670 approach . I want everybody to 1021 00:45:35,670 --> 00:45:39,510 visualize really The brilliance of this , 1022 00:45:39,520 --> 00:45:42,110 uh , of what we're doing here . Uh , 1023 00:45:42,110 --> 00:45:45,600 and this is not my vision or doctor 1024 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:48,820 slouchy vision , but really of 1025 00:45:48,820 --> 00:45:52,220 others who had the foresight and vision 1026 00:45:52,220 --> 00:45:55,480 to bring the collective team 1027 00:45:55,490 --> 00:45:59,400 together . This team is partnered , 1028 00:45:59,450 --> 00:46:02,040 Ato , highest level by the Secretary of 1029 00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:04,100 Health and Human Services and the 1030 00:46:04,100 --> 00:46:07,460 Secretary of Defense . We are a 1031 00:46:07,460 --> 00:46:10,520 direct report to them . We don't have 1032 00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:12,890 to go through staffs . We don't have to 1033 00:46:12,890 --> 00:46:15,940 coordinate time . We are . Pick up the 1034 00:46:15,940 --> 00:46:18,310 phone and we have direct and immediate 1035 00:46:18,310 --> 00:46:22,250 access to these senior , uh , 1036 00:46:22,260 --> 00:46:25,990 secretaries to , uh , everything 1037 00:46:25,990 --> 00:46:29,040 we're doing , right ? Eyes from 1038 00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:32,060 scratch , right ? This whole 1039 00:46:32,270 --> 00:46:35,690 process is from built from the ground 1040 00:46:35,690 --> 00:46:39,610 up scratch . There was no structure in 1041 00:46:39,610 --> 00:46:42,390 execution . There was no 1042 00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:45,870 strategy in execution . There was no 1043 00:46:45,870 --> 00:46:48,660 training , guidance or budget in 1044 00:46:48,660 --> 00:46:52,150 execution . Uh , and all of it had to 1045 00:46:52,150 --> 00:46:54,990 be brought together simultaneously . 1046 00:46:55,180 --> 00:46:57,860 Aziz , we started our effort , uh , 1047 00:46:57,870 --> 00:47:00,540 collectively . So we built the team , 1048 00:47:00,550 --> 00:47:04,010 uh , across a zai talked 1049 00:47:04,010 --> 00:47:07,160 about , uh , h H s Department of 1050 00:47:07,160 --> 00:47:10,410 Defense industry , academia , uh , by 1051 00:47:10,410 --> 00:47:12,990 those who we thought could contribute . 1052 00:47:13,380 --> 00:47:16,970 Uh , and those who would help us , um , 1053 00:47:16,980 --> 00:47:19,640 really , uh , make the strides 1054 00:47:19,650 --> 00:47:22,460 necessary to achieve our goal by the 1055 00:47:22,460 --> 00:47:26,180 end of the year . Uh , and so , uh , to 1056 00:47:26,180 --> 00:47:29,540 that end , um , we really had 1057 00:47:29,550 --> 00:47:32,160 thio , uh , as I said earlier , 1058 00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:34,790 checking egos at the door , you had to 1059 00:47:34,790 --> 00:47:37,450 come in . And no matter what you were a 1060 00:47:37,450 --> 00:47:41,440 part of before you had thio one , 1061 00:47:41,450 --> 00:47:43,900 um , shoulder the burden of 1062 00:47:43,900 --> 00:47:47,250 responsibility of execution , not just , 1063 00:47:47,260 --> 00:47:50,810 uh , sitting at the end of the table 1064 00:47:51,180 --> 00:47:53,290 to you had to have the right 1065 00:47:53,290 --> 00:47:57,160 relationships . Thio garner support 1066 00:47:57,170 --> 00:47:59,790 in all that we were doing , Uh , and 1067 00:47:59,790 --> 00:48:01,901 then three , You know , at the end of 1068 00:48:01,901 --> 00:48:03,920 the day , we're all being held 1069 00:48:03,920 --> 00:48:06,250 accountable , You know , to how far 1070 00:48:06,250 --> 00:48:08,820 we're moving the ball . We're mildly 1071 00:48:08,820 --> 00:48:11,890 interested in , uh , theory , 1072 00:48:12,270 --> 00:48:16,160 um , or pontification of 1073 00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:20,060 what could be , um we are every 1074 00:48:20,060 --> 00:48:23,410 single day , all of us , uh , Dr slowly 1075 00:48:23,410 --> 00:48:26,050 myself , Matt Hepburn , other members 1076 00:48:26,050 --> 00:48:28,340 of the team . We received hundreds of 1077 00:48:28,340 --> 00:48:30,780 emails from people with recommendation , 1078 00:48:31,270 --> 00:48:33,437 and I gotta tell you that some of them 1079 00:48:33,437 --> 00:48:35,714 are very illuminating and very helpful . 1080 00:48:35,870 --> 00:48:38,040 Andi and they're welcomed . And we're 1081 00:48:38,050 --> 00:48:40,380 really appreciative that we receive 1082 00:48:40,380 --> 00:48:43,070 them on the other side of the spectrum , 1083 00:48:43,070 --> 00:48:46,100 though , we get a lot of conversation 1084 00:48:46,110 --> 00:48:48,930 about everything we're doing and how 1085 00:48:48,930 --> 00:48:51,400 it's not gonna work and how it's not 1086 00:48:51,400 --> 00:48:54,050 the right way to do it . Um , you know , 1087 00:48:54,050 --> 00:48:56,900 quite frankly , not very helpful . Um , 1088 00:48:56,910 --> 00:49:00,200 you know , So my thing is , is being 1089 00:49:00,200 --> 00:49:02,390 part of the team , help us become 1090 00:49:02,390 --> 00:49:05,090 successful , understand that this has 1091 00:49:05,090 --> 00:49:08,490 never , ever been done before . 1092 00:49:08,870 --> 00:49:12,840 Um , and we have successfully so far , 1093 00:49:12,850 --> 00:49:14,950 taking a process that normally takes 1094 00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:17,780 between five and 10 years . Built an 1095 00:49:17,780 --> 00:49:21,110 extraordinary team . Uh , put it all 1096 00:49:21,110 --> 00:49:23,890 together . And we are , uh , 1097 00:49:24,370 --> 00:49:26,590 successfully driving down the field . 1098 00:49:27,070 --> 00:49:29,830 Um , so at the end of the day , come be 1099 00:49:29,830 --> 00:49:32,470 a part of what we're doing . Come help 1100 00:49:32,470 --> 00:49:35,110 us do a better . But sitting on the 1101 00:49:35,110 --> 00:49:38,000 sidelines , just poking away is not 1102 00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:41,080 helpful . Toe what we're doing over 1103 00:49:42,870 --> 00:49:44,990 great . Thank you very much again . I 1104 00:49:44,990 --> 00:49:47,157 have a lot of questions that I want to 1105 00:49:47,157 --> 00:49:49,434 get through . As many as possible . Dr . 1106 00:49:49,434 --> 00:49:51,379 Pepper , maybe this is for you . A 1107 00:49:51,379 --> 00:49:53,601 couple of people have asked , Does this 1108 00:49:53,601 --> 00:49:55,601 does this effort that you're in now 1109 00:49:55,601 --> 00:49:57,712 change fundamentally how vaccines are 1110 00:49:57,712 --> 00:49:59,934 developed in this country ? Who have we 1111 00:49:59,934 --> 00:50:02,780 moved the goalposts ? Uh , permanently . 1112 00:50:02,780 --> 00:50:04,836 Or is this just a thing ? And are we 1113 00:50:04,836 --> 00:50:06,990 going to go back toe 8 to 10 year 1114 00:50:07,460 --> 00:50:10,050 vaccine development cycles ? And then , 1115 00:50:10,060 --> 00:50:11,949 if I could piggy back on that , a 1116 00:50:11,949 --> 00:50:14,500 couple of people asked about the really 1117 00:50:14,500 --> 00:50:16,810 cold temperatures that some of these 1118 00:50:16,810 --> 00:50:19,540 vaccines may have to be stored at Could 1119 00:50:19,550 --> 00:50:21,661 Could one of you talk to what kind of 1120 00:50:21,760 --> 00:50:23,816 challenges and solutions we have for 1121 00:50:23,816 --> 00:50:24,816 that situation ? 1122 00:50:27,860 --> 00:50:30,880 Sure . So , um , happy to start ? Uh , 1123 00:50:30,890 --> 00:50:33,330 yeah , frankly , I find it profoundly 1124 00:50:33,330 --> 00:50:36,380 exciting to say to imagine a world 1125 00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:40,080 post pandemic where we can rapidly 1126 00:50:40,080 --> 00:50:43,050 develop treatments where we can rapidly 1127 00:50:43,050 --> 00:50:45,710 develop vaccines . Um , not only for 1128 00:50:45,710 --> 00:50:48,430 the new threats , uh , that come up 1129 00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:50,830 that we weren't expecting . But for all 1130 00:50:50,830 --> 00:50:53,580 of those infections that that plague us , 1131 00:50:53,590 --> 00:50:56,760 um , as a global community , so So I do 1132 00:50:56,760 --> 00:51:00,440 hope we can revolutionize vaccine 1133 00:51:00,440 --> 00:51:02,662 development . I hope we can show people 1134 00:51:02,662 --> 00:51:05,700 what is possible . Um uh , in terms of 1135 00:51:05,710 --> 00:51:08,880 of how , um , how we can 1136 00:51:08,890 --> 00:51:11,780 achieve accelerated product development 1137 00:51:11,780 --> 00:51:14,450 without compromising the making Sure 1138 00:51:14,450 --> 00:51:16,172 that the vaccines are safe and 1139 00:51:16,172 --> 00:51:18,394 effective . And I'm glad you brought it 1140 00:51:18,394 --> 00:51:21,660 up . Yeah , Tom , I saw an interesting 1141 00:51:21,660 --> 00:51:24,330 question here . If I can jump in from 1142 00:51:24,340 --> 00:51:28,310 one of our , uh , listeners and it 1143 00:51:28,310 --> 00:51:30,630 was asking about the estimated duration 1144 00:51:30,630 --> 00:51:32,700 of protection that these vaccine 1145 00:51:32,700 --> 00:51:34,811 candidates will get that's one of the 1146 00:51:34,811 --> 00:51:37,380 open questions Is okay . If that 1147 00:51:37,390 --> 00:51:39,690 generates a response , how long does 1148 00:51:39,690 --> 00:51:42,380 that response last ? Um , do you have 1149 00:51:42,380 --> 00:51:44,850 anything you can share with us on that 1150 00:51:44,860 --> 00:51:47,027 Dr Hepburn ? Or is that just something 1151 00:51:47,027 --> 00:51:48,804 we have to wait . We'll get the 1152 00:51:48,804 --> 00:51:51,700 clinical trial results . Well , we're 1153 00:51:51,710 --> 00:51:54,620 We are gonna have to wait . Uh , we're 1154 00:51:54,620 --> 00:51:56,731 gonna have to wait until the clinical 1155 00:51:56,731 --> 00:51:58,898 trials results . And but the intention 1156 00:51:58,898 --> 00:52:01,220 is this is why , uh , the people that 1157 00:52:01,220 --> 00:52:03,387 are vaccinated in the clinical trial . 1158 00:52:03,387 --> 00:52:05,498 Now , our intention is to follow them 1159 00:52:05,498 --> 00:52:07,940 for up to two years so that we can get 1160 00:52:07,940 --> 00:52:10,870 a better idea on that critically 1161 00:52:10,870 --> 00:52:12,759 important question of duration of 1162 00:52:12,759 --> 00:52:14,703 protection . Um , what we are also 1163 00:52:14,703 --> 00:52:17,280 doing , though and again , we're we are 1164 00:52:17,280 --> 00:52:19,960 informed by great scientists and the 1165 00:52:19,960 --> 00:52:21,960 National Institute of Health and an 1166 00:52:21,960 --> 00:52:24,260 academic collaborations . Um , that 1167 00:52:24,260 --> 00:52:26,790 we're watching . We don't understand 1168 00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:28,690 the duration of protection from 1169 00:52:28,700 --> 00:52:31,410 coronavirus infection itself . So can 1170 00:52:31,410 --> 00:52:34,570 you get coronavirus again ? Um , and 1171 00:52:34,580 --> 00:52:37,280 there's a lot of recent publications 1172 00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:39,520 that air coming out getting a better 1173 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:42,120 characterization of the immune response 1174 00:52:42,120 --> 00:52:45,080 to coronavirus infection . All of that 1175 00:52:45,090 --> 00:52:47,520 scientific knowledge is just feeding 1176 00:52:47,520 --> 00:52:50,240 into our vaccine programs so that we 1177 00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:52,296 are understanding that understanding 1178 00:52:52,296 --> 00:52:54,073 that duration of protection and 1179 00:52:54,073 --> 00:52:56,220 ultimately that we will design the 1180 00:52:56,220 --> 00:52:59,420 trials , um , and the medical research 1181 00:52:59,420 --> 00:53:03,380 to answer it great . I mean , 1182 00:53:03,390 --> 00:53:05,650 uh , pick up on a question that a 1183 00:53:05,650 --> 00:53:07,539 couple of people have asked , and 1184 00:53:07,539 --> 00:53:09,761 that's and I'm sure you probably have a 1185 00:53:09,761 --> 00:53:09,510 word for that operation work speed , 1186 00:53:09,510 --> 00:53:13,170 but it's vaccine hesitancy . And so 1187 00:53:13,170 --> 00:53:15,760 some people , reluctant in the best of 1188 00:53:15,760 --> 00:53:17,760 times to get a vaccine and and this 1189 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,990 might be a bit more than that . What ? 1190 00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:22,000 What are your plans ? I guess going 1191 00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:24,167 forward to kind of try and attack this 1192 00:53:24,167 --> 00:53:26,056 problem that this'll fear of this 1193 00:53:26,056 --> 00:53:28,167 reluctance . People might have to get 1194 00:53:28,167 --> 00:53:31,960 these vaccines that way . 1195 00:53:31,960 --> 00:53:34,800 Are we acknowledge ? We acknowledge . 1196 00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:38,480 Appreciate . Um and , uh , acknowledge . 1197 00:53:38,480 --> 00:53:40,840 Appreciated . We've been very kind of 1198 00:53:40,850 --> 00:53:43,910 thoughtful about . This is this is that 1199 00:53:43,910 --> 00:53:45,743 is a much bigger issue than just 1200 00:53:45,743 --> 00:53:47,688 operation warp speed . But it will 1201 00:53:47,688 --> 00:53:50,150 certainly impact what we dio , um , 1202 00:53:50,160 --> 00:53:52,271 from my standpoint , and I'll turn it 1203 00:53:52,271 --> 00:53:54,271 over to general partner for further 1204 00:53:54,271 --> 00:53:56,271 comment . From my standpoint , what 1205 00:53:56,271 --> 00:53:57,993 we've said is it's the product 1206 00:53:57,993 --> 00:54:00,160 development . This is why we don't cut 1207 00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:02,271 corners . This is why we make sure we 1208 00:54:02,271 --> 00:54:04,760 maintain the highest ethical quality 1209 00:54:04,760 --> 00:54:07,170 and regulatory standards and that we're 1210 00:54:07,170 --> 00:54:09,510 transparent , um , throughout the 1211 00:54:09,510 --> 00:54:12,280 process , so that we can create a sense 1212 00:54:12,280 --> 00:54:15,250 of confidence . Um , that what we know 1213 00:54:15,250 --> 00:54:18,240 is being communicated publicly so that 1214 00:54:18,240 --> 00:54:20,970 people can make the decision about 1215 00:54:20,970 --> 00:54:23,750 these vaccines , but that again , where 1216 00:54:23,750 --> 00:54:25,806 you can help us today . Everybody on 1217 00:54:25,806 --> 00:54:28,028 the phone , um , conveying that message 1218 00:54:28,028 --> 00:54:30,139 that we're doing everything we can to 1219 00:54:30,139 --> 00:54:32,306 assess these vaccines for their safety 1220 00:54:32,306 --> 00:54:34,528 as well as their efficacy . Hopefully , 1221 00:54:34,528 --> 00:54:36,900 that will inspire confidence that once 1222 00:54:36,900 --> 00:54:38,956 we show that these vaccines meet the 1223 00:54:38,956 --> 00:54:41,710 regulatory standards , that people will 1224 00:54:41,710 --> 00:54:43,654 be willing to get the shot general 1225 00:54:43,654 --> 00:54:45,960 partner . Yeah , I just would add to 1226 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:49,500 that I have 100% confidence that we 1227 00:54:49,500 --> 00:54:52,450 have executed to make sure that the 1228 00:54:52,450 --> 00:54:55,610 vaccines are safe on in the 1229 00:54:55,610 --> 00:54:58,240 development . I feel confident that 1230 00:54:58,250 --> 00:55:01,670 they'll demonstrate efficacy , uh , 1231 00:55:01,680 --> 00:55:05,450 against the virus . Um , in that 1232 00:55:05,450 --> 00:55:09,050 light , I also have 100% confidence . 1233 00:55:09,440 --> 00:55:12,340 Uh , Dr . Hepburn alluded to in what I 1234 00:55:12,340 --> 00:55:14,284 think is the gold standard for the 1235 00:55:14,284 --> 00:55:17,560 world . Uh , and that's our FDA on 1236 00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:19,671 their approach to determining whether 1237 00:55:19,671 --> 00:55:21,460 or not the vaccine is safe and 1238 00:55:21,460 --> 00:55:25,250 effective on . And , um , we will 1239 00:55:25,250 --> 00:55:28,210 make sure that we will follow the 1240 00:55:28,210 --> 00:55:31,510 science . Um , to that end , we will 1241 00:55:31,510 --> 00:55:34,230 not distribute vaccines that are not 1242 00:55:34,230 --> 00:55:36,780 determined , safe and effective . Um , 1243 00:55:36,790 --> 00:55:39,470 and you could take my personal word for 1244 00:55:39,470 --> 00:55:43,210 that . Um , Aziz ? Well , as you know . 1245 00:55:43,220 --> 00:55:45,460 Well , just my word . I don't want to 1246 00:55:45,460 --> 00:55:49,050 speak for others . Um , the what I 1247 00:55:49,050 --> 00:55:51,217 think about every day when I come into 1248 00:55:51,217 --> 00:55:54,090 work . Quite frankly , Um , and just to 1249 00:55:54,090 --> 00:55:56,590 personalize it for me , right ? I think 1250 00:55:56,590 --> 00:55:59,600 about my 84 year old mother and her 1251 00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,400 husband , right ? I think about my 1252 00:56:02,400 --> 00:56:05,540 three granddaughters . Right . And then , 1253 00:56:05,540 --> 00:56:08,120 of course , um , extended all the way 1254 00:56:08,120 --> 00:56:10,231 through all my family and friends and 1255 00:56:10,231 --> 00:56:12,520 everybody I've ever served with over 1256 00:56:12,520 --> 00:56:15,470 the last 39 years . Right ? That's how 1257 00:56:15,470 --> 00:56:17,990 I extend myself personally to this 1258 00:56:17,990 --> 00:56:21,410 effort . Uh , and you know , nobody in 1259 00:56:21,410 --> 00:56:24,370 this organization . This task force is 1260 00:56:24,370 --> 00:56:27,450 gonna allow ah , vaccine to go out to 1261 00:56:27,450 --> 00:56:29,700 the American people . That is not safe 1262 00:56:29,700 --> 00:56:32,170 and effective . Andi , it would just be 1263 00:56:32,170 --> 00:56:35,710 shameful if we get a vaccine out to the 1264 00:56:35,710 --> 00:56:38,280 American people . And people don't take 1265 00:56:38,280 --> 00:56:41,950 it because , um , there there's 1266 00:56:41,950 --> 00:56:44,310 doubt or concern . So we're working 1267 00:56:44,310 --> 00:56:47,780 hard diligently to , um , increase 1268 00:56:47,780 --> 00:56:50,960 confidence , Uh , in the vaccine . Uh , 1269 00:56:50,970 --> 00:56:53,820 it'll be everybody's individual right 1270 00:56:53,830 --> 00:56:55,941 to determine whether or not they want 1271 00:56:55,941 --> 00:56:59,740 the vaccine . But , you know , uh , 1272 00:56:59,930 --> 00:57:02,360 what we stand behind is the safety and 1273 00:57:02,360 --> 00:57:05,110 the efficacy of the vaccine that will 1274 00:57:05,110 --> 00:57:07,110 be delivered to the American people 1275 00:57:07,240 --> 00:57:11,190 over . Great one last 1276 00:57:11,190 --> 00:57:13,412 question that we may go over a bit over 1277 00:57:13,412 --> 00:57:15,301 the hours , so I'll understand if 1278 00:57:15,301 --> 00:57:17,412 people have to leave . It's got to do 1279 00:57:17,412 --> 00:57:19,246 with the actual I would call the 1280 00:57:19,246 --> 00:57:21,412 tactical distribution of the vaccine . 1281 00:57:21,412 --> 00:57:23,523 The who decides between the elderly , 1282 00:57:23,523 --> 00:57:25,634 the first responders , all those type 1283 00:57:25,634 --> 00:57:27,640 of things . Where is those lines 1284 00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:29,740 between the federal government 1285 00:57:29,740 --> 00:57:32,640 Operation warp speed and the states and 1286 00:57:32,640 --> 00:57:34,862 the territories and that . Can you talk 1287 00:57:34,862 --> 00:57:38,610 about that briefly ? Yeah , I think so . 1288 00:57:38,610 --> 00:57:40,777 I'll make some initial comments on the 1289 00:57:40,777 --> 00:57:42,999 product development and scientific site 1290 00:57:42,999 --> 00:57:44,832 and then handed over for general 1291 00:57:44,832 --> 00:57:46,999 partner in terms of the distribution . 1292 00:57:46,999 --> 00:57:49,166 I think you know , we what we are . We 1293 00:57:49,166 --> 00:57:51,280 have designed our clinical trials to 1294 00:57:51,280 --> 00:57:53,860 really assess , um , if this vaccine 1295 00:57:53,860 --> 00:57:55,693 will protect those that are most 1296 00:57:55,693 --> 00:57:58,340 vulnerable . Um , those those broad 1297 00:57:58,340 --> 00:58:01,070 categories are people , the elderly or 1298 00:58:01,070 --> 00:58:04,580 or people over 65 also people with 1299 00:58:04,590 --> 00:58:06,650 other types of medical conditions . 1300 00:58:07,020 --> 00:58:09,187 We're ensuring that a large percentage 1301 00:58:09,187 --> 00:58:11,242 of our clinical trials are enrolling 1302 00:58:11,242 --> 00:58:14,560 those volunteers , Um , so that we can 1303 00:58:14,560 --> 00:58:17,380 under understand how effective it is . 1304 00:58:17,390 --> 00:58:19,660 Um and I hope it will be So . The 1305 00:58:19,660 --> 00:58:21,827 answer to your question , ultimately , 1306 00:58:21,827 --> 00:58:24,310 is that the first step is to really 1307 00:58:24,310 --> 00:58:26,550 understand how these vaccines perform 1308 00:58:26,820 --> 00:58:29,190 again . We emphasize the science drives 1309 00:58:29,200 --> 00:58:32,380 the process once we understand that it 1310 00:58:32,380 --> 00:58:34,910 will go into a prioritization process , 1311 00:58:34,920 --> 00:58:37,031 and I'll let General Purna comments a 1312 00:58:37,031 --> 00:58:39,670 little bit more on them . So as Dr 1313 00:58:39,670 --> 00:58:42,840 Hepburn really did a great job talking . 1314 00:58:42,850 --> 00:58:45,017 The science will drive it . It will be 1315 00:58:45,017 --> 00:58:46,850 determined . Um , the safety and 1316 00:58:46,850 --> 00:58:49,790 efficacy by the FDA . The C . D . C . 1317 00:58:49,800 --> 00:58:53,190 Will play a role in helping to define , 1318 00:58:53,200 --> 00:58:56,170 uh , based on the FDA findings the 1319 00:58:56,170 --> 00:58:59,610 priority and recommendation of of how 1320 00:58:59,610 --> 00:59:02,470 the vaccine will be distributed on and 1321 00:59:02,470 --> 00:59:04,480 then , of course , approved by the 1322 00:59:04,480 --> 00:59:06,640 Health and Human Services Secretary , 1323 00:59:06,920 --> 00:59:10,200 Um , accordingly , a T that time will 1324 00:59:10,200 --> 00:59:14,060 distribute vaccines accordingly to all 1325 00:59:14,060 --> 00:59:16,940 of America . Simultaneously , we will 1326 00:59:16,940 --> 00:59:19,580 make sure that there is equitable 1327 00:59:19,580 --> 00:59:22,980 distribution . Um , it in accordance 1328 00:59:22,980 --> 00:59:26,000 with that priority on , then the states 1329 00:59:26,010 --> 00:59:29,760 will you know they own . They own the 1330 00:59:29,760 --> 00:59:32,550 actual final distribution and 1331 00:59:32,550 --> 00:59:34,930 administration down to , uh , 1332 00:59:34,940 --> 00:59:38,650 individual arms , Um , and so really a 1333 00:59:38,660 --> 00:59:40,993 collective team approach to that effort . 1334 00:59:40,993 --> 00:59:43,360 Over . Yeah . In general , my 1335 00:59:43,360 --> 00:59:45,680 understanding states have submitted 1336 00:59:45,680 --> 00:59:49,500 plans to HHS and C . D . C on 1337 00:59:49,510 --> 00:59:51,370 the local distribution . Is that 1338 00:59:51,370 --> 00:59:54,750 correct ? Yes . They did a remarkable 1339 00:59:54,750 --> 00:59:57,680 job . They've all submitted plans . We 1340 00:59:57,680 --> 01:00:01,200 spent about 5 to 7 days reviewing them , 1341 01:00:01,210 --> 01:00:03,870 providing synopsis , and we returned on 1342 01:00:03,880 --> 01:00:07,080 yesterday . Um , all weekend teams were 1343 01:00:07,080 --> 01:00:08,858 working on them and return them 1344 01:00:08,858 --> 01:00:10,750 yesterday so that we continually 1345 01:00:10,750 --> 01:00:14,280 improve you know our effort to make 1346 01:00:14,280 --> 01:00:16,224 sure it's done the right way . All 1347 01:00:16,224 --> 01:00:19,640 right , get secretary is rto 1348 01:00:19,650 --> 01:00:21,872 disseminate those more broadly . Yeah , 1349 01:00:21,872 --> 01:00:23,150 that would be helped . 1350 01:00:25,410 --> 01:00:27,650 Well , teammates , we have run to the 1351 01:00:27,650 --> 01:00:29,872 end of our time . Although I personally 1352 01:00:29,872 --> 01:00:31,928 could go another hour . So listen to 1353 01:00:31,928 --> 01:00:34,150 this great discussion . I want to thank 1354 01:00:34,150 --> 01:00:36,039 General Purna , Dr Pepper one for 1355 01:00:36,039 --> 01:00:38,480 participating today , but in more 1356 01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:40,536 general terms for your great work on 1357 01:00:40,536 --> 01:00:42,536 this . I know you're working really 1358 01:00:42,536 --> 01:00:44,313 long hours , and it's not going 1359 01:00:44,313 --> 01:00:46,536 unnoticed by American . So thank you so 1360 01:00:46,536 --> 01:00:48,702 much for joining us today . I wanna on 1361 01:00:48,702 --> 01:00:50,924 behalf of Ed , and I thank you for your 1362 01:00:50,924 --> 01:00:53,440 time today and wish everybody on this 1363 01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:57,330 call a great thing . General Permanent . 1364 01:00:57,710 --> 01:01:01,200 Dr Hepburn . Thank you . Thank you . 1365 01:01:01,210 --> 01:01:02,330 Thank you .