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Vivian Schiller , executive director of 

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Aspen Digital . As a reminder , you can 

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find the full summit agenda and bios of 

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all our speakers at Aspen Cyber summit 

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dot org . I want to thank Fireeye , 

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Intel and Proofpoint for making this 

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week's summit possible and helping us 

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convene such an important set of 

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conversations . We would also like to 

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acknowledge Blue Vector , Sigma N A and 

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the American Gas Association for their 

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additional support . I am now pleased 

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to introduce Stephanie Mehta , the 

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editor in chief of Fast Company , who 

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will be leading a discussion with three 

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senior leaders of the U . S . 

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Intelligence community about emerging 

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technologies and driving innovation 

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inside government . Stephanie , I turn 

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it over to you . Thank you so much , 

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Vivian , and thank you all for joining 

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us today , Miss Vivian said . My name 

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is Stephanie Method . I'm editor of 

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Fast Company , and I'm so excited to be 

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leading this conversation about driving 

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innovation inside government . We have 

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an amazing group of leaders who are 

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going to help us talk about this 

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subject . And as Vivian mentioned , you 

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can read their full bios on the Aspen 

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Cyber summit site . But let me briefly 

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go ahead and introduce them to you . 

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Today we're joined by Dr Stacey Dixon . 

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She is the eighth deputy director of 

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the National Geospatial Intelligence 

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Agency , where she helps lead the 

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agency and manage the national system 

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for Geospatial intelligence . She's 

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been in this role since June of 2019 , 

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and before that she was director at the 

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Intelligence Advanced Research Projects 

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Agency . Dr . Dixon was succeeded at I 

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R Pa by our next Panelist , Dr . 

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Katherine Marsh is director of the 

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Intelligence Advanced Research Projects 

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Activity and Agency . As head of I R Pa . 

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Dr Marsh leads a multi disciplinary 

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research program to help develop 

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technologies for national intelligence 

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missions . And prior to her role here , 

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she served as the CIA's chief scientist 

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in the Directorate of Science and 

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Technology , and she also served as the 

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DS and TS primary science adviser . Our 

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third Panelist today is an Neuberger . 

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She is the director of the Cyber 

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Security Directorate at the National 

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Security Agency . Uh , Miss New Burgers 

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Directorate is basically designed to 

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help combat the evolving threat 

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landscape . She's also in charge of 

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capitalizing on the ability to set 

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security standards and make 

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vulnerability assessments , and she's 

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here to enhance partnerships with cyber 

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command , Homeland Security , the FBI 

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and , of course , private industry on . 

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We're going to be talking a lot about 

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partnerships and private industry as 

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part of this discussion . Welcome to 

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all of the Panelists . Uh , let 

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me start by asking , um , each of the 

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Panelists and I think we'll just go 

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alphabetically down the road , um , to 

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talk a little bit about the 

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technologies , um , that excite you 

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most and the technologies or 

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innovations that give you pause or 

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scare you or that that seemed like 

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threats . Let's start with Dr Dixon . 

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What excites you and what scares you . 

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Thanks , Stephanie . It's interesting 

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for me . There is overlap there . So 

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from the juice spatial perspective and 

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in the line of work that we're in , I'm 

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looking mainly at satellites and the 

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amount of information that's out there 

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from which we can derive Intel 

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intelligence . So there are over 90 

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different constellations of Earth 

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observing satellites that we have are 

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tracking the development of , and many 

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of those were gonna provide a lot of 

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information that we and the government 

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are going to be able to use . Some will 

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be owned by other countries . Some will 

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be owned by other governments . That is 

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a lot of data as to what's happening in 

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our country , but more importantly for 

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us , it's a lot of data information as 

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to what's happening in other countries . 

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So being able to use that leverage 

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automation to help us to triage through 

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it and to leverage that information is 

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really something that I'm really 

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excited about on we found even during 

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this sort of cove in 19 time period , 

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how much of this date has been really 

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useful for our mission ? A . Z . We're 

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trying to work on a tele work 

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environment . We will have a chance to 

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talk about that a little bit later . 

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I'm also worried about it because it 

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means that it's a lot harder to hide or 

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protect the things that we need to be 

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hiding and protecting . And from the 

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intelligence perspective , it will 

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change the way that we do business in 

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many ways , eh ? So it's a balance of 

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both of those things , but we need to 

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understand it . Number one , and so we 

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in particular have created what we're 

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calling geo insurance , which helps us 

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help others understand what's overhead , 

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what others can see , that we may not 

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want them to be seeing . And how do you 

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should've best protect yourself ? So , 

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uh , the the explosion of data , both 

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satellite and others is sort of both 

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the thing that I see an opportunity and 

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as well as that sort of scares me , at 

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times , we'll definitely want to come 

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back thio some of the challenges and 

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remote work issues . You you referenced . 

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Uh , Dr Marsh , same question for you . 

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What technologies excite you most , and 

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then what ? Technologies or innovations 

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make you nervous . 

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We need you to , um you 

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can you hear me ? Here we go . So it's 

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fascinating . Uh , life is different . 

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And , uh , for me , I'm a battery geek , 

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and I am continued to be battery geek . 

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And so , being excited about what the 

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new capabilities are because that 

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provides a enhanced range and , uh , 

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the ability to do things that doesn't 

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do right . Uh , you know , I've been 

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involved with that . So that's always 

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going to be an excitement area for me , 

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because I'm , um But , uh , you know , 

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I'm also really excited about the 

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advances that we see coming on in 

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quantum and quantum computing . And was 

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that enabled ? So Aziz basically 

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mentioned about the large amounts of 

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data as we progress and push quantum 

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computing and quantum capabilities 

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that's gonna help Was being able to 

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process that enormous amount of data . 

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Um , and you know , but from a what 

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scares the living daylights out of me 

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is really , uh , the bioterrorism kinds 

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of capabilities that are out there . 

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The ability and easy access Thio , uh , 

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mutate genes right to genetically edit 

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things and then unintentionally or 

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intentionally create some sort of , ah 

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backlash as a consequence of that that 

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could , um , make things dangerous in 

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the world . So worry about that . And I 

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worry about , um , you know , 

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ubiquitous sensors and the enormous 

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amount of data that's out there 

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everywhere that being collected about 

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our people . Um , as they try Thio move 

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around in this world , I think that 

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those are the things that I really have 

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to worry about . Yeah , fascinating and 

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well again . Want to come back and talk 

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about about all of those things ? Um , 

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Director Neuberger , what scares you , 

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But more importantly , what excites you ? 

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I love the order of that question . 

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You're right . What's more important is 

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what excites . So the first thing above 

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all is machine learning . It gives us 

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the opportunity to perform analysis at 

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a level off complexity deeper than 

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humans can . For example , machine 

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language enabled software reverse 

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engineering with tools like Hydra , 

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which we open sourced recently , And it 

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also enables us to make better , faster 

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decisions . Is Dr Dixon talked about ? 

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We look at the broad scale of data 

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that's available and actually sorting 

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and prioritizing data , video speech , 

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image and text analytics and enabling 

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us to make decisions faster , 

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particularly the national security 

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community . You can come to conclusions 

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faster . Um , from a security 

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perspective , identify more quickly 

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classified . Now we're really promising 

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in terms of an opportunity . You know , 

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a second area of opportunity that 

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really excited about is really what's 

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happening in the space industry , where 

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on the technology side , we see much 

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more highly integrated systems , hosted 

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payloads so we can take advantage in 

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the national security world of 

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commercial technologies . Certainly 

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larger constellations an explosion of 

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space companies . On the flip side of 

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that , you know , our mission here , 

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one of our missions , we build a 

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cryptography that protects the nation's 

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most sensitive systems across the 

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national security missions on as such 

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to , in order to take advantage of I'll 

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talk specifically about the second item 

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about the space industry . We know we 

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need to come up with different 

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approaches to , for example , allow us 

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to do crypto at low size , weight and 

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power allow us to provide crypto for 

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proliferated constellations . So with 

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those opportunities , both comes 

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creative things we need to approach on 

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do as well as potential risks of how we 

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defend against adversaries using the 

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same kind of interesting technologies 

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for harm . You know , in just 

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five minutes , we've covered a dizzying 

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array of topics . We've covered bio 

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threats and biotechnology . We've 

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covered space . We've covered 

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satellites . I'd love to hear from each 

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of you how you stay on top of all of 

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these sort of cutting edge of 

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evolutions and developments . I 

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understand it's your job , but I just 

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love to hear a little bit more about 

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how you ensure that you are staying on 

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top of all of the innovation and 

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developments that are coming out of 

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your own labs , as well as what we're 

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seeing more broadly in the technology 

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community . Uh , maybe we'll go the 

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other way . I'll start with an and then 

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work our way . Thio , Dr Marsh and Dr 

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Dixon . Absolutely . So . First , I 

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think one of the things each of our 

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organizations takes great pride in is 

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building technical depths , recruiting 

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people in diverse technical areas and 

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ensuring that we give them away to 

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continue to develop their skills , as 

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well as maintain partnerships with 

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academic sector across the national 

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security community , as well as with 

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the broader private sector R and D labs , 

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in order to understand different 

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technologies , understand their mission 

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application and understand their level 

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of maturity . So , first and above all , 

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it takes team and building that team 

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and understanding in each of our 

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organizations . What are deep 

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comparative advantages at In a safe , 

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for example , cryptography is big area 

274
00:10:19,468 --> 00:10:21,468
of focus . We make codes , we break 

275
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codes . So areas like quantum resistant 

276
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cryptography that was mentioned earlier 

277
00:10:25,912 --> 00:10:27,912
has been a big area of focus for us 

278
00:10:27,912 --> 00:10:30,220
because we know we play a key role in 

279
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those technologies areas like machine 

280
00:10:32,341 --> 00:10:34,286
learning , because we know we have 

281
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large amounts of data and we need to 

282
00:10:36,341 --> 00:10:38,286
quickly make sense of it on enable 

283
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others to make decisions off of that 

284
00:10:40,341 --> 00:10:42,008
and then certainly areas like 

285
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telecommunication standards and areas 

286
00:10:44,119 --> 00:10:46,740
five . G 60 . So for us and for us both 

287
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as an organization . Personally , it's 

288
00:10:48,907 --> 00:10:51,018
first ensuring you built the internal 

289
00:10:51,018 --> 00:10:53,018
team in areas that you know is your 

290
00:10:53,018 --> 00:10:55,180
defense is an area that people and 

291
00:10:55,180 --> 00:10:57,291
organizations look to you to maintain 

292
00:10:57,291 --> 00:10:59,458
expertise on building the broad set of 

293
00:10:59,458 --> 00:11:01,402
partnerships so that you have both 

294
00:11:01,402 --> 00:11:03,291
positive indications and negative 

295
00:11:03,291 --> 00:11:05,420
warnings about technologies that you 

296
00:11:05,420 --> 00:11:07,587
need to be aware of in terms of impact 

297
00:11:07,587 --> 00:11:11,040
to the national security mission . Dr . 

298
00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:13,440
Marsh , same question for you . You 

299
00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:16,740
know , How do you stay abreast of 

300
00:11:16,750 --> 00:11:18,694
everything that's happening in the 

301
00:11:18,694 --> 00:11:18,270
world ? 

302
00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:26,340
S O h . You can't stay abreast of 

303
00:11:26,340 --> 00:11:29,290
everything , but I second exactly what 

304
00:11:29,300 --> 00:11:31,830
an says is you You can't know 

305
00:11:31,830 --> 00:11:33,719
everything . But you can surround 

306
00:11:33,719 --> 00:11:35,774
yourself with really smart people on 

307
00:11:35,774 --> 00:11:38,100
you do that . We network we rely on our 

308
00:11:38,100 --> 00:11:41,910
network , um , no program in here 

309
00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:44,520
way . Always have our partners across 

310
00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:46,830
the icy of all of our program . We use 

311
00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:48,951
all of the work that we're doing from 

312
00:11:48,951 --> 00:11:51,173
our new start pitch all the way through 

313
00:11:51,173 --> 00:11:54,070
Thio help with catch , if you will of 

314
00:11:54,070 --> 00:11:56,660
the technology at the end of the day 

315
00:11:56,740 --> 00:11:59,380
and so relying on our government 

316
00:11:59,390 --> 00:12:01,650
partners and our experts across the 

317
00:12:01,650 --> 00:12:03,750
nation who are that true expert ? I 

318
00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:05,806
mean , if you wanted to know battery 

319
00:12:05,806 --> 00:12:08,139
stuff , you come and talk to me . Right ? 

320
00:12:08,139 --> 00:12:10,139
But if you want quantum computing , 

321
00:12:10,139 --> 00:12:12,250
you're gonna goto like that , right ? 

322
00:12:12,250 --> 00:12:14,417
So it's making sure you know who those 

323
00:12:14,417 --> 00:12:16,528
are . I'm sorry that you could happen 

324
00:12:16,528 --> 00:12:20,280
to and you are And get the rudder 

325
00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:22,860
steered correctly , or you and 

326
00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:26,480
ensure all along the way that we're 

327
00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:29,100
doing it . And the other thing that and 

328
00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:31,480
said that is spot on hiring the best 

329
00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:33,860
and brightest minds , right ? Bringing 

330
00:12:33,860 --> 00:12:36,540
them to bear on our problems is what 

331
00:12:36,540 --> 00:12:38,840
works . So how do you do that ? How do 

332
00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:40,730
you do that agile and appropriate 

333
00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:43,110
manner , um was getting hired into the 

334
00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:46,810
icy . It's arduous process on dso doing 

335
00:12:46,810 --> 00:12:48,921
that and then allowing them to stay . 

336
00:12:48,921 --> 00:12:50,643
What I used to praise still do 

337
00:12:50,643 --> 00:12:52,699
technically sharp . Making sure that 

338
00:12:52,699 --> 00:12:54,699
you give them the bandwidth to keep 

339
00:12:54,699 --> 00:12:56,800
their skills current and how they're 

340
00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:59,078
gonna apply them is gonna be different . 

341
00:12:59,078 --> 00:13:01,180
But taking those that advantage for 

342
00:13:01,180 --> 00:13:03,170
them , you need to have a constant 

343
00:13:03,180 --> 00:13:05,860
influx in that area . All of our folks 

344
00:13:05,870 --> 00:13:08,260
are term limited appointments . So they 

345
00:13:08,270 --> 00:13:11,130
come in with a passion idea . They're 

346
00:13:11,130 --> 00:13:13,930
passionate about their for 3 to 5 years . 

347
00:13:13,940 --> 00:13:15,860
They run that program or multiple 

348
00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:18,610
programs in their area of expertise , 

349
00:13:18,620 --> 00:13:21,060
and then they go go on from there . So 

350
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:23,820
that allows for that constant influx of 

351
00:13:23,820 --> 00:13:25,930
new ideas and new capabilities . And 

352
00:13:25,930 --> 00:13:28,152
I'm not taking somebody who might be an 

353
00:13:28,152 --> 00:13:30,152
expert in crypto and trying to make 

354
00:13:30,152 --> 00:13:32,319
them do something battery technology , 

355
00:13:32,319 --> 00:13:34,374
because that just doesn't because it 

356
00:13:34,374 --> 00:13:37,220
work is effectively . Yeah . Dr . Dixon , 

357
00:13:37,230 --> 00:13:40,190
what are some of the tools you use and 

358
00:13:40,190 --> 00:13:42,246
have it your disposable to make sure 

359
00:13:42,246 --> 00:13:44,370
that you're staying on top of these 

360
00:13:44,370 --> 00:13:46,370
trends ? Yeah , I'll have to . I'll 

361
00:13:46,370 --> 00:13:49,380
just echo . But both Catherine and and 

362
00:13:49,380 --> 00:13:51,610
said , Um , it is really is about the 

363
00:13:51,610 --> 00:13:53,554
people and making sure that you're 

364
00:13:53,554 --> 00:13:55,721
hiring the best . You know , from this 

365
00:13:55,721 --> 00:13:57,443
seat , I don't really have the 

366
00:13:57,443 --> 00:13:59,666
opportunity to sit in on as many of the 

367
00:13:59,666 --> 00:13:59,400
technical discussions as , you know , 

368
00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:01,950
my heart and my brain would like . So I 

369
00:14:01,950 --> 00:14:04,090
have to leverage those those , uh , 

370
00:14:04,100 --> 00:14:06,044
those exposure opportunities where 

371
00:14:06,044 --> 00:14:08,322
people mentioned a topic or , you know , 

372
00:14:08,322 --> 00:14:10,322
research . I mentioned a subject or 

373
00:14:10,322 --> 00:14:10,230
we'll have a briefing at an operational 

374
00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:12,960
meeting and I'll ask for follow up and 

375
00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:15,016
I'll do a desk side where I could go 

376
00:14:15,016 --> 00:14:17,127
and actually watch . The analyst will 

377
00:14:17,127 --> 00:14:19,460
have them come and give me more details . 

378
00:14:19,460 --> 00:14:19,090
And just knowing that you've got great 

379
00:14:19,090 --> 00:14:21,257
people out there and who are more than 

380
00:14:21,257 --> 00:14:23,423
happy to kind of bring you up to speed 

381
00:14:23,423 --> 00:14:25,760
from a , uh , the other nice thing is , 

382
00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:27,871
you know , none of us were limited to 

383
00:14:27,871 --> 00:14:29,927
just our agency . There are four out 

384
00:14:29,927 --> 00:14:32,149
there where we can learn about what the 

385
00:14:32,149 --> 00:14:34,371
other agencies were doing . There are , 

386
00:14:34,371 --> 00:14:36,427
uh , weekly reports that go out that 

387
00:14:36,427 --> 00:14:36,310
kind of highlight some of the really 

388
00:14:36,310 --> 00:14:38,450
cool capabilities , and it's easy 

389
00:14:38,450 --> 00:14:40,617
enough to kind of hear about what some 

390
00:14:40,617 --> 00:14:42,672
other agency is doing and then to go 

391
00:14:42,672 --> 00:14:44,894
ask for information from them as well . 

392
00:14:44,894 --> 00:14:46,950
Uh , that's always nice . And then , 

393
00:14:46,950 --> 00:14:49,172
personally , my news feed has all sorts 

394
00:14:49,172 --> 00:14:51,172
of science publications and I , you 

395
00:14:51,172 --> 00:14:52,783
know , to the to the science 

396
00:14:52,783 --> 00:14:55,006
journalists out there , you know , love 

397
00:14:55,006 --> 00:14:57,339
what you guys do in terms of keeping up , 

398
00:14:57,339 --> 00:14:59,394
helping us everyone keep up with the 

399
00:14:59,394 --> 00:15:01,006
really neat capabilities and 

400
00:15:01,006 --> 00:15:03,117
developments happening in science all 

401
00:15:03,117 --> 00:15:02,910
across the world . Because that's sort 

402
00:15:02,910 --> 00:15:04,910
of how I feed myself on sort of the 

403
00:15:04,910 --> 00:15:06,966
outside work time . And , you know , 

404
00:15:06,966 --> 00:15:08,966
There's always something new coming 

405
00:15:08,966 --> 00:15:08,920
through and the linkages between what 

406
00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:10,976
I'm seeing on the , you know , on my 

407
00:15:10,976 --> 00:15:13,142
newsfeed and even what we're trying to 

408
00:15:13,142 --> 00:15:15,031
do internally in the intelligence 

409
00:15:15,031 --> 00:15:17,253
community , like there are bridges that 

410
00:15:17,253 --> 00:15:16,550
we can make their and their 

411
00:15:16,550 --> 00:15:18,450
partnerships that we confined by 

412
00:15:18,450 --> 00:15:21,140
looking at it that way as well . Dr . 

413
00:15:21,140 --> 00:15:23,084
Marsh , you talked so passionately 

414
00:15:23,084 --> 00:15:25,940
about the talent and bringing the right 

415
00:15:25,940 --> 00:15:27,496
caliber of talent into your 

416
00:15:27,496 --> 00:15:29,551
organization . I'll start with you . 

417
00:15:29,551 --> 00:15:31,718
But I definitely want to hear from the 

418
00:15:31,718 --> 00:15:33,829
other Panelists . What is the What is 

419
00:15:33,829 --> 00:15:35,773
the key to attracting the best and 

420
00:15:35,773 --> 00:15:38,107
brightest to an organization like yours ? 

421
00:15:38,107 --> 00:15:41,140
Particularly when for a new generation 

422
00:15:41,150 --> 00:15:43,710
of young people coming into science and 

423
00:15:43,710 --> 00:15:46,420
technology careers , um , government 

424
00:15:46,420 --> 00:15:48,587
may not necessarily be the first place 

425
00:15:48,587 --> 00:15:50,309
they think of when it comes to 

426
00:15:50,309 --> 00:15:50,160
innovation ? 

427
00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:57,130
Indeed , governments probably not 

428
00:15:57,650 --> 00:16:01,340
just We are out there actively 

429
00:16:01,340 --> 00:16:03,520
recruiting all the time . And so 

430
00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:05,363
getting people to understand our 

431
00:16:05,363 --> 00:16:07,830
problems , whether they be someone who 

432
00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:09,940
happens to be inside the government 

433
00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:13,770
already , or someone who is very , very 

434
00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:16,380
interested in our capabilities way have 

435
00:16:16,380 --> 00:16:19,950
a number of true areas where we 

436
00:16:19,950 --> 00:16:22,200
have thrived over time . You know , 

437
00:16:22,210 --> 00:16:24,470
facial recognition is one on machine . 

438
00:16:24,470 --> 00:16:27,020
Translation is another . Quantum 

439
00:16:27,020 --> 00:16:29,131
computing is the third and so getting 

440
00:16:29,131 --> 00:16:31,670
those going and intentionally looking 

441
00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:34,080
for that next straight program manager 

442
00:16:34,090 --> 00:16:36,900
working with them intentionally to 

443
00:16:36,910 --> 00:16:39,320
develop a new start pitch . And if it's 

444
00:16:39,320 --> 00:16:41,376
in their sweet spot in their area of 

445
00:16:41,376 --> 00:16:43,600
expertise , it just happens naturally . 

446
00:16:43,610 --> 00:16:45,666
They come on board , they want to do 

447
00:16:45,666 --> 00:16:48,740
this , and so they thrive . And that 

448
00:16:48,740 --> 00:16:52,250
XKE , um and having a good idea of 

449
00:16:52,260 --> 00:16:54,380
being passionate about it is it is 

450
00:16:54,380 --> 00:16:56,710
necessary . And you still have to have 

451
00:16:56,710 --> 00:16:59,440
some , uh , other skills . You've got 

452
00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:01,890
to be able to be organized to be self 

453
00:17:01,890 --> 00:17:04,490
starter , to drive to completion . 

454
00:17:04,940 --> 00:17:07,940
You're given to give people ah lot of 

455
00:17:07,940 --> 00:17:10,900
rain at Yerba to do what they do and do 

456
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:13,710
it really , really well . We give them 

457
00:17:13,710 --> 00:17:16,000
the funding that it takes to make a 

458
00:17:16,010 --> 00:17:18,410
difference in their technology area , 

459
00:17:18,420 --> 00:17:21,960
and so we expect them to do that , and 

460
00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:23,670
we guide them . But we don't 

461
00:17:23,670 --> 00:17:25,670
micromanage them , and I think that 

462
00:17:25,670 --> 00:17:28,010
that that is a winning formula to 

463
00:17:28,020 --> 00:17:31,910
ensure the , um , the success of the 

464
00:17:31,910 --> 00:17:35,320
programs or the opportunity to 

465
00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:38,620
take really high risk . Uh , that's 

466
00:17:38,630 --> 00:17:40,797
right , because we do high risk , high 

467
00:17:40,797 --> 00:17:43,500
payoff and that means some of it fails . 

468
00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:45,510
We have . We know that that's gonna 

469
00:17:45,510 --> 00:17:48,500
happen on we have Thio engage to allow 

470
00:17:48,500 --> 00:17:50,722
that to happen . Because if we're doing 

471
00:17:50,722 --> 00:17:52,833
everything as a sure bet , then we're 

472
00:17:52,833 --> 00:17:55,320
not taking the risk . And in the Arbor 

473
00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,980
models , right ? DARPA arpa e , we 

474
00:17:58,980 --> 00:18:01,240
shouldn't be doing some of some 

475
00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:03,650
fraction of our programs are going to 

476
00:18:03,660 --> 00:18:06,290
fail . Hopefully , we can recover some 

477
00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:08,730
aspect of it or transition some aspect 

478
00:18:08,740 --> 00:18:10,462
of it . But we've learned as a 

479
00:18:10,462 --> 00:18:12,660
consequence of that we've documented . 

480
00:18:12,670 --> 00:18:15,440
And so that alone is a lesson learns 

481
00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:18,350
that we can share with way second , 

482
00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:20,896
Yeah , absolutely annual needed . It 

483
00:18:20,896 --> 00:18:22,896
sounds like you have you wanted toe 

484
00:18:22,896 --> 00:18:26,630
chime in ? Ah , no , I just I I al 

485
00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:29,180
sure you know any 

486
00:18:33,140 --> 00:18:36,840
find it . He I want to 

487
00:18:36,840 --> 00:18:39,370
say I think it's a couple of things for 

488
00:18:39,380 --> 00:18:43,350
one day giving people problems that 

489
00:18:43,360 --> 00:18:45,138
makes them feel they're part of 

490
00:18:45,138 --> 00:18:47,193
something larger than themselves but 

491
00:18:47,193 --> 00:18:49,249
are really fulfilling where they can 

492
00:18:49,249 --> 00:18:49,210
bring their skills . Something that 

493
00:18:49,210 --> 00:18:51,620
they feel they're making it on a part 

494
00:18:51,620 --> 00:18:53,842
of that is certainly the problems , but 

495
00:18:53,842 --> 00:18:56,064
also having and a culture of innovation 

496
00:18:56,064 --> 00:18:58,176
where people feel that the ideas they 

497
00:18:58,176 --> 00:19:00,730
have find and considerable I think the 

498
00:19:00,730 --> 00:19:03,170
second thing is certainly point made 

499
00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:05,770
earlier . Um , it's sometimes hard . 

500
00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:07,937
Thio Make your way all the way through 

501
00:19:07,937 --> 00:19:10,310
to the ice . We had concepts of this 

502
00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:13,190
multi decade icy career , at least here 

503
00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:15,256
at N F . A . So I think for us being 

504
00:19:15,256 --> 00:19:17,880
open to individual may come in , serve 

505
00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:19,880
for a few years , go out , continue 

506
00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:22,047
their career in academia . The private 

507
00:19:22,047 --> 00:19:24,269
looks to come in mid Korea , being open 

508
00:19:24,269 --> 00:19:26,491
to more diverse careers and people with 

509
00:19:26,491 --> 00:19:28,602
more diverse is a big part of that in 

510
00:19:28,602 --> 00:19:30,769
private security , specifically one of 

511
00:19:30,769 --> 00:19:32,991
the things that I find exciting . Mhm . 

512
00:19:33,540 --> 00:19:35,596
There are so many ways for people to 

513
00:19:35,596 --> 00:19:38,270
get times on keyboard practical on the 

514
00:19:38,270 --> 00:19:40,580
job experiences and knowledge as some 

515
00:19:40,580 --> 00:19:42,802
of the traditional paths . College math 

516
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:45,462
programs are important , but they don't 

517
00:19:45,462 --> 00:19:47,590
need to be exclusive open to a much 

518
00:19:47,590 --> 00:19:49,312
more diverse community who can 

519
00:19:49,312 --> 00:19:51,146
contribute to our cyber security 

520
00:19:51,146 --> 00:19:53,312
mission . Then we may be able to do in 

521
00:19:53,312 --> 00:19:56,440
other areas , which is , ah , lot of 

522
00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:58,551
what you both have described . Sounds 

523
00:19:58,551 --> 00:20:00,662
not unlike the innovation opportunity 

524
00:20:00,662 --> 00:20:02,700
inside the private sector . Uh , Dr 

525
00:20:02,700 --> 00:20:04,533
Dixon , what are the things that 

526
00:20:04,533 --> 00:20:06,589
private sector folks need to kind of 

527
00:20:06,589 --> 00:20:08,589
unlearned or what are the skills or 

528
00:20:08,589 --> 00:20:10,478
traits they have to develop to be 

529
00:20:10,478 --> 00:20:12,533
successful inside . I see if they've 

530
00:20:12,533 --> 00:20:14,700
come from private sector or if they've 

531
00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:16,644
cycled in from a different kind of 

532
00:20:16,644 --> 00:20:18,589
industry . Okay , so I promised to 

533
00:20:18,589 --> 00:20:20,811
answer your question , but I just wanna 

534
00:20:20,811 --> 00:20:23,089
tag on a small piece for that last one . 

535
00:20:23,089 --> 00:20:25,033
I'm really proud of the internship 

536
00:20:25,033 --> 00:20:24,650
program that we've developed because we 

537
00:20:24,650 --> 00:20:26,817
find that it's one of those great ways 

538
00:20:26,817 --> 00:20:28,990
to get a lot of new , innovative 

539
00:20:28,990 --> 00:20:31,157
thinking . A lot of the new skill sets 

540
00:20:31,157 --> 00:20:33,157
that are out there and , you know , 

541
00:20:33,157 --> 00:20:35,323
we're having actually were able to not 

542
00:20:35,323 --> 00:20:37,379
only bring in a more diverse part of 

543
00:20:37,379 --> 00:20:38,990
our workforce by focusing on 

544
00:20:38,990 --> 00:20:41,046
universities and getting getting the 

545
00:20:41,046 --> 00:20:43,268
students excited about us . But we find 

546
00:20:43,268 --> 00:20:45,323
that , you know , once you give them 

547
00:20:45,323 --> 00:20:47,490
very meaningful projects toe work on , 

548
00:20:47,490 --> 00:20:47,330
they will come back year after year , 

549
00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:49,396
and then our conversion rate to full 

550
00:20:49,396 --> 00:20:51,507
time employment was hovering in about 

551
00:20:51,507 --> 00:20:53,729
the 70% mark with the interns . So it's 

552
00:20:53,729 --> 00:20:55,507
a great way to kind of test out 

553
00:20:55,507 --> 00:20:57,507
government to see if it's something 

554
00:20:57,507 --> 00:20:59,618
that might be for you with respect to 

555
00:20:59,618 --> 00:21:01,729
people coming in from the outside . I 

556
00:21:01,729 --> 00:21:03,673
think part of it is not making the 

557
00:21:03,673 --> 00:21:05,618
assumption that automatically your 

558
00:21:05,618 --> 00:21:08,260
ideas are the best ideas , you know , I 

559
00:21:08,260 --> 00:21:10,890
think Catherine mentioned you mentioned 

560
00:21:10,890 --> 00:21:13,710
If you have a have a assumption 

561
00:21:13,710 --> 00:21:16,280
that of 

562
00:21:16,940 --> 00:21:20,120
you think that you know what happens in 

563
00:21:20,120 --> 00:21:22,231
the icy , you think you know what the 

564
00:21:22,231 --> 00:21:24,453
capabilities are , and then you come in 

565
00:21:24,453 --> 00:21:23,380
and and things are a little bit 

566
00:21:23,380 --> 00:21:25,547
different . So I would say , give give 

567
00:21:25,547 --> 00:21:27,213
some level of timeto actually 

568
00:21:27,213 --> 00:21:29,158
understand and and learn about the 

569
00:21:29,158 --> 00:21:30,991
environment and best how to work 

570
00:21:30,991 --> 00:21:32,769
through the environment . Yes , 

571
00:21:32,769 --> 00:21:34,324
government tends to be more 

572
00:21:34,324 --> 00:21:36,658
bureaucratic in many ways than industry . 

573
00:21:36,658 --> 00:21:38,547
However , once you figure out how 

574
00:21:38,547 --> 00:21:40,713
things work , you know you could bring 

575
00:21:40,713 --> 00:21:42,769
your new ideas and , um , and you'll 

576
00:21:42,769 --> 00:21:44,991
find that there are a lot of innovative 

577
00:21:44,991 --> 00:21:47,269
people and capabilities inside as well . 

578
00:21:47,269 --> 00:21:49,324
And it's a matter of sort of merging 

579
00:21:49,324 --> 00:21:51,324
the two , bringing your experiences 

580
00:21:51,324 --> 00:21:53,547
from the outside in , and then figuring 

581
00:21:53,547 --> 00:21:55,547
out how Thio interact , collaborate 

582
00:21:55,547 --> 00:21:57,602
within the government to kind of get 

583
00:21:57,602 --> 00:21:57,480
your ideas move forward . It's probably 

584
00:21:57,480 --> 00:21:59,369
the place that I've seen . People 

585
00:21:59,369 --> 00:22:01,369
struggle the most where they assume 

586
00:22:01,369 --> 00:22:03,591
that they're bringing something in that 

587
00:22:03,591 --> 00:22:03,420
no one else has ever heard of . And 

588
00:22:03,420 --> 00:22:05,642
that's not usually the case . It may be 

589
00:22:05,642 --> 00:22:07,910
a different application , or it may be 

590
00:22:07,910 --> 00:22:10,077
a different way of thinking about it , 

591
00:22:10,077 --> 00:22:12,299
but they need to learn how to get their 

592
00:22:12,299 --> 00:22:15,770
idea heard . And , yeah , how to get it 

593
00:22:15,770 --> 00:22:18,090
transitioned into the operations within 

594
00:22:18,090 --> 00:22:21,350
the government . I'd love to ask each 

595
00:22:21,350 --> 00:22:23,980
of you , Ah , little bit about how 

596
00:22:23,980 --> 00:22:27,030
Yuhas leaders are able to help foster a 

597
00:22:27,030 --> 00:22:29,450
culture of innovation . Um , you know , 

598
00:22:29,460 --> 00:22:31,516
there are obviously some constraints 

599
00:22:31,516 --> 00:22:34,380
because of the part of the Department 

600
00:22:34,380 --> 00:22:36,213
of Defense in which you work and 

601
00:22:36,213 --> 00:22:38,102
because of the somewhat secretive 

602
00:22:38,102 --> 00:22:40,269
nature of some of what you dio on Dove 

603
00:22:40,269 --> 00:22:42,269
course because of the rigors of the 

604
00:22:42,269 --> 00:22:44,470
work . But you're all also leaders and 

605
00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:46,526
have the opportunity to help set the 

606
00:22:46,526 --> 00:22:49,440
tone for the organization . And I'd 

607
00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:51,607
love to hear a little bit about things 

608
00:22:51,607 --> 00:22:53,607
that you've brought uniquely to the 

609
00:22:53,607 --> 00:22:55,607
role or changes you've been able to 

610
00:22:55,607 --> 00:22:57,551
execute that you think have helped 

611
00:22:57,551 --> 00:22:59,718
really drive a culture of innovation . 

612
00:22:59,718 --> 00:23:02,051
Which is sort of the theme of this talk . 

613
00:23:02,051 --> 00:23:04,107
Um , let's let's start with Dr Dixon 

614
00:23:04,107 --> 00:23:06,329
since since we just left off with you , 

615
00:23:06,329 --> 00:23:08,329
I think the thing that has been the 

616
00:23:08,329 --> 00:23:10,440
most exciting to me . And and part of 

617
00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:12,662
it has been , I would say , accelerated 

618
00:23:12,662 --> 00:23:14,884
or even inspired during this pandemic . 

619
00:23:14,884 --> 00:23:16,996
Time is giving people the opportunity 

620
00:23:16,996 --> 00:23:18,996
to come up with solutions , pushing 

621
00:23:18,996 --> 00:23:20,996
authority down to a level where you 

622
00:23:20,996 --> 00:23:22,884
don't have to have people ask for 

623
00:23:22,884 --> 00:23:24,996
permission at many levels before they 

624
00:23:24,996 --> 00:23:27,051
could get something done , Cove . It 

625
00:23:27,051 --> 00:23:29,162
put us all in a place where we needed 

626
00:23:29,162 --> 00:23:31,384
to figure out how to operate in a world 

627
00:23:31,384 --> 00:23:31,240
in which most of our employees were 

628
00:23:31,250 --> 00:23:33,417
outside of the building and not inside 

629
00:23:33,417 --> 00:23:35,417
the building very quickly and still 

630
00:23:35,417 --> 00:23:37,583
wanted to get a lot of meaningful work 

631
00:23:37,583 --> 00:23:39,306
done . And so we gave people a 

632
00:23:39,306 --> 00:23:41,417
challenge . See what you can find out 

633
00:23:41,417 --> 00:23:43,361
there and publicly available and a 

634
00:23:43,361 --> 00:23:45,417
commercially available data that can 

635
00:23:45,417 --> 00:23:47,639
contribute to your mission . We've been 

636
00:23:47,639 --> 00:23:49,806
astounded at the types of products and 

637
00:23:49,806 --> 00:23:51,806
analysis that we've been able to do 

638
00:23:51,806 --> 00:23:51,630
that has either been stand alone 

639
00:23:51,630 --> 00:23:53,852
products or products that we could then 

640
00:23:53,852 --> 00:23:56,180
bring in and then , uh , enhanced with 

641
00:23:56,180 --> 00:23:59,330
classified information , so challenging 

642
00:23:59,330 --> 00:24:01,663
people and allowing them to be creative , 

643
00:24:01,663 --> 00:24:03,830
allowing them , especially during this 

644
00:24:03,830 --> 00:24:06,052
time period . You know , this might not 

645
00:24:06,052 --> 00:24:08,386
have worked the way the way that it did . 

646
00:24:08,386 --> 00:24:07,820
Failure was okay . Catherine mentioned 

647
00:24:07,820 --> 00:24:09,931
failure as well . You have to be able 

648
00:24:09,931 --> 00:24:12,098
and open to that . Um and so those are 

649
00:24:12,098 --> 00:24:14,042
the things . Just making sure that 

650
00:24:14,042 --> 00:24:15,987
we're allowing people to know that 

651
00:24:15,987 --> 00:24:18,098
their innovation , their pro activity 

652
00:24:18,098 --> 00:24:20,153
there . I'm gonna go learn something 

653
00:24:20,153 --> 00:24:22,487
new so I can figure out how to apply it . 

654
00:24:22,487 --> 00:24:24,542
Toe work is welcome . And that's the 

655
00:24:24,542 --> 00:24:24,530
kind of environment we want . We want 

656
00:24:24,530 --> 00:24:26,697
people who are willing to go learn new 

657
00:24:26,697 --> 00:24:28,863
things and then figure out how to make 

658
00:24:28,863 --> 00:24:31,086
them work within the mission that we've 

659
00:24:31,086 --> 00:24:33,380
given them . Dr . Marsh , what are some 

660
00:24:33,380 --> 00:24:35,602
of the things that you've done at DARPA 

661
00:24:35,610 --> 00:24:38,730
to help drive a culture of innovation 

662
00:24:38,730 --> 00:24:40,841
and maybe changes that you've made or 

663
00:24:40,841 --> 00:24:44,250
tweaks thio process that have really 

664
00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:46,528
helped stoke a new new kind of culture ? 

665
00:24:47,540 --> 00:24:51,250
Okay , so I can't I can't agree more 

666
00:24:51,250 --> 00:24:55,090
than what Thin What ? Stacey just 

667
00:24:55,090 --> 00:24:57,146
said . So first of all our assets go 

668
00:24:57,146 --> 00:25:00,060
home and like our people , our assets , 

669
00:25:00,070 --> 00:25:02,070
right , all the other stuff doesn't 

670
00:25:02,070 --> 00:25:04,370
matter and , you know , allowing them 

671
00:25:04,370 --> 00:25:06,900
and empowering them . You know , they 

672
00:25:06,910 --> 00:25:08,910
got these great ideas that they are 

673
00:25:08,910 --> 00:25:11,150
working on that that's there's right 

674
00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:13,280
and trusting your people . You've got 

675
00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:15,336
to trust to people you don't need to 

676
00:25:15,336 --> 00:25:17,630
see them to trust them on . And that's 

677
00:25:17,630 --> 00:25:19,570
a huge shift for the intelligence 

678
00:25:19,570 --> 00:25:22,000
community , right ? I mean , I had only 

679
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,000
been there a few months when I sent 

680
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,167
everybody home to work from home . And 

681
00:25:26,167 --> 00:25:29,120
thank goodness for , uh , Stacey , my 

682
00:25:29,120 --> 00:25:31,470
predecessor getting the i Q environment 

683
00:25:31,470 --> 00:25:34,470
up and running because it enabled that 

684
00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:37,040
for us they didn't miss a beat . So 

685
00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:40,080
people are creative . You reward 

686
00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:43,130
that . I'm a strong believer in 

687
00:25:43,130 --> 00:25:45,800
complimenting people in private and , 

688
00:25:45,810 --> 00:25:49,780
uh , in public and scolding in 

689
00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:53,530
private . I really , uh , have kind 

690
00:25:53,530 --> 00:25:56,800
of made sure that people know that they 

691
00:25:56,800 --> 00:26:00,240
matter and give them that feedback 

692
00:26:00,250 --> 00:26:03,850
regularly . Even in this very yeah , 

693
00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,520
Justin sway on regularly . Keep the 

694
00:26:08,530 --> 00:26:10,970
lines of communication open . You can't 

695
00:26:10,970 --> 00:26:14,930
over communicate and just you forget , 

696
00:26:14,940 --> 00:26:16,940
you know , because I've been in the 

697
00:26:16,940 --> 00:26:19,051
building the entire time . You forget 

698
00:26:19,051 --> 00:26:21,273
that people don't stay connected in the 

699
00:26:21,273 --> 00:26:23,440
same way when you can't just drop drop 

700
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:25,662
in on one another . So it's finding new 

701
00:26:25,662 --> 00:26:27,773
ways and creative ways . The States , 

702
00:26:27,773 --> 00:26:30,050
he said Thio , let them bring solutions 

703
00:26:30,060 --> 00:26:33,160
forward . And I'm a huge believer in 

704
00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:35,470
teaching curiosity and enabling 

705
00:26:35,470 --> 00:26:39,230
curiosity . People have to want to 

706
00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:42,990
know why , who , how and 

707
00:26:43,540 --> 00:26:46,660
making making known that it's okay to 

708
00:26:46,660 --> 00:26:49,040
ask those questions . And some of the 

709
00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:52,350
things that I've learned and since I've 

710
00:26:52,360 --> 00:26:55,560
been here , is when I have asked those 

711
00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:57,727
questions and people know that I asked 

712
00:26:57,727 --> 00:26:59,782
a lot of questions is , well , we've 

713
00:26:59,782 --> 00:27:02,430
always done it that way . But why are 

714
00:27:02,430 --> 00:27:04,430
we doing it that way ? That's not a 

715
00:27:04,430 --> 00:27:06,640
good answer for me . And so , in 

716
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,270
questioning and creating that culture 

717
00:27:09,270 --> 00:27:11,270
where I question and then the other 

718
00:27:11,270 --> 00:27:13,326
people question , we've been able to 

719
00:27:13,326 --> 00:27:15,320
streamline a number of different 

720
00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:17,800
processes in our acquisitions pipeline 

721
00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:20,310
and things like that because we've just 

722
00:27:20,320 --> 00:27:22,487
always done it that way . And we don't 

723
00:27:22,487 --> 00:27:26,380
have thio on . Do you know fresh eyes 

724
00:27:26,380 --> 00:27:28,960
help with that ? But it's also that 

725
00:27:28,970 --> 00:27:32,500
that by me , leading by example with 

726
00:27:32,500 --> 00:27:34,611
asking the questions and knowing that 

727
00:27:34,611 --> 00:27:36,722
that's okay , others follow . I think 

728
00:27:36,722 --> 00:27:39,860
that helps . Yeah , and what are some 

729
00:27:39,860 --> 00:27:42,082
of the things that you've tried to do ? 

730
00:27:42,340 --> 00:27:45,760
Um , in your role as a leader to 

731
00:27:46,340 --> 00:27:49,290
change the dynamic or enhance the 

732
00:27:49,300 --> 00:27:53,190
innovation culture at the N S A . You 

733
00:27:53,190 --> 00:27:55,023
know , So one of the things I've 

734
00:27:55,023 --> 00:27:57,670
observed in looking over the years that 

735
00:27:57,680 --> 00:28:00,400
innovations that were successful and 

736
00:28:00,410 --> 00:28:02,780
taking seed and then scaling and those 

737
00:28:02,780 --> 00:28:05,290
that weren't was that yell . Innovation 

738
00:28:05,290 --> 00:28:08,550
takes alignment across the organization . 

739
00:28:08,550 --> 00:28:10,383
The mission . The problem you're 

740
00:28:10,383 --> 00:28:12,494
seeking dissolved often the technical 

741
00:28:12,494 --> 00:28:14,494
specialists who may come up with an 

742
00:28:14,494 --> 00:28:16,661
approach and then the policy and legal 

743
00:28:16,661 --> 00:28:19,450
community who may say , Well , we can't 

744
00:28:19,450 --> 00:28:22,970
quite do that or so part for me of 

745
00:28:22,980 --> 00:28:25,091
getting innovations and creating that 

746
00:28:25,091 --> 00:28:27,620
culture is to say , every organ part of 

747
00:28:27,620 --> 00:28:29,564
our innovation . We don't have one 

748
00:28:29,564 --> 00:28:31,676
innovation work only in the technical 

749
00:28:31,676 --> 00:28:33,898
area or Onley in our counterterrorism , 

750
00:28:33,898 --> 00:28:35,850
or in order for us to successfully 

751
00:28:35,850 --> 00:28:37,850
scale . We need folks who have come 

752
00:28:37,850 --> 00:28:39,794
from all those communities working 

753
00:28:39,794 --> 00:28:41,794
together on one team , and then the 

754
00:28:41,794 --> 00:28:43,961
team is rewarded and the team . So our 

755
00:28:43,961 --> 00:28:46,183
attorneys are policy , uh , individuals 

756
00:28:46,183 --> 00:28:48,239
who document new policy get the same 

757
00:28:48,239 --> 00:28:50,294
award because they've been a part of 

758
00:28:50,294 --> 00:28:52,350
making that success . So that's that 

759
00:28:52,350 --> 00:28:54,517
first piece , because sometimes we can 

760
00:28:54,517 --> 00:28:56,572
end up with a kind of cultural silos 

761
00:28:56,572 --> 00:28:58,739
that operate a different pace , have a 

762
00:28:58,739 --> 00:29:00,906
different understanding of the problem 

763
00:29:00,906 --> 00:29:00,830
and have a different sense of urgency 

764
00:29:00,830 --> 00:29:02,997
about solving it , and we know that we 

765
00:29:02,997 --> 00:29:05,219
need that aligned in that way . And for 

766
00:29:05,219 --> 00:29:07,330
us in the sub security organization , 

767
00:29:07,330 --> 00:29:09,497
we had a really unique place because , 

768
00:29:10,340 --> 00:29:12,396
partially our goal is to say our key 

769
00:29:12,396 --> 00:29:14,940
goals to say , Let's ensure that we 

770
00:29:14,950 --> 00:29:17,430
combine our threat intelligence about 

771
00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:19,329
the latest techniques and tactics 

772
00:29:19,329 --> 00:29:22,200
adversaries air using to break systems 

773
00:29:22,210 --> 00:29:24,432
with practical advice on how to counter 

774
00:29:24,432 --> 00:29:26,599
it And threat intelligence issued at a 

775
00:29:26,599 --> 00:29:28,766
top secret level is interesting . It's 

776
00:29:28,766 --> 00:29:30,766
so much more powerful . It's at the 

777
00:29:30,766 --> 00:29:33,099
unclassified level , combined with riel . 

778
00:29:33,099 --> 00:29:35,266
Technical advice . Stop for a hardware 

779
00:29:35,266 --> 00:29:37,266
techniques . TPS on how you protect 

780
00:29:37,266 --> 00:29:39,480
against and you get to that really 

781
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,590
takes that alignment of our 

782
00:29:41,590 --> 00:29:43,868
intelligence . Folks are vulnerability , 

783
00:29:43,868 --> 00:29:45,646
analyst folks and certainly our 

784
00:29:45,646 --> 00:29:47,757
attorneys and policy interested . How 

785
00:29:47,757 --> 00:29:49,870
do we do that internally ? So it So 

786
00:29:49,870 --> 00:29:52,037
that's been , for me at least , trying 

787
00:29:52,037 --> 00:29:53,703
to build one cultural process 

788
00:29:53,703 --> 00:29:55,730
communities . There have been some 

789
00:29:55,730 --> 00:29:58,930
questions in the chat , and also I'm 

790
00:29:58,930 --> 00:30:01,440
curious to hear from all of you about 

791
00:30:01,450 --> 00:30:03,561
the relationship between each of your 

792
00:30:03,561 --> 00:30:05,728
organizations and the private sector . 

793
00:30:05,728 --> 00:30:07,700
Andi opportunities there for 

794
00:30:07,710 --> 00:30:11,340
partnership , but also ways 

795
00:30:11,340 --> 00:30:13,950
where they might inspire innovations or 

796
00:30:13,950 --> 00:30:16,650
innovation . Culture . Um , Dr Marsh , 

797
00:30:16,650 --> 00:30:20,300
I know you know a lot of what you do is 

798
00:30:20,300 --> 00:30:22,356
highly classified . And so it's It's 

799
00:30:22,356 --> 00:30:24,680
hard Thio unnecessarily have the same 

800
00:30:24,680 --> 00:30:26,791
kind of relationship with the private 

801
00:30:26,791 --> 00:30:28,958
sector . But , um , you know , can you 

802
00:30:28,958 --> 00:30:31,069
talk a little bit about the work that 

803
00:30:31,069 --> 00:30:33,180
you may do with external parties like 

804
00:30:33,180 --> 00:30:36,120
laboratories and universities and how 

805
00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:39,280
that contributes to innovation at DARPA ? 

806
00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:41,629
So , actually , one of the things 

807
00:30:41,629 --> 00:30:43,684
that's great about my oppa is to the 

808
00:30:43,684 --> 00:30:45,851
maximum extent possible we do full and 

809
00:30:45,851 --> 00:30:48,640
open competition . And so we have 

810
00:30:48,650 --> 00:30:51,140
active on the street . Tomorrow we're 

811
00:30:51,140 --> 00:30:54,560
gonna be releasing a new V a , um , for 

812
00:30:54,570 --> 00:30:56,459
for a program . The briar program 

813
00:30:56,459 --> 00:30:59,500
should hit the street tomorrow and we 

814
00:30:59,500 --> 00:31:02,300
have to that just closed . So we're out 

815
00:31:02,300 --> 00:31:04,522
there very , very publicly . We are the 

816
00:31:04,522 --> 00:31:07,990
public face of DNA on . We engage both 

817
00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:10,930
with private sectors , um , to 

818
00:31:10,940 --> 00:31:14,620
two . And we really want new ideas from 

819
00:31:14,620 --> 00:31:16,842
all over the world to contribute to our 

820
00:31:16,842 --> 00:31:18,842
programs . So we don't want to just 

821
00:31:18,842 --> 00:31:21,640
narrowly focused on , you know , folks 

822
00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:24,020
who have to be domestic . So we want 

823
00:31:24,020 --> 00:31:26,590
small companies , big companies we have 

824
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:28,880
international best minds in the world 

825
00:31:28,890 --> 00:31:30,946
bring to bear in our problems . It's 

826
00:31:30,946 --> 00:31:33,300
more our partners in the custom in the 

827
00:31:33,310 --> 00:31:35,590
transition and where things become 

828
00:31:35,590 --> 00:31:37,534
classified . How we might use that 

829
00:31:37,534 --> 00:31:40,230
technology after the fact eso were 

830
00:31:40,230 --> 00:31:44,100
really out there with everybody . In 

831
00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:46,600
fact , I can't say the exact number , 

832
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:50,200
but we put a cobia on the street 

833
00:31:50,210 --> 00:31:52,830
earlier this year and received hundreds 

834
00:31:52,830 --> 00:31:55,100
and hundreds and hundreds of proposals 

835
00:31:55,110 --> 00:31:57,900
that we're working our way through and 

836
00:31:57,910 --> 00:31:59,870
making decisions on her awarding 

837
00:31:59,870 --> 00:32:02,037
contracts . And some of those fighters 

838
00:32:02,037 --> 00:32:03,710
are not people who have ever 

839
00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:07,500
participated with IR before . So it's 

840
00:32:07,500 --> 00:32:09,278
goodness to be able to use that 

841
00:32:09,278 --> 00:32:12,610
mechanism . The other thing way . 

842
00:32:12,620 --> 00:32:15,280
Partner with the National Labs FFR , 

843
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:19,140
DCs and the Yorks two BRT Any partners 

844
00:32:19,150 --> 00:32:22,080
so as well as government laboratories , 

845
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:24,302
where there's a technical expertise and 

846
00:32:24,302 --> 00:32:26,358
testing capabilities like this , for 

847
00:32:26,358 --> 00:32:30,220
example ? So we we do both sectors 

848
00:32:30,230 --> 00:32:33,450
t anyone way and participation 

849
00:32:33,460 --> 00:32:35,850
participation in our programs another 

850
00:32:35,850 --> 00:32:38,310
way . And have you seen those ? Those 

851
00:32:38,310 --> 00:32:40,421
relationships changed or evolved over 

852
00:32:40,421 --> 00:32:43,220
the years , particularly those with the 

853
00:32:43,230 --> 00:32:46,030
labs and the private industry is is 

854
00:32:46,030 --> 00:32:48,940
there are you working more closely 

855
00:32:48,940 --> 00:32:50,773
together ? Has the nature of the 

856
00:32:50,773 --> 00:32:52,607
relationship changed over time ? 

857
00:32:54,540 --> 00:32:57,510
So , yes , I know 

858
00:32:57,520 --> 00:33:00,780
eso Sometimes there's some bad behavior 

859
00:33:00,780 --> 00:33:03,002
that comes up over time and so you have 

860
00:33:03,002 --> 00:33:05,490
to kind of , of course , back in the 

861
00:33:05,500 --> 00:33:07,556
barn and take care of those things . 

862
00:33:07,556 --> 00:33:10,380
But for the most part , um , what we 

863
00:33:10,380 --> 00:33:13,540
see is more and more opportunities . Um , 

864
00:33:13,550 --> 00:33:16,990
creek over Did we were out there , um , 

865
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,420
regularly engaging with universities , 

866
00:33:19,420 --> 00:33:22,340
getting them interested in our programs 

867
00:33:22,340 --> 00:33:24,618
so that we could get more participants . 

868
00:33:24,618 --> 00:33:26,980
Um , we're doing that virtually now . 

869
00:33:26,990 --> 00:33:30,740
We're actively looking at using , um , 

870
00:33:30,750 --> 00:33:34,580
Amy , um , which is to bring more 

871
00:33:34,580 --> 00:33:36,750
diversity to our profile . And we are 

872
00:33:36,750 --> 00:33:38,880
trying to engage with not trying . We 

873
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:41,320
are engaging with them for the post doc 

874
00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:43,376
participation this year to make sure 

875
00:33:43,376 --> 00:33:46,260
that we can get , uh , Mawr even more 

876
00:33:46,270 --> 00:33:48,326
for schools engaged with the S and T 

877
00:33:48,326 --> 00:33:50,460
aspects of innovation . Not just for 

878
00:33:50,460 --> 00:33:52,990
our programs , but for intelligence 

879
00:33:52,990 --> 00:33:55,046
community problems . Written watch . 

880
00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:58,060
You know , one thing I hear from 

881
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:01,500
vendors , third parties , startups all 

882
00:34:01,500 --> 00:34:03,800
the time is you know , they do complain 

883
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:05,856
that government agencies air hard to 

884
00:34:05,856 --> 00:34:07,820
work with . Dr . Dixon , Are there 

885
00:34:07,820 --> 00:34:11,730
things that you are able to do at your 

886
00:34:11,740 --> 00:34:15,070
agency to make it easier for 

887
00:34:15,540 --> 00:34:17,780
third parties ? External folks Thio 

888
00:34:17,790 --> 00:34:21,080
come together with you and innovate . I 

889
00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:23,191
think one of the things you'll see in 

890
00:34:23,191 --> 00:34:25,080
government a lot . And one of the 

891
00:34:25,080 --> 00:34:27,247
things that I R in particular does did 

892
00:34:27,247 --> 00:34:29,740
does great , great Way does does really 

893
00:34:29,740 --> 00:34:32,290
well focusing on prize challenges and 

894
00:34:32,290 --> 00:34:34,290
then the broad agency announcements 

895
00:34:34,290 --> 00:34:36,510
that Catherine mentioned they are 

896
00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:38,780
contracting methods that are more 

897
00:34:38,780 --> 00:34:41,210
flexible , more streamlined , can be a 

898
00:34:41,210 --> 00:34:43,930
lot faster than sort of a traditional . 

899
00:34:43,930 --> 00:34:45,986
I'm going to tell you exactly what I 

900
00:34:45,986 --> 00:34:48,208
need , and then you're gonna propose to 

901
00:34:48,208 --> 00:34:50,374
it . So those are things that n g A is 

902
00:34:50,374 --> 00:34:52,597
undertaking a lot more . And actually , 

903
00:34:52,597 --> 00:34:52,550
during this covert time period , we had 

904
00:34:52,560 --> 00:34:54,560
three or four prize challenges . We 

905
00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:56,782
just put out a competition , um , using 

906
00:34:56,782 --> 00:34:58,838
other transactional authorities . So 

907
00:34:58,838 --> 00:35:01,171
another tool in our acquisition toolbox . 

908
00:35:01,171 --> 00:35:03,060
So we're getting very creative in 

909
00:35:03,060 --> 00:35:05,171
finding ways to be quicker because we 

910
00:35:05,171 --> 00:35:07,282
have definitely heard that feedback , 

911
00:35:07,282 --> 00:35:09,338
that it can be a long time for us to 

912
00:35:09,338 --> 00:35:11,449
get things on contract . So how do we 

913
00:35:11,449 --> 00:35:13,449
more quickly move , especially when 

914
00:35:13,449 --> 00:35:15,504
technology moves so quickly ? How do 

915
00:35:15,504 --> 00:35:17,393
you get new ideas , new players , 

916
00:35:17,393 --> 00:35:19,282
people who have never worked with 

917
00:35:19,282 --> 00:35:18,810
government because of the fact that 

918
00:35:18,810 --> 00:35:20,921
they thought it was too cumbersome to 

919
00:35:20,921 --> 00:35:22,588
be interested in not only the 

920
00:35:22,588 --> 00:35:24,699
challenges you have to solve , but it 

921
00:35:24,699 --> 00:35:26,699
actually working with you and price 

922
00:35:26,699 --> 00:35:28,366
challenges and brought agency 

923
00:35:28,366 --> 00:35:30,532
announcements have been great tools to 

924
00:35:30,532 --> 00:35:33,880
use her . You know , the intelligence 

925
00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:36,102
community and the Department of Defense 

926
00:35:36,102 --> 00:35:38,610
more broadly have brought so many 

927
00:35:38,620 --> 00:35:40,398
innovations and technologies to 

928
00:35:40,398 --> 00:35:42,231
mainstream society . We have all 

929
00:35:42,231 --> 00:35:44,970
benefited so much from the work that 

930
00:35:44,980 --> 00:35:47,202
that different agencies have done , and 

931
00:35:47,202 --> 00:35:50,210
everything from GPS to certain vaccines 

932
00:35:50,220 --> 00:35:52,560
all have come out of of government 

933
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:54,890
agencies . I'd love to ask all of the 

934
00:35:54,890 --> 00:35:56,946
Panelists to talk a little bit about 

935
00:35:56,946 --> 00:36:00,620
what you need from either taxpayers or 

936
00:36:00,620 --> 00:36:03,720
lawmakers or other parts of the 

937
00:36:03,720 --> 00:36:06,340
ecosystem in order to keep doing the 

938
00:36:06,340 --> 00:36:08,562
innovation work you're doing . And I'll 

939
00:36:08,562 --> 00:36:10,618
start with an , um , A few people in 

940
00:36:10,618 --> 00:36:12,729
the chat have mentioned that you're a 

941
00:36:12,729 --> 00:36:14,896
little bit hard to read here . I don't 

942
00:36:14,896 --> 00:36:14,050
know if you could maybe move a little 

943
00:36:14,050 --> 00:36:15,606
closer to your microphone . 

944
00:36:19,230 --> 00:36:22,620
Sure , absolutely . Uh , I'm actually 

945
00:36:22,620 --> 00:36:24,342
laughing at that comment about 

946
00:36:24,342 --> 00:36:26,900
administrator who's hard to hear folks 

947
00:36:26,900 --> 00:36:29,011
typically laughing that we're good at 

948
00:36:29,011 --> 00:36:32,320
listening on . Uh , I think the first 

949
00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:35,610
part is as many of us talk through what 

950
00:36:35,610 --> 00:36:37,443
helps us what is the root of our 

951
00:36:37,443 --> 00:36:40,090
success in innovation and in technology 

952
00:36:40,090 --> 00:36:43,690
breakthroughs . So people coming in 

953
00:36:43,690 --> 00:36:45,857
giving us a chance . You know , it's , 

954
00:36:45,857 --> 00:36:47,579
uh , understanding that in the 

955
00:36:47,579 --> 00:36:49,579
intelligence community department , 

956
00:36:49,579 --> 00:36:51,523
defense community , there are hard 

957
00:36:51,523 --> 00:36:53,412
problems that we see solved , and 

958
00:36:53,412 --> 00:36:55,579
sometimes those problems are solved in 

959
00:36:55,579 --> 00:36:57,746
the shadows . So it's upon us to build 

960
00:36:57,746 --> 00:36:59,690
greater trust in talking about our 

961
00:36:59,690 --> 00:37:01,912
missions and talking about the cultures 

962
00:37:01,912 --> 00:37:01,880
that we have here so that people want 

963
00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:04,170
to come and work within those culture . 

964
00:37:04,830 --> 00:37:07,120
Andi and then I think the second piece 

965
00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:10,860
of that giving us flexible ways to hire 

966
00:37:10,860 --> 00:37:13,340
individuals , bringing in in some cases , 

967
00:37:13,730 --> 00:37:16,090
help compete private sector salaries we 

968
00:37:16,090 --> 00:37:18,640
know we need and we can on the type of 

969
00:37:18,640 --> 00:37:20,862
mission problems that work on solving . 

970
00:37:20,862 --> 00:37:23,084
But sometimes it's really challenging . 

971
00:37:23,330 --> 00:37:25,552
Take a step out of their lives and come 

972
00:37:25,552 --> 00:37:27,552
and join . So I would say something 

973
00:37:27,552 --> 00:37:29,890
that up recognizing first step . What 

974
00:37:29,890 --> 00:37:32,970
makes us who we are are the great that 

975
00:37:32,980 --> 00:37:35,900
we connect king and anything to help us 

976
00:37:35,900 --> 00:37:38,370
incentivize . That is great . And then 

977
00:37:38,450 --> 00:37:40,640
it's upon all of us to ensure that the 

978
00:37:40,640 --> 00:37:42,860
broader population has visibility into 

979
00:37:42,860 --> 00:37:45,193
the kinds of problems you seek to solve . 

980
00:37:45,193 --> 00:37:47,304
So they want to join us and be a part 

981
00:37:47,304 --> 00:37:51,220
of Dr Dixon and same question for 

982
00:37:51,220 --> 00:37:54,880
you . What can what can the 

983
00:37:54,880 --> 00:37:57,950
public do to help advance the mission 

984
00:37:57,950 --> 00:38:00,750
of innovation at your agency ? 

985
00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:04,570
Stephanie , i'll be a little broad with 

986
00:38:04,570 --> 00:38:06,900
this one . I need to see more trust 

987
00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:09,360
from the American people . Um , for 

988
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:11,582
government in general , Um , you know , 

989
00:38:11,582 --> 00:38:13,582
the intelligence community . I know 

990
00:38:13,582 --> 00:38:15,749
that we have a lot of secrets , but we 

991
00:38:15,749 --> 00:38:15,150
really go out of our way to be 

992
00:38:15,150 --> 00:38:17,206
transparent , to be good stewards of 

993
00:38:17,206 --> 00:38:19,320
taxpayer dollars . And I think what 

994
00:38:19,320 --> 00:38:21,264
people don't seem to understand is 

995
00:38:21,264 --> 00:38:23,860
there is the democratic way of life for 

996
00:38:23,860 --> 00:38:26,890
American values . It's not guaranteed . 

997
00:38:26,900 --> 00:38:29,067
There are countries out there who want 

998
00:38:29,067 --> 00:38:31,233
to be better than us . They want their 

999
00:38:31,233 --> 00:38:33,400
country to raise in stature while ours 

1000
00:38:33,400 --> 00:38:35,511
decreases . And if we don't have more 

1001
00:38:35,511 --> 00:38:37,733
partnerships with the American people , 

1002
00:38:37,733 --> 00:38:37,050
whether that's with academia and 

1003
00:38:37,050 --> 00:38:39,050
industry and those who want to help 

1004
00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:41,272
support government , help government be 

1005
00:38:41,272 --> 00:38:43,494
successful so that we can help keep the 

1006
00:38:43,494 --> 00:38:45,328
country safe . Um , we're really 

1007
00:38:45,328 --> 00:38:47,820
jeopardizing our future . So I want 

1008
00:38:47,820 --> 00:38:49,800
trust . I want I want faith in our 

1009
00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:52,022
government . I want faith in the things 

1010
00:38:52,022 --> 00:38:53,744
that we're trying to do and an 

1011
00:38:53,744 --> 00:38:55,800
understanding that you know , at the 

1012
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:57,856
end of the day , I want to keep this 

1013
00:38:57,856 --> 00:38:59,800
country safe . I want to keep this 

1014
00:38:59,800 --> 00:38:59,500
country prosperous . And I wanna make 

1015
00:38:59,500 --> 00:39:01,722
sure that our values are values that we 

1016
00:39:01,722 --> 00:39:03,778
can define and determine so anything 

1017
00:39:03,778 --> 00:39:05,778
that Republican due to help that Is 

1018
00:39:05,778 --> 00:39:09,730
this what I'm asking after Marsh ? Any 

1019
00:39:09,730 --> 00:39:12,410
thoughts on how we can help by ARPA 

1020
00:39:12,420 --> 00:39:13,050
succeed ? 

1021
00:39:18,320 --> 00:39:20,890
Actually , just continue to participate 

1022
00:39:20,900 --> 00:39:22,840
and to , you know , we have the 

1023
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:26,450
opportunity to bring all these minds to 

1024
00:39:26,450 --> 00:39:30,250
bear , and we want you to continue to 

1025
00:39:30,260 --> 00:39:32,600
give us your ideas . We are really 

1026
00:39:32,610 --> 00:39:35,170
blessed because we don't like Stacey 

1027
00:39:35,170 --> 00:39:37,760
said . We don't go out with a I want to 

1028
00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:39,816
buy this widget That's this tall and 

1029
00:39:39,816 --> 00:39:42,290
whatever . We got a problem and we're 

1030
00:39:42,290 --> 00:39:45,280
looking for your great ideas to bring 

1031
00:39:45,280 --> 00:39:47,520
them to bear on this . And so how do 

1032
00:39:47,520 --> 00:39:49,990
you continue to do that ? And and I 

1033
00:39:50,000 --> 00:39:52,270
agree with what Stacy's that also , in 

1034
00:39:52,270 --> 00:39:54,140
the how do you use grants , 

1035
00:39:54,140 --> 00:39:56,370
transactions other authorities so that 

1036
00:39:56,370 --> 00:39:59,680
we are agile with our acquisition 

1037
00:39:59,690 --> 00:40:02,040
authorities to get people under 

1038
00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:04,260
contract quickly ? You know , I'm I'm 

1039
00:40:04,260 --> 00:40:06,600
pushing my program managers . It's not 

1040
00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:08,740
acceptable to me that you go through 

1041
00:40:08,740 --> 00:40:10,907
source selection and , you know , it's 

1042
00:40:10,907 --> 00:40:13,290
six months later , before I see , um 

1043
00:40:13,300 --> 00:40:15,840
you know the down select memo ? 

1044
00:40:16,210 --> 00:40:18,360
Absolutely not . I mean , like , if I 

1045
00:40:18,360 --> 00:40:20,720
don't see it in x period of time , 

1046
00:40:20,730 --> 00:40:22,897
we're gonna have a conversation here . 

1047
00:40:22,897 --> 00:40:25,630
So I respect that . It takes time for 

1048
00:40:25,640 --> 00:40:27,751
people who are out there and they did 

1049
00:40:27,751 --> 00:40:29,862
on this work . We wanna be respectful 

1050
00:40:29,862 --> 00:40:31,862
with them and get them an answer as 

1051
00:40:31,862 --> 00:40:33,862
soon as we can . Um , that's what's 

1052
00:40:33,862 --> 00:40:35,973
gonna keep them coming back . Right ? 

1053
00:40:35,973 --> 00:40:38,230
Eso being Peter Smile , Bruce split . 

1054
00:40:38,810 --> 00:40:41,350
They've got great ideas , E . I love 

1055
00:40:41,350 --> 00:40:43,461
hearing the sense of urgency from all 

1056
00:40:43,461 --> 00:40:45,794
three of you in our time remaining . Dr . 

1057
00:40:45,794 --> 00:40:47,850
Dixon , you did raise the specter of 

1058
00:40:47,850 --> 00:40:50,100
America's place in the world . I'd love 

1059
00:40:50,100 --> 00:40:52,470
to hear each of the Panelists talk 

1060
00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:55,830
about American competitiveness , Visa 

1061
00:40:55,830 --> 00:40:57,840
vee technology and perhaps visa the 

1062
00:40:57,850 --> 00:41:01,050
intelligence technology . Um , do you 

1063
00:41:01,050 --> 00:41:03,000
feel like America continues 

1064
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:06,960
Thio play a leading role ? Or should we 

1065
00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:10,650
be concerned about the fact that so 

1066
00:41:10,650 --> 00:41:12,539
many other countries and China in 

1067
00:41:12,539 --> 00:41:15,350
particular , um , you know our playing 

1068
00:41:15,350 --> 00:41:17,350
catch up or taking the lead in some 

1069
00:41:17,350 --> 00:41:19,072
cases in areas like artificial 

1070
00:41:19,072 --> 00:41:21,380
intelligence and certainly doing a lot 

1071
00:41:21,380 --> 00:41:23,580
of experimentation in quantum Andi , 

1072
00:41:23,580 --> 00:41:25,691
I'll start with you . How do you feel 

1073
00:41:25,691 --> 00:41:27,913
about where American technology sits in 

1074
00:41:27,913 --> 00:41:31,690
the world ? I think 

1075
00:41:31,690 --> 00:41:33,840
so . The model of American technology 

1076
00:41:35,410 --> 00:41:38,290
pressing on , aiming for open standards 

1077
00:41:38,290 --> 00:41:40,240
of aiming for open innovations 

1078
00:41:40,610 --> 00:41:43,430
Certainly one that been at the root of 

1079
00:41:43,430 --> 00:41:46,720
unearth attracted immigrants . Well , 

1080
00:41:46,720 --> 00:41:49,910
that's quite enabled of the leading and 

1081
00:41:49,910 --> 00:41:52,760
largest in the number of when we look 

1082
00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:54,816
at certain , more sacred than models 

1083
00:41:54,816 --> 00:41:56,538
like the Chinese model . We're 

1084
00:41:56,538 --> 00:41:58,316
certainly seeing making focused 

1085
00:41:58,316 --> 00:42:01,000
advancement areas of new R and B , and 

1086
00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:02,778
I think as a result of the cost 

1087
00:42:02,778 --> 00:42:04,556
intelligence community research 

1088
00:42:04,556 --> 00:42:06,778
community , we put focus areas on those 

1089
00:42:06,778 --> 00:42:08,667
same things to ensure that we can 

1090
00:42:08,667 --> 00:42:11,520
remain competitive . One area where 

1091
00:42:11,530 --> 00:42:13,419
there is a bit of a divergence in 

1092
00:42:13,419 --> 00:42:15,586
approach , where we are looking to see 

1093
00:42:15,586 --> 00:42:17,890
how do we ensure the American model can 

1094
00:42:17,900 --> 00:42:20,530
be competitive is in the area of 

1095
00:42:20,540 --> 00:42:22,318
artificial intelligence machine 

1096
00:42:22,318 --> 00:42:24,484
learning that's fundamentally built on 

1097
00:42:24,530 --> 00:42:26,641
a large amounts of data large amounts 

1098
00:42:26,641 --> 00:42:28,919
of data that could be brought together , 

1099
00:42:28,919 --> 00:42:31,086
for instance , in the American model , 

1100
00:42:31,086 --> 00:42:33,308
much of the much of that data is across 

1101
00:42:33,308 --> 00:42:35,363
the private sector . So many cases , 

1102
00:42:35,363 --> 00:42:37,586
many of those models , and that in some 

1103
00:42:37,586 --> 00:42:39,030
in order for that broader 

1104
00:42:39,030 --> 00:42:41,252
competitiveness to be advanced in order 

1105
00:42:41,252 --> 00:42:42,974
for us is an economy and other 

1106
00:42:42,974 --> 00:42:45,141
countries . To get the full benefit of 

1107
00:42:45,141 --> 00:42:47,252
that , we need to ensure that we have 

1108
00:42:47,252 --> 00:42:49,086
both sharing up those models and 

1109
00:42:49,086 --> 00:42:51,086
ability to talk to them and ability 

1110
00:42:51,086 --> 00:42:54,230
didn't understand , um , how to how to 

1111
00:42:54,230 --> 00:42:56,341
ensure that they're used most broadly 

1112
00:42:56,341 --> 00:42:58,397
to solve process of mission problems 

1113
00:42:58,397 --> 00:43:00,174
not unique to who owns the data 

1114
00:43:00,174 --> 00:43:02,341
specific . And I think that's one area 

1115
00:43:02,341 --> 00:43:04,480
where , certainly , as we look to the 

1116
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:06,480
future of Western model , both from 

1117
00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:08,910
protecting privacy but also making the 

1118
00:43:08,910 --> 00:43:11,050
most of data so that the insights and 

1119
00:43:11,050 --> 00:43:13,920
models are fully leverage to something 

1120
00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:15,309
that is a challenge with 

1121
00:43:18,100 --> 00:43:21,440
Dr Dixon . American competitiveness 

1122
00:43:21,450 --> 00:43:23,283
when it comes toe technology and 

1123
00:43:23,283 --> 00:43:25,117
particularly perhaps some of the 

1124
00:43:25,117 --> 00:43:27,283
technologies that you mentioned at the 

1125
00:43:27,283 --> 00:43:29,506
top of the conversation as being things 

1126
00:43:29,506 --> 00:43:31,728
that you're you're particularly excited 

1127
00:43:31,728 --> 00:43:33,728
about in the area of satellites and 

1128
00:43:33,728 --> 00:43:36,510
data eso The thing that sort of worries 

1129
00:43:36,510 --> 00:43:38,732
me is sort of maintaining the advantage 

1130
00:43:38,732 --> 00:43:40,954
that we've had for so long . And if you 

1131
00:43:40,954 --> 00:43:43,121
look at the you know , our some of our 

1132
00:43:43,121 --> 00:43:45,343
placement in the global competition for 

1133
00:43:45,343 --> 00:43:47,530
students , American scores in math and 

1134
00:43:47,530 --> 00:43:49,752
Science you know where our student body 

1135
00:43:49,752 --> 00:43:51,474
is ? How well are we preparing 

1136
00:43:51,474 --> 00:43:53,252
individuals in the intelligence 

1137
00:43:53,252 --> 00:43:55,141
community ? We're hiring American 

1138
00:43:55,141 --> 00:43:54,790
citizens for the most part , for 

1139
00:43:54,790 --> 00:43:57,400
government jobs . And yet universities 

1140
00:43:57,400 --> 00:43:59,344
were graduating a lot more foreign 

1141
00:43:59,344 --> 00:44:01,344
students in some of these high tech 

1142
00:44:01,344 --> 00:44:04,750
areas . So we we need to commit Teoh 

1143
00:44:04,760 --> 00:44:07,800
Mawr . Focus on science and technology 

1144
00:44:07,810 --> 00:44:09,810
just with the American students and 

1145
00:44:09,810 --> 00:44:11,921
citizens . Citizens in general , uh , 

1146
00:44:11,921 --> 00:44:14,088
with respect to the technologies . The 

1147
00:44:14,088 --> 00:44:16,143
nice thing is the government doesn't 

1148
00:44:16,143 --> 00:44:18,254
have to lead in everything right . We 

1149
00:44:18,254 --> 00:44:20,532
picked the areas where we need to lead . 

1150
00:44:20,532 --> 00:44:22,699
There's some that we want to influence 

1151
00:44:22,699 --> 00:44:24,921
or Taylor for intelligence challenges . 

1152
00:44:24,921 --> 00:44:24,060
And then there's somewhere we just need 

1153
00:44:24,060 --> 00:44:26,171
to be able to adopt it more quickly . 

1154
00:44:26,171 --> 00:44:28,227
So picking , picking those battles , 

1155
00:44:28,227 --> 00:44:30,449
picking the places where we really need 

1156
00:44:30,449 --> 00:44:32,560
to prioritize our leadership and then 

1157
00:44:32,560 --> 00:44:32,030
really focusing on those and re 

1158
00:44:32,030 --> 00:44:34,030
sourcing those long you know , long 

1159
00:44:34,030 --> 00:44:36,197
term eyes where we need thio , sort of 

1160
00:44:36,197 --> 00:44:38,252
partner of government , government , 

1161
00:44:38,252 --> 00:44:39,919
executive branch , government 

1162
00:44:39,919 --> 00:44:42,086
legislative slate legislative branch , 

1163
00:44:42,086 --> 00:44:44,252
to be able to then have the support we 

1164
00:44:44,252 --> 00:44:46,252
need to be ableto really focused on 

1165
00:44:46,252 --> 00:44:46,250
those long term initiatives . So I'm 

1166
00:44:46,250 --> 00:44:48,583
excited by the industry that we've seen . 

1167
00:44:48,583 --> 00:44:50,694
I'm excited that we can leverage both 

1168
00:44:50,694 --> 00:44:52,861
foreign and commercial industry in the 

1169
00:44:52,861 --> 00:44:55,028
U . S . But those places where we need 

1170
00:44:55,028 --> 00:44:57,194
to leave , we really need to have more 

1171
00:44:57,194 --> 00:44:59,417
focus on getting more American students 

1172
00:44:59,417 --> 00:45:01,472
to focus on math and science . And I 

1173
00:45:01,472 --> 00:45:00,990
hope people are getting excited about 

1174
00:45:00,990 --> 00:45:03,212
that . That we could inspire some folks 

1175
00:45:03,212 --> 00:45:05,710
to choose that path . Dr . Marsh , I'm 

1176
00:45:05,710 --> 00:45:07,432
gonna give you the last word . 

1177
00:45:11,190 --> 00:45:13,720
Okay , so , you know , I cannot agree 

1178
00:45:13,720 --> 00:45:15,831
with what Stacy said more . In fact , 

1179
00:45:15,831 --> 00:45:18,450
my in thinking about this , we can't 

1180
00:45:18,450 --> 00:45:21,070
start and in college , we've got to 

1181
00:45:21,070 --> 00:45:23,126
start in grade school . We've got to 

1182
00:45:23,126 --> 00:45:25,181
get people excited in grade school . 

1183
00:45:25,181 --> 00:45:27,292
We've got to get our math and science 

1184
00:45:27,292 --> 00:45:29,014
teachers , the teachers at the 

1185
00:45:29,014 --> 00:45:31,720
elementary level to be excited about us , 

1186
00:45:31,720 --> 00:45:34,540
the stem fields on all across . Right . 

1187
00:45:34,550 --> 00:45:37,470
Because if we capture the minds and the 

1188
00:45:37,470 --> 00:45:39,850
hearts and minds of the Children then 

1189
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:42,130
and teach them to be curious , right ? 

1190
00:45:42,130 --> 00:45:44,241
Teach them toe . Ask the who , what ? 

1191
00:45:44,241 --> 00:45:46,297
When , Where ? Why , how questions ? 

1192
00:45:46,470 --> 00:45:48,637
Okay , then they're gonna follow their 

1193
00:45:48,637 --> 00:45:52,620
path and dreams into the the world of 

1194
00:45:52,620 --> 00:45:54,398
science , whether it be for the 

1195
00:45:54,398 --> 00:45:56,910
government or the private sector . But 

1196
00:45:56,910 --> 00:45:59,077
we will have that further investment . 

1197
00:45:59,077 --> 00:46:01,188
So I think that as a you know , if we 

1198
00:46:01,188 --> 00:46:03,460
want help from the taxpayers , it's 

1199
00:46:03,460 --> 00:46:07,140
getting the primary up . Middle school 

1200
00:46:07,150 --> 00:46:10,140
and high school education , too , have 

1201
00:46:10,150 --> 00:46:13,120
much more of an emphasis on science . I 

1202
00:46:13,120 --> 00:46:15,970
mean , my my niece went to high school , 

1203
00:46:15,970 --> 00:46:17,970
graduate from high school . She's a 

1204
00:46:17,970 --> 00:46:20,160
sophomore . You be a now . She went 

1205
00:46:20,160 --> 00:46:22,438
through chemistry without having a lab . 

1206
00:46:22,438 --> 00:46:24,650
How could that possibly be ? Right ? 

1207
00:46:24,660 --> 00:46:27,720
And it's just not , you know , because 

1208
00:46:27,720 --> 00:46:29,776
there wasn't enough funding and that 

1209
00:46:29,776 --> 00:46:31,720
that's got to change . And I think 

1210
00:46:31,720 --> 00:46:33,720
fundamentally when we can do that , 

1211
00:46:33,720 --> 00:46:35,770
that I mean , the reason I'm the 

1212
00:46:35,770 --> 00:46:38,480
scientist today is because I watched 

1213
00:46:38,480 --> 00:46:40,702
when we were when I was eight years old 

1214
00:46:40,702 --> 00:46:43,050
as land on the moon . Right . And how 

1215
00:46:43,050 --> 00:46:45,410
could we possibly do that ? Those are 

1216
00:46:45,410 --> 00:46:47,521
the things that are going to get that 

1217
00:46:47,521 --> 00:46:50,050
investment in our future , uh , to get 

1218
00:46:50,050 --> 00:46:52,220
us where we need today . So sorry I'm 

1219
00:46:52,220 --> 00:46:54,331
on my soapbox . But that is something 

1220
00:46:54,331 --> 00:46:56,664
that really matters to me . Yeah , well , 

1221
00:46:56,664 --> 00:46:58,776
I would say that all three of you are 

1222
00:46:58,776 --> 00:47:00,887
definitely , um , individuals who can 

1223
00:47:00,887 --> 00:47:03,053
inspire a new generation of scientists 

1224
00:47:03,053 --> 00:47:05,276
and technologists . I want to thank our 

1225
00:47:05,276 --> 00:47:07,590
Panelists Stacy Dixon , Katharine March 

1226
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:09,711
and Neuberger . Thank you so much for 

1227
00:47:09,711 --> 00:47:11,711
being with us for this conversation 

1228
00:47:11,711 --> 00:47:13,933
about innovation in the public sector . 

1229
00:47:13,933 --> 00:47:16,044
I wanna thank Aspen Institute and the 

1230
00:47:16,044 --> 00:47:18,211
Aspen Digital Crew . And , of course , 

1231
00:47:18,211 --> 00:47:20,378
the Aspen Cyber Summit . Thank you all 

1232
00:47:20,378 --> 00:47:22,433
for listening today and have a great 

1233
00:47:22,433 --> 00:47:21,710
afternoon .