1
00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,140
Well , good afternoon , Afternoon , 

2
00:00:02,140 --> 00:00:04,196
everyone . And thanks for joining us 

3
00:00:04,196 --> 00:00:06,196
today and heritage events live . My 

4
00:00:06,196 --> 00:00:08,307
name is Thomas four and together with 

5
00:00:08,307 --> 00:00:10,529
my co moderator , Ed Hazel Meyer , we'd 

6
00:00:10,529 --> 00:00:12,751
like to welcome you today's event . The 

7
00:00:12,751 --> 00:00:14,918
fight to get a co vid 19 vaccine , The 

8
00:00:14,918 --> 00:00:17,070
inside story of the administration's 

9
00:00:17,080 --> 00:00:19,890
operation warp speed by way of 

10
00:00:19,890 --> 00:00:22,030
introduction . Operation Warp Speeds 

11
00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:24,940
Goal is to produce and deliver over 300 

12
00:00:24,940 --> 00:00:27,600
million doses of safe and effective 

13
00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:29,680
vaccines , with the initial doses 

14
00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:32,830
available by January 2021 . We have a 

15
00:00:32,830 --> 00:00:34,941
great program in store for you and we 

16
00:00:34,941 --> 00:00:37,052
want to get right to it . So let's do 

17
00:00:37,052 --> 00:00:39,219
that with that . I'm delighted to tell 

18
00:00:39,219 --> 00:00:41,052
you a little bit about our first 

19
00:00:41,052 --> 00:00:43,230
speaker General Gas State or Gus Purna 

20
00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:45,680
is an Army four star general confirmed 

21
00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:48,150
by the Senate on July the second to 

22
00:00:48,150 --> 00:00:50,372
serve as the chief operating officer of 

23
00:00:50,372 --> 00:00:52,700
Operation Warp Speed . Prior to this 

24
00:00:52,700 --> 00:00:54,811
assignment , General Pernis served as 

25
00:00:54,811 --> 00:00:56,867
the commanding general of the Armies 

26
00:00:56,867 --> 00:00:59,150
Material Command for nearly four years , 

27
00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:03,140
leading 190,000 military , civilian and 

28
00:01:03,140 --> 00:01:05,440
contractor employees with the mission 

29
00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:07,790
to provide logistics , sustainment and 

30
00:01:07,790 --> 00:01:09,940
maintenance for a globally deployed 

31
00:01:09,940 --> 00:01:12,310
army general permanent is a career 

32
00:01:12,310 --> 00:01:15,750
logistician who has led complex supply , 

33
00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:18,050
distribution and maintenance operations 

34
00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:20,750
in multiple combat tours with Army and 

35
00:01:20,750 --> 00:01:22,861
joined forces , and has served at the 

36
00:01:22,861 --> 00:01:25,083
national level supporting Department of 

37
00:01:25,083 --> 00:01:28,020
Defense Supply and Distribution efforts . 

38
00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:30,542
Well , is this as his background ? It's 

39
00:01:30,542 --> 00:01:32,542
easy to see why he was selected for 

40
00:01:32,542 --> 00:01:34,598
this critically important position . 

41
00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:36,684
General Partner graduated from the 

42
00:01:36,684 --> 00:01:38,907
Valley Forge Military Academy and has a 

43
00:01:38,907 --> 00:01:41,018
master's degree in logistics from the 

44
00:01:41,018 --> 00:01:42,907
Florida Institute of Technology . 

45
00:01:43,240 --> 00:01:45,129
General Pernis gonna provide some 

46
00:01:45,129 --> 00:01:47,240
introductory comments . And then he's 

47
00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:49,351
gonna be followed by Dr Hepburn , the 

48
00:01:49,351 --> 00:01:51,573
head of vaccine development , following 

49
00:01:51,573 --> 00:01:53,740
Dr Hepburn . General Pernis gonna come 

50
00:01:53,740 --> 00:01:55,962
back specifically to talk about vaccine 

51
00:01:55,962 --> 00:01:57,962
distribution , And then we're gonna 

52
00:01:57,962 --> 00:02:00,129
move into a question and answer period 

53
00:02:00,129 --> 00:02:02,351
with Ed and I asking questions and then 

54
00:02:02,351 --> 00:02:04,129
after a bit will turn into your 

55
00:02:04,129 --> 00:02:04,040
audience questions . And that's what 

56
00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:06,096
makes it so important that you enter 

57
00:02:06,096 --> 00:02:08,318
your questions that that that that that 

58
00:02:08,318 --> 00:02:10,429
the right block on the platforms that 

59
00:02:10,429 --> 00:02:12,429
we get to your questions that's our 

60
00:02:12,429 --> 00:02:14,540
plan . And General Purna , I now turn 

61
00:02:14,540 --> 00:02:16,970
the floor over to you , sir . Hey , sir . 

62
00:02:16,970 --> 00:02:19,300
Thank you for that very gracious . 

63
00:02:19,300 --> 00:02:21,760
Welcome on . It's a real honor for 

64
00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:24,580
myself and Dr Matt Hepburn to be here 

65
00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,670
on talk to the Heritage Foundation . Um , 

66
00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,220
group . So , you know , first and 

67
00:02:30,220 --> 00:02:32,220
foremost , it's just an honor to co 

68
00:02:32,220 --> 00:02:34,840
lead this past force with , as you said , 

69
00:02:34,840 --> 00:02:38,050
the mission to develop manufacturer on 

70
00:02:38,050 --> 00:02:40,670
deliver safe and effective acting 

71
00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:43,580
vaccines to the American people . Uh , 

72
00:02:43,590 --> 00:02:46,100
first and foremost , so I just wanna 

73
00:02:46,100 --> 00:02:49,300
highlight this is a whole of America 

74
00:02:49,310 --> 00:02:52,870
approach . Um , and in that light , I 

75
00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:56,190
would be remiss . Um , if I did not , 

76
00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:59,200
um , uh , introduce , uh , to the 

77
00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,280
conversation here , my other co lead , 

78
00:03:02,290 --> 00:03:04,940
because without him , without all that 

79
00:03:04,940 --> 00:03:06,884
he brings to the table without his 

80
00:03:06,884 --> 00:03:09,420
leadership and direction , we would not 

81
00:03:09,430 --> 00:03:11,950
be successful . That individuals . Dr . 

82
00:03:11,950 --> 00:03:15,740
Moncef allowing truly a co 

83
00:03:15,740 --> 00:03:18,150
leader with me . Hey , serves as the 

84
00:03:18,150 --> 00:03:21,540
chief science advisor . Uh , every 

85
00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:25,120
day I learned from him , and I am at 

86
00:03:25,130 --> 00:03:28,720
off , uh , what he brings to , 

87
00:03:28,730 --> 00:03:32,730
uh , the task force here . His 

88
00:03:32,730 --> 00:03:36,020
efforts , um tireless , uh , 

89
00:03:36,030 --> 00:03:38,830
demonstrated by the progress we made 

90
00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:41,150
really gonna make a difference for us . 

91
00:03:41,540 --> 00:03:45,010
And in my opinion , uh , will , uh , 

92
00:03:45,020 --> 00:03:47,242
desert deserves the most credit for our 

93
00:03:47,242 --> 00:03:50,800
success . Well , I said , Oh , this is 

94
00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:54,610
a whole of America approach on DWI 

95
00:03:54,610 --> 00:03:56,900
will exceed because of the unparalleled 

96
00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:00,030
expertise of health and human services 

97
00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,560
scientists , Um and logisticians , 

98
00:04:03,940 --> 00:04:05,884
Department of Defense Planning and 

99
00:04:05,884 --> 00:04:09,170
Logistics Capability . Aziz . Well , as 

100
00:04:09,170 --> 00:04:12,350
American industry ingenuity on the 

101
00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:15,660
innovation from academia , it's this 

102
00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:18,690
collective effort that will really 

103
00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:21,520
ensure we're successful in our end 

104
00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:25,250
state on I'm proud to be a part of it . 

105
00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:27,807
I'd like you to think of it this way . 

106
00:04:27,807 --> 00:04:30,770
Our world's best scientists and doctors 

107
00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:32,940
working besides the world's best 

108
00:04:32,950 --> 00:04:35,930
military . Uh , with the support of 

109
00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:38,980
American industry and academia , that 

110
00:04:38,990 --> 00:04:42,710
is operational warp speed . Um , 

111
00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:45,530
and we are really proud to be working 

112
00:04:45,530 --> 00:04:48,290
together in this collective team , uh , 

113
00:04:48,300 --> 00:04:51,030
to drive towards the solution of safe 

114
00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:53,570
and effective vaccine for the American 

115
00:04:53,570 --> 00:04:56,790
people . And I am very confident that 

116
00:04:56,790 --> 00:04:58,901
we are going to be successful to this 

117
00:04:58,901 --> 00:05:01,660
end on today . We'd like to talk to you 

118
00:05:01,660 --> 00:05:04,590
a little bit about our approach on 

119
00:05:04,590 --> 00:05:07,270
where we're at this , uh , to this 

120
00:05:07,280 --> 00:05:10,430
Herculean task that we've been working 

121
00:05:10,430 --> 00:05:13,040
on for the last 4 to 5 months . Uh , 

122
00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:16,620
and we are really just at the brink of , 

123
00:05:16,630 --> 00:05:19,460
um finally seeing the fruits of our 

124
00:05:19,460 --> 00:05:22,830
labor so more to follow from me . But I 

125
00:05:22,830 --> 00:05:24,886
turned it back over to you . General 

126
00:05:24,886 --> 00:05:25,886
sport . 

127
00:05:31,740 --> 00:05:33,796
Great general partner . Thank you so 

128
00:05:33,796 --> 00:05:35,962
much , Ed . Why don't you take it from 

129
00:05:35,962 --> 00:05:39,510
here at thank you if I could introduced 

130
00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:43,310
Doctor Hepburn . He has 

131
00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:46,750
a undergraduate degree and 

132
00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,970
his medical degree from Duke University 

133
00:05:49,970 --> 00:05:52,730
and a 23 year career in the United 

134
00:05:52,730 --> 00:05:56,560
States Army . And in that career , he 

135
00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:59,820
has had extensive experience in 

136
00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:01,940
developing vaccines and therapeutic 

137
00:06:01,940 --> 00:06:04,030
solutions , particularly against 

138
00:06:04,030 --> 00:06:07,330
current and future potential biologic 

139
00:06:07,330 --> 00:06:11,260
threats , including serving as director 

140
00:06:11,260 --> 00:06:13,316
of medical preparedness on the White 

141
00:06:13,316 --> 00:06:15,860
House national security staff , 2010 to 

142
00:06:15,860 --> 00:06:19,550
2013 also serving as clinical research 

143
00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:21,550
director for the U S Army's Medical 

144
00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:23,439
Research Institute for Infectious 

145
00:06:23,439 --> 00:06:26,820
Diseases from 2007 to 2000 and nine . 

146
00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:30,400
So he comes to his current position as 

147
00:06:30,410 --> 00:06:33,050
the vaccine development lead for 

148
00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:36,450
Operation Warp speed with quite a depth 

149
00:06:36,450 --> 00:06:38,530
of experience in this area . Dr . 

150
00:06:38,530 --> 00:06:40,641
Hepburn , thank you so much for being 

151
00:06:40,641 --> 00:06:44,540
with us . It is just a privilege to 

152
00:06:44,540 --> 00:06:46,660
be here and certainly looking forward 

153
00:06:46,660 --> 00:06:49,720
to answering the questions . Uh , we'll 

154
00:06:49,720 --> 00:06:53,540
get there soon . Um , I wanna limit my 

155
00:06:53,540 --> 00:06:55,651
comments , actually , to the probably 

156
00:06:55,651 --> 00:06:57,651
the most important question , or at 

157
00:06:57,651 --> 00:06:59,873
least the question that I received most 

158
00:06:59,873 --> 00:07:01,651
often whether it's at , uh , my 

159
00:07:01,651 --> 00:07:04,490
daughter texting me from college or all 

160
00:07:04,490 --> 00:07:07,080
of these different , um , public 

161
00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:08,670
meetings that we've had and 

162
00:07:08,670 --> 00:07:10,900
communications over the last six months 

163
00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:12,956
or so . And the simple question is , 

164
00:07:12,956 --> 00:07:15,011
how can you achieve the impossible ? 

165
00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:17,970
How can you take a vaccine development 

166
00:07:17,970 --> 00:07:20,930
process that typically can take five 

167
00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:23,330
years , eight years , 10 years , uh , 

168
00:07:23,340 --> 00:07:25,430
and truncate that , um , into the 

169
00:07:25,430 --> 00:07:28,150
timelines of Operation warp speed ? Um , 

170
00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:31,310
I want Thio basically put my answer 

171
00:07:31,310 --> 00:07:33,930
into four categories and hopefully I 

172
00:07:33,930 --> 00:07:37,560
can convince you , uh , that number one . 

173
00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:39,990
We've made incredible progress so far , 

174
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,540
but that we can meet the ambitious 

175
00:07:43,540 --> 00:07:46,030
challenge of Operation Warp speed . So 

176
00:07:46,030 --> 00:07:48,363
there's four categories of how we do it . 

177
00:07:48,363 --> 00:07:50,197
The first is in terms of vaccine 

178
00:07:50,197 --> 00:07:52,363
technology . I think it's very helpful 

179
00:07:52,363 --> 00:07:55,540
to point out that , uh , the efforts 

180
00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:58,030
that have gone on for decades in terms 

181
00:07:58,030 --> 00:08:00,290
of developing vaccines we stand on the 

182
00:08:00,290 --> 00:08:02,457
shoulders of giants of the people that 

183
00:08:02,457 --> 00:08:04,870
worked on polio , measles , the 

184
00:08:04,870 --> 00:08:07,640
smallpox eradication campaign , all of 

185
00:08:07,640 --> 00:08:10,150
that that we learned in terms of how to 

186
00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:12,150
develop vaccines . And there's been 

187
00:08:12,150 --> 00:08:14,430
massive progress even before we started 

188
00:08:14,430 --> 00:08:16,597
operation warp speed . In terms of how 

189
00:08:16,597 --> 00:08:19,060
you can accelerate vaccine development . 

190
00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:21,596
There's been investments . This is a 

191
00:08:21,596 --> 00:08:23,520
key point that the science and 

192
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:25,720
technologies investments pay off . It 

193
00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:27,810
certainly does thes aer investments 

194
00:08:27,810 --> 00:08:30,350
that have been made by health and Human 

195
00:08:30,350 --> 00:08:32,294
Services with the National Suit of 

196
00:08:32,294 --> 00:08:34,461
Health . And actually , I'm very proud 

197
00:08:34,461 --> 00:08:36,517
of D o D investments , especially at 

198
00:08:36,517 --> 00:08:38,650
DARPA . Ah , But elsewhere , um , 

199
00:08:38,650 --> 00:08:41,070
investments have said How can we make 

200
00:08:41,070 --> 00:08:44,110
vaccines ? ATTN . Record time . How can 

201
00:08:44,110 --> 00:08:46,280
we accelerate especially the early 

202
00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:48,400
technologies process . And these 

203
00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:51,150
investments were used for Ebola , um , 

204
00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:52,993
in the Ebola vaccine development 

205
00:08:52,993 --> 00:08:55,216
processes , and now I feel like they're 

206
00:08:55,216 --> 00:08:57,438
really paying off . That's how we're in 

207
00:08:57,438 --> 00:09:00,510
phase three clinical trials now because 

208
00:09:00,510 --> 00:09:02,732
of decisions that were because of those 

209
00:09:02,732 --> 00:09:06,350
investments and those technologies that 

210
00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:08,590
were they were started in the spring , 

211
00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:10,790
um , that are now really paying off 

212
00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:14,570
both for their ability to be developed 

213
00:09:14,580 --> 00:09:16,970
quickly and prove that they work in 

214
00:09:16,970 --> 00:09:19,290
animal models , but also that they 

215
00:09:19,290 --> 00:09:22,040
could be manufactured at a very large 

216
00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:24,760
scale . The second point is , is in 

217
00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:27,130
terms of manufacturing . Um , we've 

218
00:09:27,130 --> 00:09:29,297
talked about this a lot publicly , but 

219
00:09:29,297 --> 00:09:31,530
I want to highlight , uh , not just one 

220
00:09:31,530 --> 00:09:33,474
point , but to typically , what we 

221
00:09:33,474 --> 00:09:35,710
highlight is instead of doing the 

222
00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:38,200
typical parallel process of vaccine 

223
00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:40,144
product development where you do a 

224
00:09:40,144 --> 00:09:42,256
clinical trial and then you decide to 

225
00:09:42,256 --> 00:09:44,200
manufacture at a larger scale than 

226
00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:46,144
another clinical trial than larger 

227
00:09:46,144 --> 00:09:48,367
scale that we've run these processes in 

228
00:09:48,367 --> 00:09:51,070
parallel and really made investments . 

229
00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:54,380
Um , where large amounts of vaccines 

230
00:09:54,380 --> 00:09:56,730
are being made much sooner now it is 

231
00:09:56,730 --> 00:09:58,897
possible that some of those vaccines , 

232
00:09:58,897 --> 00:10:01,063
if they turn out , not toe work , that 

233
00:10:01,063 --> 00:10:03,230
we won't use those doses . Um , but by 

234
00:10:03,230 --> 00:10:06,230
those investments , were ableto have 

235
00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,700
millions of doses available much sooner 

236
00:10:08,700 --> 00:10:11,160
than we ever would . But I think the 

237
00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:12,771
second part that doesn't get 

238
00:10:12,771 --> 00:10:14,660
highlighted as much is really the 

239
00:10:14,660 --> 00:10:16,882
beauty of bringing together the best of 

240
00:10:16,882 --> 00:10:18,938
the Department of Defense and Health 

241
00:10:18,938 --> 00:10:21,640
and Human Services by bringing the as 

242
00:10:21,640 --> 00:10:23,980
we talked about in the introduction the 

243
00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:26,660
supply and logistic expertise of a 

244
00:10:26,660 --> 00:10:29,400
globally deployed force and applying 

245
00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,130
that to the critical supply chain 

246
00:10:32,140 --> 00:10:34,270
issues and potentially critical 

247
00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:36,760
shortages in vaccine manufacturing , 

248
00:10:36,770 --> 00:10:39,270
critical equipment being delivered 

249
00:10:39,270 --> 00:10:41,670
months earlier than it otherwise would , 

250
00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:44,520
that has massively accelerated our 

251
00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:47,550
vaccine manufacturing timeline . The 

252
00:10:47,550 --> 00:10:49,439
third is in the space of clinical 

253
00:10:49,439 --> 00:10:51,439
trials , and I want a foot stump on 

254
00:10:51,439 --> 00:10:53,494
this , a little bit , Um , because I 

255
00:10:53,494 --> 00:10:55,439
think everybody hopefully has been 

256
00:10:55,439 --> 00:10:58,100
tracking that both the AstraZeneca and 

257
00:10:58,100 --> 00:11:00,211
the Jantzen clinical trials have been 

258
00:11:00,211 --> 00:11:02,267
given the green light . Uh , they to 

259
00:11:02,267 --> 00:11:04,160
proceed from the Food and Drug 

260
00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,850
Administration . Both of those products 

261
00:11:06,850 --> 00:11:09,430
had been on a safety pause And that 

262
00:11:09,430 --> 00:11:12,720
safety pause , uh , emphasis . That 

263
00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:15,190
safety boss has now been withdrawn . Um , 

264
00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:18,370
but it also emphasizes very much that 

265
00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:20,430
the prioritization that we have safe 

266
00:11:20,430 --> 00:11:22,740
and effective vaccines , that we're 

267
00:11:22,740 --> 00:11:25,690
following the highest ethical standards 

268
00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:28,150
to ensure that these vaccines are safe 

269
00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,104
and that those clinical trials are 

270
00:11:30,104 --> 00:11:32,327
conducted to the highest regulatory and 

271
00:11:32,327 --> 00:11:35,100
ethical standards as well . So our 

272
00:11:35,100 --> 00:11:37,156
Johnson and AstraZeneca vaccines are 

273
00:11:37,156 --> 00:11:40,110
back on track . Um , these are not 

274
00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:43,200
small clinical trials again . In a 

275
00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:45,510
typical product development , you may 

276
00:11:45,510 --> 00:11:47,610
see a vaccine trial of , let's say , 

277
00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:50,350
5000 volunteers or maybe 8000 

278
00:11:50,350 --> 00:11:52,670
volunteers . Our standard has been 

279
00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:55,360
30,000 volunteers in our clinical 

280
00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:58,410
trials . That's because we want to 

281
00:11:58,420 --> 00:12:01,250
gather as much safety information as we 

282
00:12:01,250 --> 00:12:04,910
possibly can . And we also want to know 

283
00:12:04,920 --> 00:12:07,031
if they work with the more people you 

284
00:12:07,031 --> 00:12:09,500
enroll , the sooner you're going to be 

285
00:12:09,500 --> 00:12:11,556
able to evaluate the effectiveness , 

286
00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:14,750
what we have done so far . And I think 

287
00:12:14,750 --> 00:12:16,639
again , most of you have probably 

288
00:12:16,639 --> 00:12:18,870
tracked this that Madonna has now 

289
00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:21,410
completed their phase three clinical 

290
00:12:21,410 --> 00:12:23,930
trial in terms of 30,000 patients or 

291
00:12:23,930 --> 00:12:26,290
30,000 volunteers enrolled . Um , 

292
00:12:26,300 --> 00:12:28,890
Pfizer , um , is still enrolling , but 

293
00:12:28,890 --> 00:12:31,650
they're above 40,000 volunteers now . 

294
00:12:32,140 --> 00:12:35,670
What ? That shows you for me and I I 

295
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:37,347
don't know if this message is 

296
00:12:37,347 --> 00:12:39,960
appreciated , but I want to emphasize 

297
00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:43,190
it is that that shows me that over 

298
00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:47,080
60,000 Americans have decided to say 

299
00:12:47,090 --> 00:12:49,820
I will volunteer . I don't know if I'm 

300
00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:51,931
going to receive the vaccine or I may 

301
00:12:51,931 --> 00:12:55,550
receive ah , placebo , but that I'm 

302
00:12:55,550 --> 00:12:58,350
going to do my part in fighting this 

303
00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:00,870
pandemic . I think we feel 

304
00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:03,440
extraordinary appreciation for those 

305
00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:06,520
volunteers . Um And but 

306
00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,000
today a zai mentioned , the Johnson and 

307
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,890
AstraZeneca trials are going to need 

308
00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:15,990
another many 1000 volunteers for each 

309
00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:18,470
one . So we're hoping that we can send 

310
00:13:18,470 --> 00:13:21,060
the message through the participants in 

311
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:23,010
this meeting of the importance in 

312
00:13:23,010 --> 00:13:25,710
volunteering for vaccine clinical 

313
00:13:25,710 --> 00:13:29,470
trials and to encourage , um , 

314
00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,100
encourage . Those were very proud of 

315
00:13:32,100 --> 00:13:34,370
that spirit of volunteerism that we see 

316
00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:37,460
in America . We also always emphasized 

317
00:13:37,740 --> 00:13:39,890
the word volunteer means it is a 

318
00:13:39,890 --> 00:13:42,650
personal choice , and no one is ever 

319
00:13:42,660 --> 00:13:44,610
that everyone makes that choice 

320
00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:47,400
individually . But we think this venue 

321
00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:49,870
and many others are great opportunities 

322
00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:53,580
to strongly encourage , uh , people 

323
00:13:53,580 --> 00:13:56,600
to look into that opportunity . Let me 

324
00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,050
give you one more specific example , um , 

325
00:13:59,060 --> 00:14:01,310
for our Johnson clinical trial , we're 

326
00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:04,240
having multiple sites in our VA medical 

327
00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:06,710
centers that will be enrolling . And 

328
00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:09,240
for our nation's veterans , this is 

329
00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:11,710
another way that they can continue to 

330
00:14:11,710 --> 00:14:14,510
serve in this way fighting event , the 

331
00:14:14,510 --> 00:14:17,350
pandemic as a volunteer . My final 

332
00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:19,950
point of those four on how we can 

333
00:14:19,950 --> 00:14:21,839
achieve the impossible is through 

334
00:14:21,839 --> 00:14:24,920
teamwork . I think this session eyes 

335
00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,100
called fighting the pandemic . We're 

336
00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:29,100
fighting the virus , and the way we 

337
00:14:29,100 --> 00:14:31,310
fight the virus is really getting the 

338
00:14:31,310 --> 00:14:33,480
best from all of us . I think what 

339
00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:37,340
we've seen is extraordinary integration 

340
00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:39,517
and cooperation between our Department 

341
00:14:39,517 --> 00:14:41,517
of Defense and our health and human 

342
00:14:41,517 --> 00:14:43,739
services . It's it's that the best that 

343
00:14:43,739 --> 00:14:46,040
our government has to offer . But when 

344
00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:49,120
that General Purna mentions the whole 

345
00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:51,470
of nation , all of us fighting this 

346
00:14:51,470 --> 00:14:53,490
together , the public , the public 

347
00:14:53,490 --> 00:14:55,430
sector , the private sector , the 

348
00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:57,830
foundations , um , everybody all 

349
00:14:57,830 --> 00:15:00,000
together fighting that virus . Um , 

350
00:15:00,010 --> 00:15:02,066
I've seen some of the best team work 

351
00:15:02,066 --> 00:15:04,177
that I've ever been a part of as part 

352
00:15:04,177 --> 00:15:06,399
of Operation Worf Speed . And it is the 

353
00:15:06,399 --> 00:15:08,510
essential fourth ingredient on how we 

354
00:15:08,510 --> 00:15:09,899
achieve the impossible . 

355
00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:16,940
Thank you , Dr Hepburn . 

356
00:15:16,940 --> 00:15:18,996
Thank you so much for that . I'm not 

357
00:15:18,996 --> 00:15:21,051
gonna invite general partner to come 

358
00:15:21,051 --> 00:15:22,884
back and make some very specific 

359
00:15:22,884 --> 00:15:26,060
remarks regarding vaccine over to you , 

360
00:15:26,060 --> 00:15:29,260
sir . Hey , thanks , sir . I really 

361
00:15:29,260 --> 00:15:32,370
what a powerful update by Dr Hepburn . 

362
00:15:32,380 --> 00:15:35,170
Great teammate . Uh , that I've just 

363
00:15:35,180 --> 00:15:38,450
been really blessed the work with over 

364
00:15:38,450 --> 00:15:40,460
the last five months . So , Matt , 

365
00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:43,320
thank you . Um , so I'd like to touch 

366
00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:46,140
up . I'd like to quickly hit where , uh , 

367
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:48,900
Dr Hepburn talked about manufacturing . 

368
00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:50,678
I know it's not lost on anybody 

369
00:15:50,678 --> 00:15:53,490
listening to this conversation , but in 

370
00:15:53,490 --> 00:15:56,250
order to really take the risk and 

371
00:15:56,250 --> 00:15:58,670
manufacturing , we had to do a lot of 

372
00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:02,540
things . Uh , parallel . Hey described . 

373
00:16:02,540 --> 00:16:04,920
I thought incredibly well , the risk 

374
00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:07,040
that we took in that you know , we 

375
00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:10,120
proceeded with , uh , six vaccines 

376
00:16:10,130 --> 00:16:12,030
while simultaneously , uh , 

377
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,960
implementing the manufacturing capacity 

378
00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,270
that was required to meet our mission . 

379
00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:21,400
So just simply said right , we had to 

380
00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:24,750
make sure , um , that we had the right 

381
00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:28,350
capacity to manufacture the vaccine , 

382
00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:30,850
which we didn't have five months ago . 

383
00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:33,500
So we have done . We have added 

384
00:16:33,510 --> 00:16:35,920
actually added brick and mortar 

385
00:16:35,930 --> 00:16:38,160
capacity . In other words , we have 

386
00:16:38,170 --> 00:16:41,960
built facilities from the ground up to 

387
00:16:41,960 --> 00:16:44,930
produce and fill finished vaccine . We 

388
00:16:44,930 --> 00:16:48,430
have garnered all the materials 

389
00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:52,080
required to produce the six vaccines , 

390
00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:56,150
right ? Not on Lee to execute trial , 

391
00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:59,430
um , trials , but also to bring it up 

392
00:16:59,430 --> 00:17:02,690
to scale and full manufacturing for 

393
00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:04,811
eventual distribution to the American 

394
00:17:04,811 --> 00:17:08,120
people on . Then we had to accumulate 

395
00:17:08,120 --> 00:17:11,520
the right equipment . Um , for all the 

396
00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:15,130
manufacturing that we put together , um 

397
00:17:15,140 --> 00:17:17,720
And then the last stage of that was 

398
00:17:17,730 --> 00:17:19,952
making sure we have the right workforce 

399
00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:23,360
that was trained and ready Thio produce . 

400
00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:27,260
Um , and actually , manufacturer on 

401
00:17:27,260 --> 00:17:29,820
Phil finished the vaccine . So really a 

402
00:17:29,820 --> 00:17:33,040
remarkable task on its own . Uh , in 

403
00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,180
this effort , what we did is we did 

404
00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:38,710
implemented Defense Production Act 

405
00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:41,180
authorities , um , you know , with O . 

406
00:17:41,180 --> 00:17:43,740
W s through the Secretary of Health and 

407
00:17:43,740 --> 00:17:45,950
you the services and the Secretary of 

408
00:17:45,950 --> 00:17:49,180
Defense . Today we've implemented 12 

409
00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,420
um , with industry and we're working 

410
00:17:52,430 --> 00:17:55,770
eight mawr . So it is , um , this 

411
00:17:55,780 --> 00:17:58,680
effort that has allowed us thio 

412
00:17:59,140 --> 00:18:02,520
prioritized contracts , prioritized 

413
00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:06,050
materials , um , authorize uh , 

414
00:18:06,060 --> 00:18:09,340
control of scarce and critical 

415
00:18:09,350 --> 00:18:13,280
materials on , then drive industry to 

416
00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:16,320
expand production and supply resource 

417
00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:20,150
is which I think will be a t end of day . 

418
00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:22,590
Uh , really critical to our overall 

419
00:18:22,590 --> 00:18:25,660
success . Um , we've received nothing 

420
00:18:25,660 --> 00:18:28,230
but absolute support in this light . 

421
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,150
Whether it was permission from higher 

422
00:18:31,150 --> 00:18:34,650
to do so , uh , one or the 

423
00:18:34,650 --> 00:18:38,520
execution by our industry partners , Um 

424
00:18:38,530 --> 00:18:40,550
uh , to do day to day business . So 

425
00:18:40,550 --> 00:18:43,680
really remarkable effort . Collectively , 

426
00:18:43,690 --> 00:18:46,930
by again , the whole of America 

427
00:18:46,940 --> 00:18:49,390
highlighted , uh , particularly in this 

428
00:18:49,390 --> 00:18:53,170
part by industry . So , um , let's 

429
00:18:53,180 --> 00:18:55,124
let's assume that we're gonna have 

430
00:18:55,124 --> 00:18:57,860
vaccine available . Um , you know where 

431
00:18:57,860 --> 00:19:00,490
science will drive the safety and the 

432
00:19:00,490 --> 00:19:03,170
efficacy of the vaccine . Is Dr Hepburn 

433
00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:05,930
talked about ? Let's assume that we 

434
00:19:05,930 --> 00:19:08,320
have quantities of vaccine available to 

435
00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:12,290
go upon FDA approval of EU 

436
00:19:12,290 --> 00:19:14,900
A What is next , right ? It goes 

437
00:19:14,900 --> 00:19:16,900
without saying , but it will be the 

438
00:19:16,900 --> 00:19:20,280
distribution of vaccine across all of 

439
00:19:20,280 --> 00:19:23,140
America , um , to include 

440
00:19:23,150 --> 00:19:26,440
territories , uh , and major 

441
00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:29,680
cities , large metropolitan areas . 

442
00:19:29,690 --> 00:19:33,160
Um , and it just a herculean task on 

443
00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:36,130
its own . So , you know , what do we do ? 

444
00:19:36,140 --> 00:19:39,050
We We thought through the process , 

445
00:19:39,050 --> 00:19:41,360
there was many courses of action , but 

446
00:19:41,360 --> 00:19:43,304
at the end of the day , I made the 

447
00:19:43,304 --> 00:19:46,070
decision that we were going to utilize 

448
00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:49,230
the commercial industry that was most 

449
00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:52,760
capable of implementing this task . 

450
00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:54,830
Right ? And so there was three large 

451
00:19:54,830 --> 00:19:57,480
companies , all capable . All three of 

452
00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:00,160
them are playing a role in vaccine 

453
00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,630
distribution as well as therapeutic 

454
00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:05,680
distribution . But the primary , um , 

455
00:20:05,740 --> 00:20:07,920
industry partner for distribution will 

456
00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:10,640
be McKesson on . McKesson is well 

457
00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:13,760
versed on how to do this . Uh , at the 

458
00:20:13,760 --> 00:20:16,170
end of the day , I chose it because 

459
00:20:16,180 --> 00:20:18,500
they know how to do it . They have 

460
00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:21,950
experience doing it thio , Uh , at the 

461
00:20:21,950 --> 00:20:23,728
end of it , we wanna be able to 

462
00:20:23,728 --> 00:20:25,783
transition to them down the road for 

463
00:20:25,783 --> 00:20:29,280
routine effort . Uh , and then third , 

464
00:20:29,290 --> 00:20:32,890
and most importantly , is that the 

465
00:20:32,900 --> 00:20:36,200
states are very comfortable with 

466
00:20:36,210 --> 00:20:38,870
dealing with the commercial industry . 

467
00:20:38,940 --> 00:20:41,420
A Z , we do all sorts of vaccines and 

468
00:20:41,420 --> 00:20:43,364
therapeutics throughout the year . 

469
00:20:43,364 --> 00:20:47,030
Accordingly . Um , And so , uh , in 

470
00:20:47,030 --> 00:20:49,450
fact , I just let Dr Slowly and I were 

471
00:20:49,450 --> 00:20:52,750
visiting with custom yesterday down in 

472
00:20:52,750 --> 00:20:55,340
Tennessee , Memphis , Tennessee , on we 

473
00:20:55,340 --> 00:20:59,070
got to see firsthand a brand new , uh , 

474
00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:01,880
distribution warehouse . Uh , that's 

475
00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:05,680
included freezers that could go down to 

476
00:21:05,690 --> 00:21:09,630
minus 80 and minus 20 on then have 

477
00:21:09,630 --> 00:21:12,460
the facilities really distribute across 

478
00:21:12,460 --> 00:21:15,530
to America ? The custom will partner 

479
00:21:15,530 --> 00:21:19,210
with FedEx . Um , and with ups for 

480
00:21:19,210 --> 00:21:21,260
distribution . Not only Conus , but 

481
00:21:21,260 --> 00:21:24,490
around the world . Aziz . Well , as 

482
00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:28,120
local pharma . Walmart , C B . 

483
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:31,170
S , um , Walgreens , 

484
00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,330
Grover's etcetera . Um , Thio ensure 

485
00:21:35,330 --> 00:21:38,450
that distribution can reach everybody . 

486
00:21:38,940 --> 00:21:41,220
Um , for tenants of the distribution 

487
00:21:41,220 --> 00:21:43,280
strategy that I gave the team as we 

488
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:46,140
were working , planning waas first and 

489
00:21:46,140 --> 00:21:48,860
foremost , we needed to understand . We 

490
00:21:48,860 --> 00:21:51,082
need that visibility and control of all 

491
00:21:51,082 --> 00:21:53,670
vaccines . We need to know where every 

492
00:21:53,670 --> 00:21:57,160
vile waas , whether it was in the 

493
00:21:57,170 --> 00:22:00,380
factory or it was on a truck or it has 

494
00:22:00,380 --> 00:22:02,602
been distributed down to administration 

495
00:22:02,602 --> 00:22:06,560
site . We must have 100% accountability 

496
00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:10,480
of all vaccines . Uh , every 

497
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,220
day . Second , we must be able to track 

498
00:22:13,220 --> 00:22:15,970
the uptake of vaccine , um , two 

499
00:22:15,970 --> 00:22:19,870
persons out in America . Two reasons 

500
00:22:19,870 --> 00:22:23,170
for this first and foremost , um , 

501
00:22:23,180 --> 00:22:25,790
because the five of the six or to those 

502
00:22:25,790 --> 00:22:28,560
vaccines , we need to make sure that 

503
00:22:28,570 --> 00:22:31,780
people are registered to the vaccine 

504
00:22:31,790 --> 00:22:34,720
that they were administered on . That 

505
00:22:34,730 --> 00:22:38,330
there is a fail safe check in checks 

506
00:22:38,330 --> 00:22:40,330
and balances to make sure when they 

507
00:22:40,330 --> 00:22:43,970
come back 21 or 28 days later , Uh , 

508
00:22:43,980 --> 00:22:46,660
that they get the right vaccine , Uh , 

509
00:22:46,670 --> 00:22:49,230
for their second dose . The second 

510
00:22:49,230 --> 00:22:51,560
point waas is we want to manage the 

511
00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:54,300
flow of vaccine to the American people 

512
00:22:54,340 --> 00:22:56,800
Initially were gonna have tens of 

513
00:22:56,800 --> 00:22:59,170
millions of doses available come 

514
00:22:59,170 --> 00:23:02,440
December . But come January , February 

515
00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,270
March , it will quickly , um , and 

516
00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:07,437
exponentially increase the hundreds of 

517
00:23:07,437 --> 00:23:09,630
millions of doses . Eso It'll be 

518
00:23:09,630 --> 00:23:11,920
essential that we maintain the right 

519
00:23:11,930 --> 00:23:15,230
flow of vaccine to the American 

520
00:23:15,230 --> 00:23:19,030
people . So tracking the uptake Third , 

521
00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:21,850
we must make sure that we have 

522
00:23:21,850 --> 00:23:25,730
traceability of the vaccine on that We 

523
00:23:25,730 --> 00:23:29,390
know , uh , where where the 

524
00:23:29,390 --> 00:23:33,120
vaccine is going at all times . Um , it 

525
00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:35,231
will be a hot commodity , of course , 

526
00:23:35,231 --> 00:23:37,930
and we needed to get to the places , um , 

527
00:23:37,940 --> 00:23:41,220
where it will be distributed based on 

528
00:23:41,220 --> 00:23:45,030
state priorities on requirements in 

529
00:23:45,030 --> 00:23:46,530
accordance with safety and 

530
00:23:46,530 --> 00:23:49,400
effectiveness off the vaccine . And 

531
00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:51,760
then last , we wanna be able to cover 

532
00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:55,630
all parts of America whether you're in 

533
00:23:55,630 --> 00:23:58,850
the Pacific , in remote islands , 

534
00:23:58,860 --> 00:24:02,710
uh , in the Pacific or down in , you 

535
00:24:02,710 --> 00:24:05,310
know , in the Atlantic we want to be 

536
00:24:05,310 --> 00:24:07,700
able to get to those islands . We wanna 

537
00:24:07,700 --> 00:24:10,760
be able to get toe all of Conus America , 

538
00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:13,570
whether it's in the metropolitan cities 

539
00:24:13,570 --> 00:24:16,960
or rural America . Uh , and we wanna be 

540
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:19,071
able to make sure we could distribute 

541
00:24:19,071 --> 00:24:21,980
to those American citizens who were 

542
00:24:21,980 --> 00:24:24,160
overseas , you know , serving in the 

543
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,360
Department of Defense or State 

544
00:24:26,360 --> 00:24:28,990
Department etcetera . So we had to have 

545
00:24:28,990 --> 00:24:31,370
coverage . Those were the four major 

546
00:24:31,370 --> 00:24:33,690
tenants for our planning . The last 

547
00:24:33,690 --> 00:24:35,912
thing I'll leave you with before I turn 

548
00:24:35,912 --> 00:24:38,870
it back over for questions . Um , this 

549
00:24:38,870 --> 00:24:41,410
is different . Azzawi distribute this 

550
00:24:41,410 --> 00:24:44,160
vaccine than the normal routine 

551
00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:47,240
execution of something like influenza 

552
00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:50,030
vaccine . Um , the distribution of 

553
00:24:50,030 --> 00:24:52,940
influenza vaccine on an annual basis is 

554
00:24:52,950 --> 00:24:56,420
a pole method . In other words , 

555
00:24:56,430 --> 00:25:00,320
farmers , farm pharmacies , 

556
00:25:00,330 --> 00:25:03,480
doctor's offices , hospitals will 

557
00:25:03,490 --> 00:25:06,070
register and request certain amounts of 

558
00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:09,350
vaccine on will be delivered to them 

559
00:25:09,350 --> 00:25:12,900
directly by industry . What we've done 

560
00:25:12,910 --> 00:25:15,980
since we have purchases doses from from 

561
00:25:15,980 --> 00:25:19,270
industry , what we're gonna do is push 

562
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,400
right . We're gonna allocate equitably 

563
00:25:22,410 --> 00:25:25,640
vaccine doses , toe all of America 

564
00:25:25,650 --> 00:25:28,410
simultaneously and as doses become 

565
00:25:28,410 --> 00:25:31,890
available , were pushing down and 

566
00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:35,450
out thio the United States of America . 

567
00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,530
Eventually , this will transition to a 

568
00:25:38,530 --> 00:25:41,900
pole , but probably not likely any 

569
00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:45,180
earlier than March April timeframe . Uh , 

570
00:25:45,180 --> 00:25:48,430
and so , um , we must ensure that we 

571
00:25:48,430 --> 00:25:52,150
have , uh very intricate . Uh , 

572
00:25:52,150 --> 00:25:55,750
and Inter Cole , um , distribution 

573
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:58,660
process , um , to meet the four tenants . 

574
00:25:58,660 --> 00:26:02,270
As I described Bill Thio 

575
00:26:03,140 --> 00:26:05,800
ensure the constant flow of vaccine has 

576
00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:08,870
it's available on . Then make sure that 

577
00:26:08,880 --> 00:26:11,102
everybody gets the right vaccine at the 

578
00:26:11,102 --> 00:26:13,240
right time . So that concludes my 

579
00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:16,440
comments . And I I'm really grateful 

580
00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:18,551
and welcome to any questions that you 

581
00:26:18,551 --> 00:26:20,370
might have over 

582
00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,751
great general . Part of that was that 

583
00:26:24,751 --> 00:26:26,696
was awesome . General Hepburn also 

584
00:26:26,696 --> 00:26:28,862
thank you so much . We're not going to 

585
00:26:28,862 --> 00:26:30,918
go to some questions from Ed and I , 

586
00:26:30,918 --> 00:26:33,084
but the questions were also rolling in 

587
00:26:33,084 --> 00:26:32,840
from the audience that we're gonna 

588
00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:35,070
quickly cut to those and , uh but we're 

589
00:26:35,070 --> 00:26:37,181
just gonna ask a couple of get things 

590
00:26:37,181 --> 00:26:39,670
warmed up . And so my first question is 

591
00:26:39,670 --> 00:26:41,892
to you , general person , and it's your 

592
00:26:41,892 --> 00:26:43,837
humble man . I know you don't like 

593
00:26:43,837 --> 00:26:46,003
talking about yourself , frankly , but 

594
00:26:46,003 --> 00:26:47,930
this is really a personal kind of 

595
00:26:47,930 --> 00:26:50,810
question . You were . You were weeks 

596
00:26:50,810 --> 00:26:53,050
away from retiring from the Army after 

597
00:26:53,050 --> 00:26:57,050
a distinguished 39 year career army 

598
00:26:57,050 --> 00:26:59,220
career . When you got a call from the 

599
00:26:59,220 --> 00:27:01,276
president that he wanted you to help 

600
00:27:01,276 --> 00:27:03,710
lead operation warp speed . And you 

601
00:27:03,710 --> 00:27:05,488
know , I'm guessing many of the 

602
00:27:05,488 --> 00:27:07,654
listeners on this webinar might face a 

603
00:27:07,654 --> 00:27:09,543
similar kind of moment when there 

604
00:27:09,543 --> 00:27:11,770
unexpectedly hit with a new task a new 

605
00:27:11,770 --> 00:27:14,150
mission that they they probably never 

606
00:27:14,150 --> 00:27:16,150
in their wildest dreams expected to 

607
00:27:16,150 --> 00:27:18,500
face . And they had to pivot to a new 

608
00:27:18,500 --> 00:27:20,722
environment , a new set of challenges . 

609
00:27:20,722 --> 00:27:22,833
I know they'd love to hear from you , 

610
00:27:22,833 --> 00:27:25,020
you know ? How did you get this news ? 

611
00:27:25,020 --> 00:27:27,131
How did you get your head around this 

612
00:27:27,131 --> 00:27:29,140
new mission and and how How did you 

613
00:27:29,140 --> 00:27:31,307
prioritize what you had to do first in 

614
00:27:31,307 --> 00:27:33,650
this new , immense mission that you 

615
00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:37,400
were given ? Thank you . Eso , 

616
00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:40,140
sir . What a great question . I still 

617
00:27:40,140 --> 00:27:42,362
remember . You know , we all have those 

618
00:27:42,362 --> 00:27:44,418
moments where you know exactly where 

619
00:27:44,418 --> 00:27:46,529
you were when the phone rang . I know 

620
00:27:46,529 --> 00:27:48,640
exactly where I waas . Um , and Susan 

621
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,060
and I were transitioning , uh , into 

622
00:27:51,060 --> 00:27:54,890
our a time thought retirement home . It 

623
00:27:54,890 --> 00:27:57,640
was a weekend . It was about a week 

624
00:27:57,650 --> 00:27:59,750
before the announcement by the 

625
00:27:59,750 --> 00:28:03,300
president , um , in the Rose Garden 

626
00:28:03,310 --> 00:28:07,010
on And I was asked , uh Thio , you know , 

627
00:28:07,010 --> 00:28:09,540
if I would be interested , of course . 

628
00:28:09,550 --> 00:28:13,010
Um , immediately , without hesitation , 

629
00:28:13,020 --> 00:28:15,870
uh , with full support by Susan who , 

630
00:28:15,870 --> 00:28:18,037
by the way , was sitting right next to 

631
00:28:18,037 --> 00:28:20,420
me when I got the call . You know , it 

632
00:28:20,420 --> 00:28:22,660
was an immediate Yes . I am honored and 

633
00:28:22,660 --> 00:28:26,260
humbled to do so on , quite frankly , 

634
00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:28,460
greatly privileged . The co lead this 

635
00:28:28,460 --> 00:28:31,240
effort with Dr Moncef so allowing who 

636
00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:34,170
is just as I said earlier . Remarkable 

637
00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:37,210
leader and scientists . Um , you know , 

638
00:28:37,220 --> 00:28:40,370
quickly , Andi and people who know me 

639
00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:43,600
and read the bio can speculate 

640
00:28:43,610 --> 00:28:46,050
why I was picked 

641
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:49,830
primarily . Probably Thio 

642
00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:53,530
enable manufacturing distribution . Um , 

643
00:28:53,540 --> 00:28:57,090
but , uh , it is also about the 

644
00:28:57,090 --> 00:28:59,680
collective leadership and experiences 

645
00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:01,984
of , you know , all the years I've 

646
00:29:01,984 --> 00:29:05,430
served . Um and so I would tell you 

647
00:29:05,430 --> 00:29:08,550
that my experiences 

648
00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:11,390
I've really contributed to what I've 

649
00:29:11,390 --> 00:29:14,480
done . My instincts that I've developed 

650
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,250
over the years have enabled , uh , and 

651
00:29:17,250 --> 00:29:20,630
supported decision making . Um , but in 

652
00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:24,230
partnership with Dr Salah , we we've 

653
00:29:24,230 --> 00:29:27,180
been able to really just put , um , 

654
00:29:27,190 --> 00:29:30,780
really numerous pieces together , Um , 

655
00:29:30,790 --> 00:29:32,770
uh , simultaneously , uh , 

656
00:29:32,780 --> 00:29:35,310
understanding , really teaching each 

657
00:29:35,310 --> 00:29:38,930
other . Uh , and as Matt Hepburn said , 

658
00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:41,450
um , what ? I'm finding them to be most 

659
00:29:41,450 --> 00:29:43,960
rewarding . You know , I've really been 

660
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:46,230
proud of working for what I've always 

661
00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,240
called the team of teams the United 

662
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:50,790
States Army . But as Matt Hepburn said , 

663
00:29:50,790 --> 00:29:54,280
I have never ever worked with a 

664
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,310
greater collective group of 

665
00:29:57,310 --> 00:30:00,180
professionals . Whether scientists , 

666
00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:02,370
doctors , um 

667
00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:05,950
uh , military 

668
00:30:05,950 --> 00:30:09,230
persons , um , industry and really 

669
00:30:09,230 --> 00:30:11,860
academia . That's why it is so exciting 

670
00:30:11,860 --> 00:30:14,530
to do what I'm doing . Uh , and then at 

671
00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:16,697
the end of the day , uh , sir , I know 

672
00:30:16,697 --> 00:30:20,690
you know this , but it's 

673
00:30:20,690 --> 00:30:24,170
just a calling , right ? And , you know , 

674
00:30:24,180 --> 00:30:27,470
this is about saving American lives . 

675
00:30:27,940 --> 00:30:30,710
And for may , it is a focused effort to 

676
00:30:30,710 --> 00:30:34,270
do so , uh , and it is this great 

677
00:30:34,270 --> 00:30:37,020
collaborative effort egos or checked at 

678
00:30:37,020 --> 00:30:40,670
the door . Uh , and we are working this 

679
00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:44,060
together to an in state that will bring 

680
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:47,950
America , uh , back to a healthy state . 

681
00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:50,800
So thanks for that question . I 

682
00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:54,250
probably underestimated the impact if 

683
00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,870
Susan's listening . Um , but I really 

684
00:30:56,870 --> 00:30:58,981
appreciate her support because she is 

685
00:30:58,981 --> 00:31:01,680
listening . Eso Thanks , sir . 

686
00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:04,090
Yeah , 

687
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:12,550
she Hey , why don't you go ahead with a 

688
00:31:12,550 --> 00:31:15,500
question ? Yeah . Thank you . I've been 

689
00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:17,556
scrolling through the ones that from 

690
00:31:17,556 --> 00:31:20,990
our audience so on , some folks have 

691
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:23,167
questions that are very similar to the 

692
00:31:23,167 --> 00:31:25,222
ones that are on my mind , Dr Pepper 

693
00:31:25,222 --> 00:31:27,222
and I'd like to ask you a couple of 

694
00:31:27,222 --> 00:31:29,389
things that really is very much in the 

695
00:31:29,389 --> 00:31:31,500
forefront . Not only of our listeners 

696
00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:33,556
on this , but the general public and 

697
00:31:33,556 --> 00:31:35,444
that is some of the safety issues 

698
00:31:35,444 --> 00:31:37,667
around here . I think one of the things 

699
00:31:37,667 --> 00:31:39,833
that's gotten overlooked , maybe , and 

700
00:31:39,833 --> 00:31:41,722
you sort of touched on it in your 

701
00:31:41,722 --> 00:31:43,778
remarks is that what most people are 

702
00:31:43,778 --> 00:31:46,780
used to in terms of vaccines , that 

703
00:31:46,780 --> 00:31:48,891
they got his Children or flu vaccines 

704
00:31:48,891 --> 00:31:52,190
or things like that is a different now . 

705
00:31:52,190 --> 00:31:54,301
We have very different technologies , 

706
00:31:54,301 --> 00:31:56,468
and some of these air new technologies 

707
00:31:56,468 --> 00:31:58,640
that air really being applied for the 

708
00:31:58,640 --> 00:32:01,820
first time in vaccine development such 

709
00:32:01,820 --> 00:32:05,070
as messenger , R N A . And I would like , 

710
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:07,740
if possible , for you to address the 

711
00:32:07,740 --> 00:32:10,740
concerns that people have G I got a 

712
00:32:10,750 --> 00:32:12,972
infection from the vaccine or something 

713
00:32:12,972 --> 00:32:15,710
like that . Would , you know , what are 

714
00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:17,780
those concerns , Um , 

715
00:32:18,540 --> 00:32:21,970
relative to these new vaccines ? How 

716
00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:23,480
How's the safety profile ? 

717
00:32:27,940 --> 00:32:29,996
Yeah , So , first of all , thank you 

718
00:32:29,996 --> 00:32:32,107
for the question . And I think , um , 

719
00:32:32,107 --> 00:32:33,996
the , uh , probably make a couple 

720
00:32:33,996 --> 00:32:36,218
points and happy to elaborate further . 

721
00:32:36,218 --> 00:32:38,273
I think , um , I want to actually go 

722
00:32:38,273 --> 00:32:40,440
back to one of my previous comments in 

723
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,440
terms of volunteers and in terms of 

724
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:45,110
clinical trials . I think maybe most 

725
00:32:45,110 --> 00:32:47,330
people understand . But to state it 

726
00:32:47,330 --> 00:32:51,060
clearly that with every every 

727
00:32:51,060 --> 00:32:53,090
vaccine that's been administered as 

728
00:32:53,090 --> 00:32:55,140
part of Operation Warp Speed , it's 

729
00:32:55,140 --> 00:32:57,473
done in the context of a clinical trial . 

730
00:32:57,940 --> 00:33:00,051
What that starts with is that someone 

731
00:33:00,051 --> 00:33:02,530
makes that individual decision and says , 

732
00:33:02,530 --> 00:33:05,660
I'm willing to sign up as part of that 

733
00:33:05,660 --> 00:33:08,280
process . We explained the risks and 

734
00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,650
the potential benefits in detail . But 

735
00:33:10,650 --> 00:33:13,090
we also acknowledge that we don't know 

736
00:33:13,090 --> 00:33:15,700
everything there is to know about thes 

737
00:33:15,700 --> 00:33:18,540
vaccine . Um , it really again goes 

738
00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:20,651
back to that spirit of volunteerism . 

739
00:33:20,651 --> 00:33:22,762
We appreciate people that are willing 

740
00:33:22,762 --> 00:33:24,873
to do that , um , as part of this a z 

741
00:33:24,873 --> 00:33:27,710
part of developing these vaccines . But 

742
00:33:27,710 --> 00:33:30,270
what we also do , um , for their 

743
00:33:30,270 --> 00:33:32,910
willingness to volunteer is we monitor 

744
00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:36,040
them extremely closely to make sure 

745
00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:38,180
that they're not having side effects 

746
00:33:38,190 --> 00:33:39,860
and to make sure we're truly 

747
00:33:39,860 --> 00:33:42,310
understanding Um , the impact of these 

748
00:33:42,310 --> 00:33:45,870
vaccines . Um so when we when we say 

749
00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:48,190
30,000 patients what we're talking 

750
00:33:48,190 --> 00:33:50,850
about or 30,000 volunteers were saying 

751
00:33:50,850 --> 00:33:53,220
that 15,000 of those volunteers have 

752
00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:56,690
received a placebo , but 15,000 

753
00:33:56,700 --> 00:33:59,460
volunteers have already received these 

754
00:33:59,460 --> 00:34:01,550
vaccines and we're watching them 

755
00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:04,440
literally on a daily basis , um , to 

756
00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:07,440
say , how are the vaccines going , okay ? 

757
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:09,662
Are we seeing side effects from them or 

758
00:34:09,662 --> 00:34:11,829
not ? So I think that that's the first 

759
00:34:11,829 --> 00:34:14,310
point . Is that that safety standard ? 

760
00:34:14,310 --> 00:34:15,977
And then and then all of that 

761
00:34:15,977 --> 00:34:19,060
information is packaged , processed and 

762
00:34:19,060 --> 00:34:21,116
ultimately presented to the Food and 

763
00:34:21,116 --> 00:34:23,660
Drug Administration for an independent . 

764
00:34:23,670 --> 00:34:25,900
And I say again , independent 

765
00:34:25,910 --> 00:34:29,090
evaluation , um , to make sure that 

766
00:34:29,090 --> 00:34:31,180
these vaccines air safe . Um , the 

767
00:34:31,180 --> 00:34:34,330
second point is in terms of , uh , new 

768
00:34:34,330 --> 00:34:37,500
technologies , um , and and vaccine 

769
00:34:37,510 --> 00:34:39,843
sort of vaccine technologies in general . 

770
00:34:39,843 --> 00:34:43,600
Um , that we have been a zai previously 

771
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:45,878
mentioned . And as you mentioned , sir , 

772
00:34:45,878 --> 00:34:48,000
um , that there are very traditional 

773
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,000
ways of making vaccines , but we've 

774
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,300
also seen a lot of progress , Um , that 

775
00:34:52,300 --> 00:34:54,580
are accelerating , allowing us to make 

776
00:34:54,580 --> 00:34:57,440
vaccines faster . One of the benefits 

777
00:34:57,450 --> 00:34:59,561
that we think we're going to see from 

778
00:34:59,561 --> 00:35:01,506
this is that it also may make thes 

779
00:35:01,506 --> 00:35:04,460
vaccines safer as well . And what we've 

780
00:35:04,460 --> 00:35:06,349
seen with the products that we've 

781
00:35:06,349 --> 00:35:10,050
chosen , um , not for cove in 19 

782
00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:13,530
but for other pathogens that these 

783
00:35:13,530 --> 00:35:15,740
vaccines have been tested in clinical 

784
00:35:15,740 --> 00:35:18,850
trials and have shown us , uh , that 

785
00:35:18,850 --> 00:35:21,660
they are effective for other pathogens , 

786
00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:25,760
but also safe eso the essentially for 

787
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:28,000
each of the vaccines in our portfolio . 

788
00:35:28,010 --> 00:35:31,120
We've said Okay , Have you used this 

789
00:35:31,130 --> 00:35:34,000
similar technology for an Ebola vaccine 

790
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,320
or something like that ? And we look at 

791
00:35:36,330 --> 00:35:38,740
the detailed safety profile of every 

792
00:35:38,740 --> 00:35:41,130
person that received those vaccines , 

793
00:35:41,140 --> 00:35:44,460
and the safety profiles have looked to 

794
00:35:44,460 --> 00:35:47,450
be safe so far . Um , ultimately , 

795
00:35:47,450 --> 00:35:51,050
though , uh , we're not only saying 

796
00:35:51,060 --> 00:35:53,227
we're looking at these vaccines in the 

797
00:35:53,227 --> 00:35:56,020
short term for clinical trials , but as 

798
00:35:56,020 --> 00:35:59,720
part of the regulatory process , the 

799
00:35:59,720 --> 00:36:01,498
Food and Drug Administration is 

800
00:36:01,498 --> 00:36:04,440
providing guidance in terms of how will 

801
00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:06,710
we follow these people out for the 

802
00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:08,950
longer term ? Um , it's called Phar 

803
00:36:08,950 --> 00:36:11,530
Maco vigilance and that again , like 

804
00:36:11,540 --> 00:36:13,707
any other vaccine , we're meeting that 

805
00:36:13,707 --> 00:36:17,270
highest that highest standard eso that 

806
00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:21,220
the long term safety will be followed 

807
00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:24,170
according to regulation . Yeah , and I 

808
00:36:24,170 --> 00:36:26,337
think that gets that some of the other 

809
00:36:26,337 --> 00:36:28,503
concerns that we've heard expressed by 

810
00:36:28,503 --> 00:36:31,030
people , which is that if this whole 

811
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:33,360
process operation warp speed is pushing 

812
00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:36,270
things along at a fast pace , then does 

813
00:36:36,270 --> 00:36:38,437
that imply the corners are being cut , 

814
00:36:38,437 --> 00:36:40,603
that it may not be safe , etcetera And 

815
00:36:40,603 --> 00:36:43,060
I think what is not fully appreciated 

816
00:36:43,060 --> 00:36:46,210
is Aziz You mentioned the 

817
00:36:46,220 --> 00:36:49,770
technology is being used . Allow for 

818
00:36:49,770 --> 00:36:53,340
faster , uh , mass production 

819
00:36:53,350 --> 00:36:55,930
than has historically been the case 

820
00:36:55,930 --> 00:36:58,570
with vaccines . Uh , that , in some 

821
00:36:58,570 --> 00:37:01,140
cases , just because of the nature of 

822
00:37:01,140 --> 00:37:03,380
the technology , there's a somewhat 

823
00:37:03,380 --> 00:37:05,760
better safety profile . And I think you 

824
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:08,050
address two things in your comments 

825
00:37:08,060 --> 00:37:12,030
about the speed one is that they're 

826
00:37:12,030 --> 00:37:14,670
taking steps in parallel instead of in 

827
00:37:14,670 --> 00:37:16,726
sequence . And the risk to that is , 

828
00:37:16,726 --> 00:37:19,020
well , we may , you know , be paying 

829
00:37:19,020 --> 00:37:21,131
money for stuff that turns out to not 

830
00:37:21,131 --> 00:37:23,353
work , but a you know , better try five 

831
00:37:23,353 --> 00:37:25,464
things and wait for one to fail , and 

832
00:37:25,464 --> 00:37:28,200
then try another on the other point , 

833
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:30,256
though . And I want to drill down on 

834
00:37:30,256 --> 00:37:32,478
that is the clinical trials . It sounds 

835
00:37:32,478 --> 00:37:35,640
like if I'm correct in hearing you that 

836
00:37:35,650 --> 00:37:39,280
essentially , to expedite the 

837
00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:42,070
process , you all are the or the 

838
00:37:42,070 --> 00:37:44,040
vaccine candidates , and and their 

839
00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:47,760
sponsors are doing larger trials than 

840
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:49,927
they would normally at this stage . Is 

841
00:37:49,927 --> 00:37:52,820
that correct ? Yes , sir . Yes , sir . 

842
00:37:52,820 --> 00:37:54,709
We , uh we agree with all of your 

843
00:37:54,709 --> 00:37:56,876
points , and and if I could just add a 

844
00:37:56,876 --> 00:37:59,042
couple points , uh , we're not cutting 

845
00:37:59,042 --> 00:38:02,440
corners on safety . We're not cutting 

846
00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:04,980
corners on the quality of the 

847
00:38:04,980 --> 00:38:07,036
manufactured product . Those will be 

848
00:38:07,036 --> 00:38:09,036
done to the highest standards . And 

849
00:38:09,036 --> 00:38:11,360
we're not cutting corners in terms of 

850
00:38:11,370 --> 00:38:13,750
what would be expected from a 

851
00:38:13,750 --> 00:38:15,750
regulatory authority , the Food and 

852
00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:17,972
Drug Administration , which I think has 

853
00:38:17,972 --> 00:38:20,083
the highest standard in the world for 

854
00:38:20,083 --> 00:38:22,790
medical products . Um , we're going to 

855
00:38:22,790 --> 00:38:25,480
meet those standards . Um , I think 

856
00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:28,380
it's an important message . Andi , I 

857
00:38:28,380 --> 00:38:30,880
think we are practicing what we preach . 

858
00:38:30,890 --> 00:38:33,390
Um , I think one of the things that we 

859
00:38:33,390 --> 00:38:35,501
would also highlight is that the Food 

860
00:38:35,501 --> 00:38:37,612
and Drug Administration has published 

861
00:38:37,612 --> 00:38:39,612
guidelines , and that said , Here's 

862
00:38:39,612 --> 00:38:41,940
what we're going to expect for a cove 

863
00:38:41,940 --> 00:38:45,440
in 19 The the FDA has also had ah , 

864
00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,810
public meeting last week where they had 

865
00:38:47,810 --> 00:38:50,310
an open dialogue about . Here's how 

866
00:38:50,310 --> 00:38:52,477
we're going to evaluate these products 

867
00:38:52,477 --> 00:38:55,340
and here's Here's why . Um , we have 

868
00:38:55,340 --> 00:38:58,160
also with the products , um , in the 

869
00:38:58,170 --> 00:39:00,470
earlier phases of clinical trials and 

870
00:39:00,470 --> 00:39:03,120
in there pre clinical development , the 

871
00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:05,780
company's air publishing , publishing 

872
00:39:05,780 --> 00:39:08,113
their results in peer reviewed journals . 

873
00:39:08,113 --> 00:39:10,336
All of this not only is showing that we 

874
00:39:10,336 --> 00:39:13,720
don't cut corners , but I strongly feel 

875
00:39:13,730 --> 00:39:15,952
this has been an incredibly transparent 

876
00:39:15,952 --> 00:39:17,960
process so that people will have 

877
00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:20,510
confidence in the vaccines that were 

878
00:39:20,510 --> 00:39:23,230
generated , and my second point is yes , 

879
00:39:23,230 --> 00:39:25,286
to answer your question . Thes air , 

880
00:39:25,286 --> 00:39:27,170
large clinical trials , thes air 

881
00:39:27,170 --> 00:39:29,503
clinical trials that are enrolling , Ah , 

882
00:39:29,503 --> 00:39:31,670
lot of volunteers in a short period of 

883
00:39:31,670 --> 00:39:34,780
time thes air clinical trials where our 

884
00:39:34,790 --> 00:39:36,850
experts and our professionals are 

885
00:39:36,850 --> 00:39:39,680
working nights and weekends . And , um , 

886
00:39:39,690 --> 00:39:41,857
as you would expect we're doing that , 

887
00:39:41,857 --> 00:39:43,801
too . Um , but our partners in the 

888
00:39:43,801 --> 00:39:45,912
private sector that are running these 

889
00:39:45,912 --> 00:39:48,079
clinical trials are are working around 

890
00:39:48,079 --> 00:39:50,246
the clock to get these clinical trials 

891
00:39:50,246 --> 00:39:52,540
up and running . But it's ultimately 

892
00:39:52,550 --> 00:39:55,180
driven by again those people who have 

893
00:39:55,180 --> 00:39:57,180
said , you know , again , literally 

894
00:39:57,180 --> 00:39:59,291
thousands of people who are lining up 

895
00:39:59,291 --> 00:40:01,513
at the door of the clinical trial sites 

896
00:40:01,513 --> 00:40:03,680
saying , Please , I want to do my part 

897
00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:06,070
in volunteer . And if I could just ask 

898
00:40:06,070 --> 00:40:08,430
11 very interesting question that came 

899
00:40:08,430 --> 00:40:11,180
up from one of our viewers here , Tom , 

900
00:40:11,190 --> 00:40:13,720
that follows on this line . And and 

901
00:40:13,720 --> 00:40:17,080
that is that there is the probability 

902
00:40:17,090 --> 00:40:19,750
that there will be , or the possibility 

903
00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:21,890
that there will be more than one 

904
00:40:21,900 --> 00:40:25,130
vaccine available at the same time 

905
00:40:25,510 --> 00:40:29,100
for , uh , for Koven . And the 

906
00:40:29,100 --> 00:40:31,420
obvious question is , well , will 

907
00:40:31,420 --> 00:40:33,587
people have a choice ? And if so , how 

908
00:40:33,587 --> 00:40:36,450
would they choose which one to take I 

909
00:40:36,460 --> 00:40:38,460
thought that was a very interesting 

910
00:40:38,460 --> 00:40:40,404
question . Have you all given some 

911
00:40:40,404 --> 00:40:43,030
thought to that ? We have , um , you 

912
00:40:43,030 --> 00:40:44,863
know , not coincidentally , were 

913
00:40:44,863 --> 00:40:46,863
actually in a meeting talking about 

914
00:40:46,863 --> 00:40:49,030
this right before . So , um and I will 

915
00:40:49,030 --> 00:40:52,470
say , uh , it will be There will be 

916
00:40:52,470 --> 00:40:55,530
some complexity , but God , I hope we 

917
00:40:55,530 --> 00:40:57,830
have that problem . Um , we we went 

918
00:40:57,830 --> 00:41:00,290
into this process again , doing the 

919
00:41:00,290 --> 00:41:03,120
impossible with the thought of that we 

920
00:41:03,120 --> 00:41:05,320
were going to invest in six vaccines . 

921
00:41:05,330 --> 00:41:07,497
Um , with the hopes that we would have 

922
00:41:07,500 --> 00:41:10,740
won vaccine that makes it through all 

923
00:41:10,740 --> 00:41:13,140
of those typical challenges of medical 

924
00:41:13,140 --> 00:41:15,540
product development . Um , we still 

925
00:41:15,540 --> 00:41:17,730
have six that are on track . We're 

926
00:41:17,730 --> 00:41:19,674
thrilled that we've made this much 

927
00:41:19,674 --> 00:41:23,430
progress so far . Um , and but but we 

928
00:41:23,430 --> 00:41:26,890
are , um , working through . I think 

929
00:41:26,900 --> 00:41:28,730
our our department of defense 

930
00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:30,897
colleagues understand this very well . 

931
00:41:30,897 --> 00:41:33,570
It's contingency planning . So we have 

932
00:41:33,580 --> 00:41:36,130
in all aspects of operation warp speed 

933
00:41:36,130 --> 00:41:38,352
have thought about all of the different 

934
00:41:38,352 --> 00:41:41,250
scenarios and contingency plans . So , 

935
00:41:41,260 --> 00:41:43,640
um , there are scenarios where we might 

936
00:41:43,640 --> 00:41:46,370
have more than one vaccine that could 

937
00:41:46,370 --> 00:41:49,770
be useful . Now we The simple answer to 

938
00:41:49,770 --> 00:41:51,992
your question is that we're going toe . 

939
00:41:51,992 --> 00:41:55,190
Let the science uh , Dr , that process 

940
00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,450
in terms of which vaccines work best 

941
00:41:58,810 --> 00:42:01,830
for which people ? Meaning that , uh , 

942
00:42:01,840 --> 00:42:04,080
it is it is possible that we may have 

943
00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:06,570
equivalent efficacy on equivalent 

944
00:42:06,570 --> 00:42:08,940
safety across the board . Um , we could 

945
00:42:08,940 --> 00:42:11,310
also be in a scenario where one of our 

946
00:42:11,310 --> 00:42:13,870
vaccines preferentially works very well 

947
00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:16,980
in elderly populations that are most 

948
00:42:16,980 --> 00:42:20,270
vulnerable . So we would then , uh , 

949
00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:23,140
pivot our programs so that the vaccine 

950
00:42:23,140 --> 00:42:25,630
that works best in elderly are given 

951
00:42:25,630 --> 00:42:28,590
thio elderly volunteers . Ah , final 

952
00:42:28,590 --> 00:42:31,080
point that I'll make is that all all of 

953
00:42:31,080 --> 00:42:33,320
our vaccines in our portfolio are to 

954
00:42:33,320 --> 00:42:35,910
dose vaccines . Um , which , as 

955
00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:38,142
everyone can appreciate , adds a lot of 

956
00:42:38,142 --> 00:42:40,253
complexity . Um , the Jantzen vaccine 

957
00:42:40,253 --> 00:42:43,570
for which we are , uh , enrolling , as 

958
00:42:43,570 --> 00:42:45,737
I mentioned previously in the clinical 

959
00:42:45,737 --> 00:42:49,020
trial . Now , um is a one dose vaccine . 

960
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:51,830
And so we're again thinking through 

961
00:42:51,830 --> 00:42:54,540
contingency plans as well . Um , in 

962
00:42:54,540 --> 00:42:57,580
such situations where , um , if we have 

963
00:42:57,580 --> 00:42:59,747
a one dose vaccine , what would be the 

964
00:42:59,747 --> 00:43:02,360
optimal use of that right ? And 

965
00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:06,160
presumably the large , uh , studies 

966
00:43:06,170 --> 00:43:09,380
doing 30,000 in the phase three trial . 

967
00:43:09,380 --> 00:43:11,780
30,000 patients as opposed to , say , 

968
00:43:11,780 --> 00:43:14,190
5000 , as you mentioned earlier that 

969
00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:17,730
enables the companies 

970
00:43:17,740 --> 00:43:20,230
the sponsors and the f be A to get a 

971
00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:22,452
better handle on some of these issues , 

972
00:43:22,452 --> 00:43:25,920
like differences in age and 

973
00:43:25,930 --> 00:43:28,020
race . Another demographic issue ? 

974
00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:32,740
Yes , sir . Yes , that's perfect . 

975
00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:36,490
Yeah . So I think this question and I'm 

976
00:43:36,490 --> 00:43:38,323
gonna try and bundle a couple of 

977
00:43:38,323 --> 00:43:40,157
questions together because we're 

978
00:43:40,157 --> 00:43:39,930
getting a lot of good ones here . And 

979
00:43:39,930 --> 00:43:42,152
these things is for General Purna . And 

980
00:43:42,300 --> 00:43:44,522
I was hoping a lot of people have asked 

981
00:43:44,522 --> 00:43:46,689
about the military's role , you know , 

982
00:43:46,689 --> 00:43:49,022
in terms of distribution of the vaccine . 

983
00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:51,610
And they've also asked , um , should 

984
00:43:51,620 --> 00:43:53,453
you know , I've heard we have an 

985
00:43:53,453 --> 00:43:56,310
election coming up . Would would a 

986
00:43:56,320 --> 00:43:58,376
change in administration . How would 

987
00:43:58,376 --> 00:44:00,810
that affect operation warp speed ? 

988
00:44:02,890 --> 00:44:05,380
They sure . Thanks . Um , so real 

989
00:44:05,380 --> 00:44:07,790
quickly to answer the your first 

990
00:44:07,790 --> 00:44:11,120
question directly . The military is 

991
00:44:11,130 --> 00:44:14,930
providing , um , planning . Right . 

992
00:44:14,940 --> 00:44:17,640
We're helping with , you know , things 

993
00:44:17,650 --> 00:44:20,010
with logistics . 

994
00:44:20,690 --> 00:44:23,650
Augmentation programs , support , log 

995
00:44:23,650 --> 00:44:26,160
cap support . Um , we're running 

996
00:44:26,160 --> 00:44:29,680
program management , um , for them , 

997
00:44:29,690 --> 00:44:32,500
for the team . So what we're doing is 

998
00:44:32,500 --> 00:44:35,650
bringing enabling capability on 

999
00:44:35,650 --> 00:44:38,730
capacity to the fight . There will not 

1000
00:44:38,740 --> 00:44:41,880
be this vision that some people have . 

1001
00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:44,047
It will be army trucks driving through 

1002
00:44:44,047 --> 00:44:46,790
the streets delivering vaccine . Uh , 

1003
00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:50,310
that's not one feasible um , or the 

1004
00:44:50,310 --> 00:44:52,560
right way to do it . You know , this is 

1005
00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:54,727
the greatest country in the world . We 

1006
00:44:54,727 --> 00:44:56,393
know how to do this , right ? 

1007
00:44:56,393 --> 00:44:58,560
Commercial industry knows how to do it 

1008
00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:00,930
on . That's how we're gonna do it . Um , 

1009
00:45:00,940 --> 00:45:03,640
the second point . Your question . Um 

1010
00:45:03,650 --> 00:45:07,030
nope . You know , uh , you know , we're 

1011
00:45:07,040 --> 00:45:10,050
we got our we got our heads down and 

1012
00:45:10,050 --> 00:45:12,940
we're driving the sled . Um , and we're 

1013
00:45:12,940 --> 00:45:16,380
going thio execute our mission 

1014
00:45:16,390 --> 00:45:19,980
A z directed . And so I see nothing 

1015
00:45:19,980 --> 00:45:22,940
that would cause us to stop doing what 

1016
00:45:22,940 --> 00:45:25,520
we're doing . No matter the results of 

1017
00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:29,420
the election break , I would like to 

1018
00:45:29,420 --> 00:45:31,510
highlight , though again , we talked 

1019
00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:33,510
briefly about the whole of America 

1020
00:45:33,510 --> 00:45:35,670
approach . I want everybody to 

1021
00:45:35,670 --> 00:45:39,510
visualize really The brilliance of this , 

1022
00:45:39,520 --> 00:45:42,110
uh , of what we're doing here . Uh , 

1023
00:45:42,110 --> 00:45:45,600
and this is not my vision or doctor 

1024
00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:48,820
slouchy vision , but really of 

1025
00:45:48,820 --> 00:45:52,220
others who had the foresight and vision 

1026
00:45:52,220 --> 00:45:55,480
to bring the collective team 

1027
00:45:55,490 --> 00:45:59,400
together . This team is partnered , 

1028
00:45:59,450 --> 00:46:02,040
Ato , highest level by the Secretary of 

1029
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:04,100
Health and Human Services and the 

1030
00:46:04,100 --> 00:46:07,460
Secretary of Defense . We are a 

1031
00:46:07,460 --> 00:46:10,520
direct report to them . We don't have 

1032
00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:12,890
to go through staffs . We don't have to 

1033
00:46:12,890 --> 00:46:15,940
coordinate time . We are . Pick up the 

1034
00:46:15,940 --> 00:46:18,310
phone and we have direct and immediate 

1035
00:46:18,310 --> 00:46:22,250
access to these senior , uh , 

1036
00:46:22,260 --> 00:46:25,990
secretaries to , uh , everything 

1037
00:46:25,990 --> 00:46:29,040
we're doing , right ? Eyes from 

1038
00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:32,060
scratch , right ? This whole 

1039
00:46:32,270 --> 00:46:35,690
process is from built from the ground 

1040
00:46:35,690 --> 00:46:39,610
up scratch . There was no structure in 

1041
00:46:39,610 --> 00:46:42,390
execution . There was no 

1042
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:45,870
strategy in execution . There was no 

1043
00:46:45,870 --> 00:46:48,660
training , guidance or budget in 

1044
00:46:48,660 --> 00:46:52,150
execution . Uh , and all of it had to 

1045
00:46:52,150 --> 00:46:54,990
be brought together simultaneously . 

1046
00:46:55,180 --> 00:46:57,860
Aziz , we started our effort , uh , 

1047
00:46:57,870 --> 00:47:00,540
collectively . So we built the team , 

1048
00:47:00,550 --> 00:47:04,010
uh , across a zai talked 

1049
00:47:04,010 --> 00:47:07,160
about , uh , h H s Department of 

1050
00:47:07,160 --> 00:47:10,410
Defense industry , academia , uh , by 

1051
00:47:10,410 --> 00:47:12,990
those who we thought could contribute . 

1052
00:47:13,380 --> 00:47:16,970
Uh , and those who would help us , um , 

1053
00:47:16,980 --> 00:47:19,640
really , uh , make the strides 

1054
00:47:19,650 --> 00:47:22,460
necessary to achieve our goal by the 

1055
00:47:22,460 --> 00:47:26,180
end of the year . Uh , and so , uh , to 

1056
00:47:26,180 --> 00:47:29,540
that end , um , we really had 

1057
00:47:29,550 --> 00:47:32,160
thio , uh , as I said earlier , 

1058
00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:34,790
checking egos at the door , you had to 

1059
00:47:34,790 --> 00:47:37,450
come in . And no matter what you were a 

1060
00:47:37,450 --> 00:47:41,440
part of before you had thio one , 

1061
00:47:41,450 --> 00:47:43,900
um , shoulder the burden of 

1062
00:47:43,900 --> 00:47:47,250
responsibility of execution , not just , 

1063
00:47:47,260 --> 00:47:50,810
uh , sitting at the end of the table 

1064
00:47:51,180 --> 00:47:53,290
to you had to have the right 

1065
00:47:53,290 --> 00:47:57,160
relationships . Thio garner support 

1066
00:47:57,170 --> 00:47:59,790
in all that we were doing , Uh , and 

1067
00:47:59,790 --> 00:48:01,901
then three , You know , at the end of 

1068
00:48:01,901 --> 00:48:03,920
the day , we're all being held 

1069
00:48:03,920 --> 00:48:06,250
accountable , You know , to how far 

1070
00:48:06,250 --> 00:48:08,820
we're moving the ball . We're mildly 

1071
00:48:08,820 --> 00:48:11,890
interested in , uh , theory , 

1072
00:48:12,270 --> 00:48:16,160
um , or pontification of 

1073
00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:20,060
what could be , um we are every 

1074
00:48:20,060 --> 00:48:23,410
single day , all of us , uh , Dr slowly 

1075
00:48:23,410 --> 00:48:26,050
myself , Matt Hepburn , other members 

1076
00:48:26,050 --> 00:48:28,340
of the team . We received hundreds of 

1077
00:48:28,340 --> 00:48:30,780
emails from people with recommendation , 

1078
00:48:31,270 --> 00:48:33,437
and I gotta tell you that some of them 

1079
00:48:33,437 --> 00:48:35,714
are very illuminating and very helpful . 

1080
00:48:35,870 --> 00:48:38,040
Andi and they're welcomed . And we're 

1081
00:48:38,050 --> 00:48:40,380
really appreciative that we receive 

1082
00:48:40,380 --> 00:48:43,070
them on the other side of the spectrum , 

1083
00:48:43,070 --> 00:48:46,100
though , we get a lot of conversation 

1084
00:48:46,110 --> 00:48:48,930
about everything we're doing and how 

1085
00:48:48,930 --> 00:48:51,400
it's not gonna work and how it's not 

1086
00:48:51,400 --> 00:48:54,050
the right way to do it . Um , you know , 

1087
00:48:54,050 --> 00:48:56,900
quite frankly , not very helpful . Um , 

1088
00:48:56,910 --> 00:49:00,200
you know , So my thing is , is being 

1089
00:49:00,200 --> 00:49:02,390
part of the team , help us become 

1090
00:49:02,390 --> 00:49:05,090
successful , understand that this has 

1091
00:49:05,090 --> 00:49:08,490
never , ever been done before . 

1092
00:49:08,870 --> 00:49:12,840
Um , and we have successfully so far , 

1093
00:49:12,850 --> 00:49:14,950
taking a process that normally takes 

1094
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:17,780
between five and 10 years . Built an 

1095
00:49:17,780 --> 00:49:21,110
extraordinary team . Uh , put it all 

1096
00:49:21,110 --> 00:49:23,890
together . And we are , uh , 

1097
00:49:24,370 --> 00:49:26,590
successfully driving down the field . 

1098
00:49:27,070 --> 00:49:29,830
Um , so at the end of the day , come be 

1099
00:49:29,830 --> 00:49:32,470
a part of what we're doing . Come help 

1100
00:49:32,470 --> 00:49:35,110
us do a better . But sitting on the 

1101
00:49:35,110 --> 00:49:38,000
sidelines , just poking away is not 

1102
00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:41,080
helpful . Toe what we're doing over 

1103
00:49:42,870 --> 00:49:44,990
great . Thank you very much again . I 

1104
00:49:44,990 --> 00:49:47,157
have a lot of questions that I want to 

1105
00:49:47,157 --> 00:49:49,434
get through . As many as possible . Dr . 

1106
00:49:49,434 --> 00:49:51,379
Pepper , maybe this is for you . A 

1107
00:49:51,379 --> 00:49:53,601
couple of people have asked , Does this 

1108
00:49:53,601 --> 00:49:55,601
does this effort that you're in now 

1109
00:49:55,601 --> 00:49:57,712
change fundamentally how vaccines are 

1110
00:49:57,712 --> 00:49:59,934
developed in this country ? Who have we 

1111
00:49:59,934 --> 00:50:02,780
moved the goalposts ? Uh , permanently . 

1112
00:50:02,780 --> 00:50:04,836
Or is this just a thing ? And are we 

1113
00:50:04,836 --> 00:50:06,990
going to go back toe 8 to 10 year 

1114
00:50:07,460 --> 00:50:10,050
vaccine development cycles ? And then , 

1115
00:50:10,060 --> 00:50:11,949
if I could piggy back on that , a 

1116
00:50:11,949 --> 00:50:14,500
couple of people asked about the really 

1117
00:50:14,500 --> 00:50:16,810
cold temperatures that some of these 

1118
00:50:16,810 --> 00:50:19,540
vaccines may have to be stored at Could 

1119
00:50:19,550 --> 00:50:21,661
Could one of you talk to what kind of 

1120
00:50:21,760 --> 00:50:23,816
challenges and solutions we have for 

1121
00:50:23,816 --> 00:50:24,816
that situation ? 

1122
00:50:27,860 --> 00:50:30,880
Sure . So , um , happy to start ? Uh , 

1123
00:50:30,890 --> 00:50:33,330
yeah , frankly , I find it profoundly 

1124
00:50:33,330 --> 00:50:36,380
exciting to say to imagine a world 

1125
00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:40,080
post pandemic where we can rapidly 

1126
00:50:40,080 --> 00:50:43,050
develop treatments where we can rapidly 

1127
00:50:43,050 --> 00:50:45,710
develop vaccines . Um , not only for 

1128
00:50:45,710 --> 00:50:48,430
the new threats , uh , that come up 

1129
00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:50,830
that we weren't expecting . But for all 

1130
00:50:50,830 --> 00:50:53,580
of those infections that that plague us , 

1131
00:50:53,590 --> 00:50:56,760
um , as a global community , so So I do 

1132
00:50:56,760 --> 00:51:00,440
hope we can revolutionize vaccine 

1133
00:51:00,440 --> 00:51:02,662
development . I hope we can show people 

1134
00:51:02,662 --> 00:51:05,700
what is possible . Um uh , in terms of 

1135
00:51:05,710 --> 00:51:08,880
of how , um , how we can 

1136
00:51:08,890 --> 00:51:11,780
achieve accelerated product development 

1137
00:51:11,780 --> 00:51:14,450
without compromising the making Sure 

1138
00:51:14,450 --> 00:51:16,172
that the vaccines are safe and 

1139
00:51:16,172 --> 00:51:18,394
effective . And I'm glad you brought it 

1140
00:51:18,394 --> 00:51:21,660
up . Yeah , Tom , I saw an interesting 

1141
00:51:21,660 --> 00:51:24,330
question here . If I can jump in from 

1142
00:51:24,340 --> 00:51:28,310
one of our , uh , listeners and it 

1143
00:51:28,310 --> 00:51:30,630
was asking about the estimated duration 

1144
00:51:30,630 --> 00:51:32,700
of protection that these vaccine 

1145
00:51:32,700 --> 00:51:34,811
candidates will get that's one of the 

1146
00:51:34,811 --> 00:51:37,380
open questions Is okay . If that 

1147
00:51:37,390 --> 00:51:39,690
generates a response , how long does 

1148
00:51:39,690 --> 00:51:42,380
that response last ? Um , do you have 

1149
00:51:42,380 --> 00:51:44,850
anything you can share with us on that 

1150
00:51:44,860 --> 00:51:47,027
Dr Hepburn ? Or is that just something 

1151
00:51:47,027 --> 00:51:48,804
we have to wait . We'll get the 

1152
00:51:48,804 --> 00:51:51,700
clinical trial results . Well , we're 

1153
00:51:51,710 --> 00:51:54,620
We are gonna have to wait . Uh , we're 

1154
00:51:54,620 --> 00:51:56,731
gonna have to wait until the clinical 

1155
00:51:56,731 --> 00:51:58,898
trials results . And but the intention 

1156
00:51:58,898 --> 00:52:01,220
is this is why , uh , the people that 

1157
00:52:01,220 --> 00:52:03,387
are vaccinated in the clinical trial . 

1158
00:52:03,387 --> 00:52:05,498
Now , our intention is to follow them 

1159
00:52:05,498 --> 00:52:07,940
for up to two years so that we can get 

1160
00:52:07,940 --> 00:52:10,870
a better idea on that critically 

1161
00:52:10,870 --> 00:52:12,759
important question of duration of 

1162
00:52:12,759 --> 00:52:14,703
protection . Um , what we are also 

1163
00:52:14,703 --> 00:52:17,280
doing , though and again , we're we are 

1164
00:52:17,280 --> 00:52:19,960
informed by great scientists and the 

1165
00:52:19,960 --> 00:52:21,960
National Institute of Health and an 

1166
00:52:21,960 --> 00:52:24,260
academic collaborations . Um , that 

1167
00:52:24,260 --> 00:52:26,790
we're watching . We don't understand 

1168
00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:28,690
the duration of protection from 

1169
00:52:28,700 --> 00:52:31,410
coronavirus infection itself . So can 

1170
00:52:31,410 --> 00:52:34,570
you get coronavirus again ? Um , and 

1171
00:52:34,580 --> 00:52:37,280
there's a lot of recent publications 

1172
00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:39,520
that air coming out getting a better 

1173
00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:42,120
characterization of the immune response 

1174
00:52:42,120 --> 00:52:45,080
to coronavirus infection . All of that 

1175
00:52:45,090 --> 00:52:47,520
scientific knowledge is just feeding 

1176
00:52:47,520 --> 00:52:50,240
into our vaccine programs so that we 

1177
00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:52,296
are understanding that understanding 

1178
00:52:52,296 --> 00:52:54,073
that duration of protection and 

1179
00:52:54,073 --> 00:52:56,220
ultimately that we will design the 

1180
00:52:56,220 --> 00:52:59,420
trials , um , and the medical research 

1181
00:52:59,420 --> 00:53:03,380
to answer it great . I mean , 

1182
00:53:03,390 --> 00:53:05,650
uh , pick up on a question that a 

1183
00:53:05,650 --> 00:53:07,539
couple of people have asked , and 

1184
00:53:07,539 --> 00:53:09,761
that's and I'm sure you probably have a 

1185
00:53:09,761 --> 00:53:09,510
word for that operation work speed , 

1186
00:53:09,510 --> 00:53:13,170
but it's vaccine hesitancy . And so 

1187
00:53:13,170 --> 00:53:15,760
some people , reluctant in the best of 

1188
00:53:15,760 --> 00:53:17,760
times to get a vaccine and and this 

1189
00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,990
might be a bit more than that . What ? 

1190
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:22,000
What are your plans ? I guess going 

1191
00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:24,167
forward to kind of try and attack this 

1192
00:53:24,167 --> 00:53:26,056
problem that this'll fear of this 

1193
00:53:26,056 --> 00:53:28,167
reluctance . People might have to get 

1194
00:53:28,167 --> 00:53:31,960
these vaccines that way . 

1195
00:53:31,960 --> 00:53:34,800
Are we acknowledge ? We acknowledge . 

1196
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:38,480
Appreciate . Um and , uh , acknowledge . 

1197
00:53:38,480 --> 00:53:40,840
Appreciated . We've been very kind of 

1198
00:53:40,850 --> 00:53:43,910
thoughtful about . This is this is that 

1199
00:53:43,910 --> 00:53:45,743
is a much bigger issue than just 

1200
00:53:45,743 --> 00:53:47,688
operation warp speed . But it will 

1201
00:53:47,688 --> 00:53:50,150
certainly impact what we dio , um , 

1202
00:53:50,160 --> 00:53:52,271
from my standpoint , and I'll turn it 

1203
00:53:52,271 --> 00:53:54,271
over to general partner for further 

1204
00:53:54,271 --> 00:53:56,271
comment . From my standpoint , what 

1205
00:53:56,271 --> 00:53:57,993
we've said is it's the product 

1206
00:53:57,993 --> 00:54:00,160
development . This is why we don't cut 

1207
00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:02,271
corners . This is why we make sure we 

1208
00:54:02,271 --> 00:54:04,760
maintain the highest ethical quality 

1209
00:54:04,760 --> 00:54:07,170
and regulatory standards and that we're 

1210
00:54:07,170 --> 00:54:09,510
transparent , um , throughout the 

1211
00:54:09,510 --> 00:54:12,280
process , so that we can create a sense 

1212
00:54:12,280 --> 00:54:15,250
of confidence . Um , that what we know 

1213
00:54:15,250 --> 00:54:18,240
is being communicated publicly so that 

1214
00:54:18,240 --> 00:54:20,970
people can make the decision about 

1215
00:54:20,970 --> 00:54:23,750
these vaccines , but that again , where 

1216
00:54:23,750 --> 00:54:25,806
you can help us today . Everybody on 

1217
00:54:25,806 --> 00:54:28,028
the phone , um , conveying that message 

1218
00:54:28,028 --> 00:54:30,139
that we're doing everything we can to 

1219
00:54:30,139 --> 00:54:32,306
assess these vaccines for their safety 

1220
00:54:32,306 --> 00:54:34,528
as well as their efficacy . Hopefully , 

1221
00:54:34,528 --> 00:54:36,900
that will inspire confidence that once 

1222
00:54:36,900 --> 00:54:38,956
we show that these vaccines meet the 

1223
00:54:38,956 --> 00:54:41,710
regulatory standards , that people will 

1224
00:54:41,710 --> 00:54:43,654
be willing to get the shot general 

1225
00:54:43,654 --> 00:54:45,960
partner . Yeah , I just would add to 

1226
00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:49,500
that I have 100% confidence that we 

1227
00:54:49,500 --> 00:54:52,450
have executed to make sure that the 

1228
00:54:52,450 --> 00:54:55,610
vaccines are safe on in the 

1229
00:54:55,610 --> 00:54:58,240
development . I feel confident that 

1230
00:54:58,250 --> 00:55:01,670
they'll demonstrate efficacy , uh , 

1231
00:55:01,680 --> 00:55:05,450
against the virus . Um , in that 

1232
00:55:05,450 --> 00:55:09,050
light , I also have 100% confidence . 

1233
00:55:09,440 --> 00:55:12,340
Uh , Dr . Hepburn alluded to in what I 

1234
00:55:12,340 --> 00:55:14,284
think is the gold standard for the 

1235
00:55:14,284 --> 00:55:17,560
world . Uh , and that's our FDA on 

1236
00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:19,671
their approach to determining whether 

1237
00:55:19,671 --> 00:55:21,460
or not the vaccine is safe and 

1238
00:55:21,460 --> 00:55:25,250
effective on . And , um , we will 

1239
00:55:25,250 --> 00:55:28,210
make sure that we will follow the 

1240
00:55:28,210 --> 00:55:31,510
science . Um , to that end , we will 

1241
00:55:31,510 --> 00:55:34,230
not distribute vaccines that are not 

1242
00:55:34,230 --> 00:55:36,780
determined , safe and effective . Um , 

1243
00:55:36,790 --> 00:55:39,470
and you could take my personal word for 

1244
00:55:39,470 --> 00:55:43,210
that . Um , Aziz ? Well , as you know . 

1245
00:55:43,220 --> 00:55:45,460
Well , just my word . I don't want to 

1246
00:55:45,460 --> 00:55:49,050
speak for others . Um , the what I 

1247
00:55:49,050 --> 00:55:51,217
think about every day when I come into 

1248
00:55:51,217 --> 00:55:54,090
work . Quite frankly , Um , and just to 

1249
00:55:54,090 --> 00:55:56,590
personalize it for me , right ? I think 

1250
00:55:56,590 --> 00:55:59,600
about my 84 year old mother and her 

1251
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,400
husband , right ? I think about my 

1252
00:56:02,400 --> 00:56:05,540
three granddaughters . Right . And then , 

1253
00:56:05,540 --> 00:56:08,120
of course , um , extended all the way 

1254
00:56:08,120 --> 00:56:10,231
through all my family and friends and 

1255
00:56:10,231 --> 00:56:12,520
everybody I've ever served with over 

1256
00:56:12,520 --> 00:56:15,470
the last 39 years . Right ? That's how 

1257
00:56:15,470 --> 00:56:17,990
I extend myself personally to this 

1258
00:56:17,990 --> 00:56:21,410
effort . Uh , and you know , nobody in 

1259
00:56:21,410 --> 00:56:24,370
this organization . This task force is 

1260
00:56:24,370 --> 00:56:27,450
gonna allow ah , vaccine to go out to 

1261
00:56:27,450 --> 00:56:29,700
the American people . That is not safe 

1262
00:56:29,700 --> 00:56:32,170
and effective . Andi , it would just be 

1263
00:56:32,170 --> 00:56:35,710
shameful if we get a vaccine out to the 

1264
00:56:35,710 --> 00:56:38,280
American people . And people don't take 

1265
00:56:38,280 --> 00:56:41,950
it because , um , there there's 

1266
00:56:41,950 --> 00:56:44,310
doubt or concern . So we're working 

1267
00:56:44,310 --> 00:56:47,780
hard diligently to , um , increase 

1268
00:56:47,780 --> 00:56:50,960
confidence , Uh , in the vaccine . Uh , 

1269
00:56:50,970 --> 00:56:53,820
it'll be everybody's individual right 

1270
00:56:53,830 --> 00:56:55,941
to determine whether or not they want 

1271
00:56:55,941 --> 00:56:59,740
the vaccine . But , you know , uh , 

1272
00:56:59,930 --> 00:57:02,360
what we stand behind is the safety and 

1273
00:57:02,360 --> 00:57:05,110
the efficacy of the vaccine that will 

1274
00:57:05,110 --> 00:57:07,110
be delivered to the American people 

1275
00:57:07,240 --> 00:57:11,190
over . Great one last 

1276
00:57:11,190 --> 00:57:13,412
question that we may go over a bit over 

1277
00:57:13,412 --> 00:57:15,301
the hours , so I'll understand if 

1278
00:57:15,301 --> 00:57:17,412
people have to leave . It's got to do 

1279
00:57:17,412 --> 00:57:19,246
with the actual I would call the 

1280
00:57:19,246 --> 00:57:21,412
tactical distribution of the vaccine . 

1281
00:57:21,412 --> 00:57:23,523
The who decides between the elderly , 

1282
00:57:23,523 --> 00:57:25,634
the first responders , all those type 

1283
00:57:25,634 --> 00:57:27,640
of things . Where is those lines 

1284
00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:29,740
between the federal government 

1285
00:57:29,740 --> 00:57:32,640
Operation warp speed and the states and 

1286
00:57:32,640 --> 00:57:34,862
the territories and that . Can you talk 

1287
00:57:34,862 --> 00:57:38,610
about that briefly ? Yeah , I think so . 

1288
00:57:38,610 --> 00:57:40,777
I'll make some initial comments on the 

1289
00:57:40,777 --> 00:57:42,999
product development and scientific site 

1290
00:57:42,999 --> 00:57:44,832
and then handed over for general 

1291
00:57:44,832 --> 00:57:46,999
partner in terms of the distribution . 

1292
00:57:46,999 --> 00:57:49,166
I think you know , we what we are . We 

1293
00:57:49,166 --> 00:57:51,280
have designed our clinical trials to 

1294
00:57:51,280 --> 00:57:53,860
really assess , um , if this vaccine 

1295
00:57:53,860 --> 00:57:55,693
will protect those that are most 

1296
00:57:55,693 --> 00:57:58,340
vulnerable . Um , those those broad 

1297
00:57:58,340 --> 00:58:01,070
categories are people , the elderly or 

1298
00:58:01,070 --> 00:58:04,580
or people over 65 also people with 

1299
00:58:04,590 --> 00:58:06,650
other types of medical conditions . 

1300
00:58:07,020 --> 00:58:09,187
We're ensuring that a large percentage 

1301
00:58:09,187 --> 00:58:11,242
of our clinical trials are enrolling 

1302
00:58:11,242 --> 00:58:14,560
those volunteers , Um , so that we can 

1303
00:58:14,560 --> 00:58:17,380
under understand how effective it is . 

1304
00:58:17,390 --> 00:58:19,660
Um and I hope it will be So . The 

1305
00:58:19,660 --> 00:58:21,827
answer to your question , ultimately , 

1306
00:58:21,827 --> 00:58:24,310
is that the first step is to really 

1307
00:58:24,310 --> 00:58:26,550
understand how these vaccines perform 

1308
00:58:26,820 --> 00:58:29,190
again . We emphasize the science drives 

1309
00:58:29,200 --> 00:58:32,380
the process once we understand that it 

1310
00:58:32,380 --> 00:58:34,910
will go into a prioritization process , 

1311
00:58:34,920 --> 00:58:37,031
and I'll let General Purna comments a 

1312
00:58:37,031 --> 00:58:39,670
little bit more on them . So as Dr 

1313
00:58:39,670 --> 00:58:42,840
Hepburn really did a great job talking . 

1314
00:58:42,850 --> 00:58:45,017
The science will drive it . It will be 

1315
00:58:45,017 --> 00:58:46,850
determined . Um , the safety and 

1316
00:58:46,850 --> 00:58:49,790
efficacy by the FDA . The C . D . C . 

1317
00:58:49,800 --> 00:58:53,190
Will play a role in helping to define , 

1318
00:58:53,200 --> 00:58:56,170
uh , based on the FDA findings the 

1319
00:58:56,170 --> 00:58:59,610
priority and recommendation of of how 

1320
00:58:59,610 --> 00:59:02,470
the vaccine will be distributed on and 

1321
00:59:02,470 --> 00:59:04,480
then , of course , approved by the 

1322
00:59:04,480 --> 00:59:06,640
Health and Human Services Secretary , 

1323
00:59:06,920 --> 00:59:10,200
Um , accordingly , a T that time will 

1324
00:59:10,200 --> 00:59:14,060
distribute vaccines accordingly to all 

1325
00:59:14,060 --> 00:59:16,940
of America . Simultaneously , we will 

1326
00:59:16,940 --> 00:59:19,580
make sure that there is equitable 

1327
00:59:19,580 --> 00:59:22,980
distribution . Um , it in accordance 

1328
00:59:22,980 --> 00:59:26,000
with that priority on , then the states 

1329
00:59:26,010 --> 00:59:29,760
will you know they own . They own the 

1330
00:59:29,760 --> 00:59:32,550
actual final distribution and 

1331
00:59:32,550 --> 00:59:34,930
administration down to , uh , 

1332
00:59:34,940 --> 00:59:38,650
individual arms , Um , and so really a 

1333
00:59:38,660 --> 00:59:40,993
collective team approach to that effort . 

1334
00:59:40,993 --> 00:59:43,360
Over . Yeah . In general , my 

1335
00:59:43,360 --> 00:59:45,680
understanding states have submitted 

1336
00:59:45,680 --> 00:59:49,500
plans to HHS and C . D . C on 

1337
00:59:49,510 --> 00:59:51,370
the local distribution . Is that 

1338
00:59:51,370 --> 00:59:54,750
correct ? Yes . They did a remarkable 

1339
00:59:54,750 --> 00:59:57,680
job . They've all submitted plans . We 

1340
00:59:57,680 --> 01:00:01,200
spent about 5 to 7 days reviewing them , 

1341
01:00:01,210 --> 01:00:03,870
providing synopsis , and we returned on 

1342
01:00:03,880 --> 01:00:07,080
yesterday . Um , all weekend teams were 

1343
01:00:07,080 --> 01:00:08,858
working on them and return them 

1344
01:00:08,858 --> 01:00:10,750
yesterday so that we continually 

1345
01:00:10,750 --> 01:00:14,280
improve you know our effort to make 

1346
01:00:14,280 --> 01:00:16,224
sure it's done the right way . All 

1347
01:00:16,224 --> 01:00:19,640
right , get secretary is rto 

1348
01:00:19,650 --> 01:00:21,872
disseminate those more broadly . Yeah , 

1349
01:00:21,872 --> 01:00:23,150
that would be helped . 

1350
01:00:25,410 --> 01:00:27,650
Well , teammates , we have run to the 

1351
01:00:27,650 --> 01:00:29,872
end of our time . Although I personally 

1352
01:00:29,872 --> 01:00:31,928
could go another hour . So listen to 

1353
01:00:31,928 --> 01:00:34,150
this great discussion . I want to thank 

1354
01:00:34,150 --> 01:00:36,039
General Purna , Dr Pepper one for 

1355
01:00:36,039 --> 01:00:38,480
participating today , but in more 

1356
01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:40,536
general terms for your great work on 

1357
01:00:40,536 --> 01:00:42,536
this . I know you're working really 

1358
01:00:42,536 --> 01:00:44,313
long hours , and it's not going 

1359
01:00:44,313 --> 01:00:46,536
unnoticed by American . So thank you so 

1360
01:00:46,536 --> 01:00:48,702
much for joining us today . I wanna on 

1361
01:00:48,702 --> 01:00:50,924
behalf of Ed , and I thank you for your 

1362
01:00:50,924 --> 01:00:53,440
time today and wish everybody on this 

1363
01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:57,330
call a great thing . General Permanent . 

1364
01:00:57,710 --> 01:01:01,200
Dr Hepburn . Thank you . Thank you . 

1365
01:01:01,210 --> 01:01:02,330
Thank you .