WEBVTT

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Well , good morning , ladies and

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gentlemen . I'm Dave Deptula , dean of

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the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace

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Studies , And welcome to our first

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space power forum of the New Year . Or

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really pleased that General James

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Dickinson could join us today . John

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Dickinson is the commander of U . S

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Space Command , 11th and most recently

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established , Unified Combatant Command .

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It's responsible for conducting

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operations in From Into Space . Now ,

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before joining U . S Space Command .

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Initially , as its deputy commander ,

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General Dickinson served as the

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commanding general of the Army Space

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and Missile Defense Command . So

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welcome , General . And thanks very

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much for making time to join us today .

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Uh , I'd like mentioned that it was

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really a pleasure having your chief of

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staff regular General Leonard on the

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forum toe close out last year . Uh , so

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with that said , I'd like to kick

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things off today by giving you an

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opportunity to make a few opening

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remarks on the progress you've made to

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date building out space command , your

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vision for the command and what some of

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your biggest challenges and priorities

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are as you look into the future . So

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with that over to you . Well , good

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morning . And , uh I should say good

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morning from a snowy and cold Colorado .

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We've had some snow over the last 24

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hours , so I appreciate the opportunity

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day to get the opportunity to speak

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with you and General Deptula . Thank

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you , Dave . Thanks for that great

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introduction . I am very thankful to

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get a chance to speak to the aerospace

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nation for him today . I applaud your

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interest in exploring topics focused on

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the U . S . And Allied military space

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capabilities . Whether in this forum or

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in the space power Siri's your effort

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outline the right solutions and the

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aerospace domain to protect our nation

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is exactly the kind of focus we need in

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today's strategic environment . So just

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before Christmas , you heard , as Dave

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said from my chief of staff , Air Force

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Brigadier General Tank Leonard , today

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in the Aerospace Forum , all elaborate

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on some of what tank shared with you

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last December . And I'll also offer you

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some additional perspectives on where

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United States Space Command is headed

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and how we'll get there . And why so

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years ago , mostly in the days of the

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first U . S . Space Command , we often

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hear about the need to integrate space

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into U . S and Allied War fighting

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operations . What we've been

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successfully integrating space and the

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military operations for a few decades

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now I think the fact that it's not

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unusual today toe have an Air Force

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fighter pilot as my commands as my

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chief of staff and an Army air

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defenders such as myself , is the

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commanding general and the Marine Corps .

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Master Gunnery Sergeant Master Master

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Guns Stocker as my command senior

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enlisted leader is all a pretty good

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indication of how we have all

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integrated . So it's now less than

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about . So now it's less about how will

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integrate space in this sister domain

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military operations . At this point , I

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think that's a given . The question now

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is how well will integrate their

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traditional military capabilities of

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other domains into space for fighting

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operations . That will be the true test

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of how well collectively , the U . S .

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Armed forces executes the directives

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outlined in the unified command plan to

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protect and defend us and allied

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interests in space . All of this

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supports the logic behind a new

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combatant command for space and , for

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that matter , the rationale behind

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creating the sixth branch of the Armed

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forces , the United States Space Force ,

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the strategic environment governing U .

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S . And Allied engagement in space is

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different today and that different

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environment requires a different

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approach . We've been laying out the

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evidence for this for the past couple

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of years . Now , the Mitchell Institute

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has hosted a number of military experts

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who have spoken on this theme from both

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the war fighting and the organized

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train and equip perspectives . Among

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them have been General J . Raymond ,

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Lieutenant General Stephen Whiting ,

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Lieutenant General John Shop . Who now ,

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by the way , is my new deputy commander

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and Major General Deanna Bert , among

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many others . Tank Tank Leonard last

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week essentially made the same case

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last month when he spoke with you about

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the differences between the new U . S

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Space Command and our predecessor

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Combatant Command . He focused

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primarily on the mission and the

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organizational changes required to the

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new U . S . Space Command . Those

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changes are necessary to operate in

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today's strategic environment in order

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to meet the new national imperative for

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space . Among the most important of

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those differences include the fact that

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space is now is now acknowledged as a

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war fighting domain . This gives you a

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space com a declared and defined area

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of responsibility that a R starts at

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100 kilometers above the Earth and

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expands into infinity . We are actually

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an extra terrestrial combatant command ,

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and we operate in a physical domain

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every day . Additionally , this war

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fighting domain is growing , and this a

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R is by far the biggest and is getting

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bigger each day . So it's important to

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realize the significance of what

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operations in that O . R do for the

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American way of life and the American

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way of war Space is fundamental to both .

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That's why our new mission set includes

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the new imperative to protect and

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defend us and allied interests in the

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domain . Those interests are under

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significant threat by adversaries

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determined to negate the advantage

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space brings to US adversary ,

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militarization and weaponization of

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space compelled the Department of

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Defense to respond structurally

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organized , organizationally and

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functionally , and we have responded .

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In short , we have established space

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warfighting capabilities to answer

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three mission imperatives . One are

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enduring no fail mission to enable

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warfighting operations in other domains

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to our future Mission is global Sat com

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manager and global sensor manager and

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three our current new mission set

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compelling us to fight and win in the

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space domain in order to protect and

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defend our interests there . It's this

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latter mission set that really defines

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the difference between today's U S

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Space Command and the old U S Space

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Command . That U S Space Command was

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almost exclusively back in the old day .

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A supporting combatant commander

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today's U S Space Command retains those

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supporting functions but is now a

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supported combatant command to should

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our fundamental objective of deterrence

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fail and we're called upon to fight and

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win in this space domain will be

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supported by the other combatant

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commands in this important task .

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Successful execution of that new part

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of our mission set requires a new way

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of thinking for the employment of space .

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Power in a domain is vast and as

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complex as space . That can be a

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significant challenge . It requires

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using the lessons of the past and new

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applications of baseline theories ,

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operational concepts and tactics ,

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techniques and procedures . That's why

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it's so intriguing to be part of the

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Mitchell Institute form . When

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discussing this issue , your own

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mission statement recognizes the need

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sometimes to quote question ,

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established doctrine , organizational

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constructs and operational concepts ,

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asking whether there is a better way to

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meet desired goals . That's exactly the

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innovative approach needed for

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successful space warfighting operations .

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It's exactly the approach we've been

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taking at U . S Space Command , so the

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space domain is competitive , congested

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and contested . Our competitors , most

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notably China and Russia , have

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militarized and weapons eyes this

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domain that requires us to proactively

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engaged to protect and defend our

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interests there . That proactive

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engagement must be on our terms so that

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we can operate fully and freely in the

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domain when , where and how we need to .

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That , of course , is the classic

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definition of domain superiority . So

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in order to protect and defend us and

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allied interests in this space domain

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effectively , we must retain foster and

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maintain space superiority . That's not

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like , unlike that's not unlike other

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domains or that's so central to the

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Mitchell institutes . Focus in this

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example air superiority . The concept

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is the same . Just apply to a new

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complex and challenging warfighting

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domain . Later this week , you'll see

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the rollout of my Commander strategic

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narrative . It will outline many of our

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concepts for how to ensure space

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superiority , among other elements

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necessary for successful execution of

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our missions . In the meantime , I'll

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give you a sneak preview of what we're

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working on to ensure we have space

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superiority when and where we need it .

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We call these efforts my command . Keep

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my command key tasks . The first is to

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understand our competition . Within

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that task , we must educate our joint

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warfighters on adversary threats to our

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space capabilities . We have to train

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those warfighters to outmaneuver our

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enemies , and we have to innovate using

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bold approaches like disruptive

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thinking . The second key task requires

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us to build the command to compete and

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win . You heard a bit about this task

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last month from Tank when he described

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our structure using service and

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functional warfighting components . All

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of this pushes us toward our ultimate

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goal of full operational capability ,

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and it allows us to sustain a war

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fighting culture and adapt to a dynamic

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and changing strategic environment .

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The third key task is maintaining key

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relationships . The complexity of

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operations in the largest and most

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challenging warfighting environment

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requires us to strengthen out alliances

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and attract new partners . We must

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enhance an operability through a joint

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combined and a partnered approach to

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space warfighting operations , and we

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must unite around a compelling

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narrative focused predominantly on the

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concept that we work actively to retain

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and strengthen our space superiority .

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That narrative must also promote

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responsible behavior responsible

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behaviors in space over long periods of

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time so gradually they become

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international norms . Our fourth task

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is to maintain digital superiority . We

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must innovate to achieve and maintain

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our competitive advantage . We must

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evolve cyber operations in order to

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maintain an agile and resilient posture .

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And we must invest in game changing

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technologies to include artificial

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intelligence and machine learning . Our

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final task is integrating commercial

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and interagency organizations . We have

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had a good start both at the National

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Space Defense Center , our Joint Task

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Force Space Defense Operation Center at

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Schriever Garrison and at the

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Commercial Integration sell at

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Vandenberg Air Force Base . This

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integration will help us promote

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responsible behaviors in space ,

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advocate for greater space capabilities

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and collaborate to solve mutual

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challenges with all elements of

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national power . All of this , along

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with what you will see in the rest of

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the Commander strategic narrative , is

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designed to best posture U S . Space

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Command for providing viable space

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warfighting options to our national

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command authorities . The reality is

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that although our ejector will always

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be the deter of war that begins in or

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extends into space , adversary behavior

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in this space domain could drive us to

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have to fight to protect and defend our

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interests there . So if necessary to

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fight in space , make no mistake . We

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will win . That victory will come

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through a joint combined and partnered

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approach to space warfighting

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operations with United States Space

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Command and the nation's other

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combatant commands and mutually

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supporting and supported rules . That

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inherent synergy reflects our multi

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domain approach to waging and winning

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this nation's war . It's why we stood

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up the new Combatant Command for a new

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warfighting domain with a new

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imperative . To protect and defend our

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interests in space . United States

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Space Command is now well established

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and rapidly expanding our space war

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fighting capability . We are building

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our space warfighting culture and we

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are maintaining and building us and

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allied space superiority as we

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accelerate the development and fielding

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of new innovative technologies

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appropriate for the domain and today's

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strategic environment . The strategic

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bought the strategic environment

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demands those capabilities . The United

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States and our allies expect that of us ,

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and we're proud to be able to provide

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them today and into the future . There

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will never be a day without space . And

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today and into the future , United

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States Space Command will be there to

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guarantee that . So , David , thanks

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for your introduction this morning . I

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appreciate the opportunity to provide a

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few comments , and I look forward to

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your questions . Well , thanks for that

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context and insight , General . And

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thanks very much for all that you and

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your team is doing . Uh , not just to

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protect and defend the space domain ,

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but to enable everything else that goes

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on here on Earth . So let Z take a deep

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dive or dive a little bit deeper into

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some of the topics that you raise and

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some of the issues of the day earlier

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this month . I think everybody is aware

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of the fact that it was announced that

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the Army's Redstone Arsenal in

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Huntsville , Alabama , was selected a

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za location for the permanent

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headquarters of U S Space Command .

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Could you give us a little bit of

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insight into how that determination was

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made , as well as the process and the

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timeline for moving your headquarters

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from its provisional location in

13:28.720 --> 13:31.500
Colorado down to Huntsville . Well , so

13:31.500 --> 13:33.556
thanks . You know , the secretary of

13:33.556 --> 13:35.389
your first made that decision to

13:35.389 --> 13:37.310
designate Redstone Arsenal in

13:37.310 --> 13:39.254
Huntsville as the preferred basing

13:39.254 --> 13:41.477
location for the permanent headquarters

13:41.477 --> 13:43.810
of the U . S . Space Command . You know ,

13:43.810 --> 13:45.921
the secretary selected Huntsville out

13:45.921 --> 13:47.588
of a pool of extremely strong

13:47.588 --> 13:49.588
contenders because it compared more

13:49.588 --> 13:52.750
favorably across a number of factors

13:52.940 --> 13:54.996
used to determine the best host city

13:54.996 --> 13:57.180
for our headquarters . Those factors

13:57.180 --> 13:59.790
included mission , infrastructure ,

13:59.800 --> 14:01.744
capacity , community , sport and ,

14:01.744 --> 14:03.911
quite frankly , cost to the Department

14:03.911 --> 14:06.600
of Defense . For now , the headquarters

14:06.600 --> 14:08.822
will remain here in Colorado Springs on

14:08.822 --> 14:10.878
a provisional basis , as outlined in

14:10.878 --> 14:12.822
the N . D . A . So no matter where

14:12.822 --> 14:14.878
we're located , just wanna make sure

14:14.878 --> 14:17.044
I'm clear whether the decision is here

14:17.044 --> 14:19.267
in Colorado Springs or somewhere else .

14:19.267 --> 14:21.378
You know , as all good great military

14:21.378 --> 14:23.489
organizations do , we will do what we

14:23.489 --> 14:25.322
need to do to make sure that the

14:25.322 --> 14:27.433
mission is never at jeopardy or a low

14:27.433 --> 14:29.960
or decrease in our capability in space

14:29.960 --> 14:32.071
domain . Whatever decision that might

14:32.071 --> 14:35.230
be made . Not very good . Appreciate

14:35.230 --> 14:39.080
that . Um , any word on timelines ? You

14:39.080 --> 14:41.620
know , when you might be moving , So

14:41.620 --> 14:44.090
you know , we have a provisional eso .

14:44.090 --> 14:46.780
The short answer is not not quickly .

14:46.790 --> 14:49.580
Quite frankly , we've got a provisional

14:49.590 --> 14:53.290
headquarters decision that that that is

14:53.290 --> 14:55.512
good , if you will , for about the next

14:55.512 --> 14:57.457
5 to 6 years . And so , as you can

14:57.457 --> 15:00.490
imagine with if the decision , uh , if

15:00.490 --> 15:02.712
the decision remains or is Huntsville ,

15:02.712 --> 15:04.879
Alabama , there will be some time that

15:04.879 --> 15:07.101
will need in order , thio construct the

15:07.101 --> 15:09.323
facilities and , quite frankly , modify

15:09.323 --> 15:11.601
them toe fit . Our mission set , which ,

15:11.601 --> 15:13.712
as you know , is is one that tends to

15:13.712 --> 15:16.460
be classified and whatnot . So we will

15:16.470 --> 15:18.581
think it will be several years before

15:18.581 --> 15:20.803
we see that . You know , I I appreciate

15:20.803 --> 15:22.803
that . I think I gives folks in the

15:22.803 --> 15:25.026
audience Ah , feel that it's gonna be ,

15:25.026 --> 15:27.137
you know , not not months but years .

15:27.137 --> 15:29.950
So thank you . Um , you talked about

15:29.960 --> 15:32.530
when General Leonard was on the forum .

15:32.540 --> 15:36.210
He mentioned how competition in space

15:36.220 --> 15:39.470
eyes now an everyday event . Whereas it

15:39.470 --> 15:42.620
used to be mawr episodic . Although

15:42.620 --> 15:45.430
things such as a sat weapons , uh ,

15:45.440 --> 15:48.250
tests tend Thio , grab the headlines .

15:48.440 --> 15:50.162
Can you give us a sense of how

15:50.162 --> 15:52.162
competition in space with China and

15:52.162 --> 15:54.218
Russia plays out on , um , or day to

15:54.218 --> 15:56.550
day basis ? And what are the kinds of

15:56.550 --> 15:58.494
things that space com are doing to

15:58.494 --> 16:00.717
tackle these growing threats ? Well , I

16:00.717 --> 16:02.883
think it's clear that the capabilities

16:02.883 --> 16:04.939
of you know our space faring nations

16:04.939 --> 16:07.050
have increased exponentially over the

16:07.050 --> 16:09.106
last several years . I mean , we can

16:09.106 --> 16:11.217
easily see that in the media . You've

16:11.217 --> 16:13.272
heard , you know , talked frequently

16:13.272 --> 16:15.383
that spaces , you know , congestive ,

16:15.383 --> 16:17.439
competitive and contested . And it's

16:17.439 --> 16:19.328
really a large , largely value of

16:19.328 --> 16:21.494
capabilities provided by space base AF

16:21.494 --> 16:23.717
assets . You know , the increasing ease

16:23.717 --> 16:26.400
of access to space and the fact despite

16:26.400 --> 16:28.344
the vastness of space . You know ,

16:28.344 --> 16:30.233
quite frankly , it becomes pretty

16:30.233 --> 16:32.289
congested when you look at where the

16:32.289 --> 16:34.511
spacefaring nations like they use those

16:34.511 --> 16:36.567
capabilities , such as the low earth

16:36.567 --> 16:38.733
orbit where , you know that provides a

16:38.733 --> 16:40.789
lot of capability , uh , to too many

16:40.789 --> 16:42.678
different aspects of not only the

16:42.678 --> 16:44.789
military but our economy . So it is .

16:44.789 --> 16:47.170
It is getting congested and in some

16:47.170 --> 16:50.480
cases , contested . So , um , so really ,

16:50.480 --> 16:52.313
we compete daily for that domain

16:52.313 --> 16:54.591
superiority , understanding the domain ,

16:54.591 --> 16:56.424
being able to understand what is

16:56.424 --> 16:58.480
happening . They're on a on a timely

16:58.480 --> 17:00.480
basis , you know , with the U . S .

17:00.480 --> 17:02.702
Space Command standing up . Oh , gosh .

17:02.702 --> 17:05.440
About 17 months ago or so . We now have

17:05.440 --> 17:07.551
a combatant command that's looking at

17:07.551 --> 17:10.320
the space domain all the time . And as

17:10.320 --> 17:12.810
we do that , it's very important . It's

17:12.810 --> 17:14.810
very important that we have . We've

17:14.810 --> 17:17.143
created the command in order to do that ,

17:17.143 --> 17:19.199
because we have to understand what's

17:19.199 --> 17:21.421
happening in this space domain , and we

17:21.421 --> 17:23.366
do that each and every day . So it

17:23.366 --> 17:25.699
sounds like space situational awareness ,

17:25.699 --> 17:28.080
eyes kind of job number one in terms of

17:28.090 --> 17:31.360
keeping on top of on top of what

17:31.370 --> 17:35.320
Russian Chinese air up to absolutely

17:35.330 --> 17:38.070
and you know , with with respect to

17:38.070 --> 17:39.903
that , it's so important that we

17:39.903 --> 17:42.160
understand what we're doing not only

17:42.160 --> 17:44.600
from a civil space but from a military

17:44.600 --> 17:47.260
space perspective , and that that is a

17:47.270 --> 17:49.490
that is a very large task , one that

17:49.490 --> 17:51.657
requires a lot of resources and assets

17:51.657 --> 17:53.823
to be able to do that . And , uh , and

17:53.823 --> 17:55.768
we do that each day with the great

17:55.768 --> 17:57.601
Guardians and Joint Service four

17:57.601 --> 17:59.768
fighters that we have in the command .

17:59.768 --> 18:01.768
What's a great segue into ? I think

18:01.768 --> 18:03.434
something that folks would be

18:03.434 --> 18:05.657
interested in a zwelling . Both you and

18:05.657 --> 18:07.601
the chief of space operations have

18:07.601 --> 18:09.434
emphasized our partnerships with

18:09.434 --> 18:11.390
industry . A significant space

18:11.390 --> 18:14.470
warfighting enablers . Are you at all

18:14.470 --> 18:16.637
concerned that we might be relying too

18:16.637 --> 18:18.600
much on war fighting capability

18:18.600 --> 18:22.170
provided by commercial enterprises ? Oh ,

18:22.180 --> 18:25.490
I am not . I think the commercial

18:25.500 --> 18:28.840
industry gives us great flexibility ,

18:28.850 --> 18:31.020
resiliency and , quite frankly ,

18:31.020 --> 18:33.780
redundancy and what they're doing . I

18:33.780 --> 18:36.002
mean , if you just look at the starling

18:36.002 --> 18:37.947
Constellation that we just saw , I

18:37.947 --> 18:40.950
think they're close . Thio , maybe 1000

18:41.140 --> 18:44.030
satellites on orbit and technology

18:44.030 --> 18:46.141
development that goes along with some

18:46.141 --> 18:48.086
of these great commercial entities

18:48.086 --> 18:51.230
absolutely help the military in terms

18:51.230 --> 18:53.400
of building our capabilities on . So

18:53.400 --> 18:55.567
I'm not I'm not concerned about that .

18:55.567 --> 18:57.678
We've seen that in other domains to ,

18:57.678 --> 19:00.300
uh , you you , David , as a as a pilot .

19:00.310 --> 19:02.477
Yeah , I think I know you've seen that

19:02.477 --> 19:04.643
in the aerospace industry and in terms

19:04.643 --> 19:08.020
of how the civilian , uh , industry can

19:08.020 --> 19:10.700
complement the military efforts as well .

19:10.700 --> 19:12.811
So I think it's a great partnership ,

19:12.811 --> 19:15.280
one that we have absolutely embraced .

19:15.280 --> 19:17.447
And , you know , we continue to add to

19:17.447 --> 19:19.558
our commercial integration , sell the

19:19.558 --> 19:21.780
partners that we have out in Vandenberg

19:21.780 --> 19:24.002
Air Force Base as we speak , and that's

19:24.002 --> 19:25.947
been very encouraging . And so our

19:25.947 --> 19:27.947
ability to be able to work you know

19:27.947 --> 19:29.891
very closely with those commercial

19:29.891 --> 19:32.002
companies is very important . What we

19:32.002 --> 19:34.058
do and actually is one of my part of

19:34.058 --> 19:36.280
one of my tasks in my narrative for the

19:36.280 --> 19:38.113
command . Yeah , it's actually ,

19:38.113 --> 19:40.224
general . It's a great analogy is you

19:40.224 --> 19:42.540
know , look where we are . Uh , in the

19:42.540 --> 19:45.710
air domain . I mean , uh , kind of air

19:45.710 --> 19:47.766
operations in the military have been

19:47.766 --> 19:50.460
part and parcel , uh , integrated with

19:50.460 --> 19:52.610
the civilian sector for many , many

19:52.620 --> 19:54.860
years . The same thing is happening

19:54.870 --> 19:57.800
with space . All one has to do is , you

19:57.800 --> 19:59.689
know , look at that . The space X

19:59.689 --> 20:01.980
launch this , uh , last Sunday that put

20:01.980 --> 20:04.890
up 143 or 140 plus ,

20:04.900 --> 20:08.140
uh , satellites . Pretty impressive .

20:08.140 --> 20:10.307
And I think that , like you say , I'll

20:10.307 --> 20:12.418
just get stronger . But it's not like

20:12.418 --> 20:15.450
the military is absolutely dependent .

20:15.460 --> 20:18.260
Their partner and eso you capitalize on

20:18.270 --> 20:21.650
them where you can , Um , now , in your

20:21.650 --> 20:23.840
opening remarks , you referenced the

20:23.840 --> 20:26.500
commands imperative of being well

20:26.510 --> 20:29.890
opposed to act decisively in the event

20:29.890 --> 20:32.190
that the deterrence fails . And

20:32.200 --> 20:34.550
obviously , any discussion of our

20:34.550 --> 20:36.772
offensive space war fighting capability

20:36.772 --> 20:39.320
is necessarily classified . But what

20:39.320 --> 20:42.780
else can you do ? Or are you able . Uh ,

20:42.790 --> 20:45.420
are you Are you out there acting

20:45.430 --> 20:48.270
decisively ? What ? What could do in

20:48.270 --> 20:50.492
that regard in response to aggression ?

20:50.492 --> 20:52.780
Adversary aggression in space ? Well ,

20:52.780 --> 20:55.002
I think maybe if I just go back a month

20:55.002 --> 20:58.200
when we watch the Russian , uh ,

20:58.210 --> 21:01.220
satellite test , you know that What ?

21:01.220 --> 21:04.070
What's different from 18 , 17 , 18

21:04.070 --> 21:06.060
months ago . Was we necessary ? We

21:06.060 --> 21:09.090
weren't necessarily , uh , discussing

21:09.100 --> 21:12.210
those types of activities , you know ,

21:12.210 --> 21:15.450
in the in the in the open forum on .

21:15.640 --> 21:18.540
And so one of the one of the skills or

21:18.540 --> 21:21.120
one of the competencies within this

21:21.120 --> 21:23.231
command right now is is our strategic

21:23.231 --> 21:25.970
messaging capability and our ability to

21:25.970 --> 21:28.160
hold folks accountable for their

21:28.160 --> 21:30.500
behaviors and space domain . And that's

21:30.500 --> 21:32.722
really come toe be . Over the last 17 ,

21:32.722 --> 21:35.130
18 months in terms I've we've got two

21:35.130 --> 21:37.241
or three examples of that that you're

21:37.241 --> 21:39.352
probably well aware of that have been

21:39.352 --> 21:41.519
in the media where we have , uh , come

21:41.519 --> 21:43.630
out and talked about the Russians and

21:43.630 --> 21:45.686
what they've done on orbit . We even

21:45.686 --> 21:47.630
talked a little bit about what the

21:47.630 --> 21:49.852
Iranians did on orbit here not too long

21:49.852 --> 21:49.730
ago . I think General Raymond at the

21:49.730 --> 21:52.490
time was quoted as a tumbling Web camp

21:52.500 --> 21:55.180
was what he put out . So what we're

21:55.180 --> 21:58.020
doing each and every day is is watching ,

21:58.030 --> 21:59.600
observing , interpreting ,

21:59.610 --> 22:01.666
understanding what they're doing and

22:01.666 --> 22:03.610
then holding folks accountable for

22:03.610 --> 22:06.060
their behaviors and in the space domain

22:06.060 --> 22:08.227
with the ultimate goal is that we have

22:08.227 --> 22:10.171
responsible behaviors in the space

22:10.171 --> 22:12.060
domain . I think I mentioned that

22:12.060 --> 22:14.227
earlier in my remarks . Azaz , we look

22:14.227 --> 22:16.560
to the future , Um s Oh , that's that's ,

22:16.560 --> 22:18.671
you know , if I was to pick one thing

22:18.671 --> 22:20.893
and highlighted it would be our ability

22:20.893 --> 22:23.116
to do that Now I think that leads right

22:23.116 --> 22:25.004
into our reinforces what you were

22:25.004 --> 22:25.000
talking about earlier about

22:25.000 --> 22:27.770
establishing norms in space and by

22:27.780 --> 22:31.190
making sure people are aware of what

22:31.200 --> 22:34.920
Chinese Russians , uh , Iranians are

22:34.920 --> 22:38.460
doing up there , uh helps to promote

22:38.460 --> 22:40.780
the fact that , you know , if we want

22:40.780 --> 22:43.790
peace and space and you gotta act , uh ,

22:43.800 --> 22:47.090
in that manner as well , um ,

22:47.100 --> 22:50.680
a little bit different topic during the

22:50.680 --> 22:52.830
organization . Stand up a space com .

22:52.830 --> 22:55.370
Like all unified combatant commanders ,

22:55.740 --> 22:59.490
you have service components . Um , that

22:59.490 --> 23:02.200
provide capabilities that you match to

23:02.200 --> 23:04.089
meet the needs of your particular

23:04.089 --> 23:07.310
circumstances . Every every service has

23:07.310 --> 23:09.760
one , except the Air Force . Right now .

23:09.770 --> 23:11.960
um , to your knowledge , will the Air

23:11.960 --> 23:14.990
Force independently of space force be

23:14.990 --> 23:17.780
providing a component Thio U S Space

23:17.780 --> 23:20.070
com in the not too distant future ?

23:21.140 --> 23:23.140
That's my hope . I think I think we

23:23.140 --> 23:25.029
will . We're working closely with

23:25.029 --> 23:27.000
General Brown and his folks on a

23:27.010 --> 23:29.066
component to the United States Space

23:29.066 --> 23:31.232
Command because there are some mission

23:31.232 --> 23:33.232
sets that I have within the command

23:33.232 --> 23:35.454
that that will require us to be able to

23:35.454 --> 23:38.250
leverage a Air Force component to the

23:38.250 --> 23:40.740
command . And we're excited that we

23:40.740 --> 23:42.470
have the other other services

23:42.470 --> 23:44.637
represented in here . I mean , I think

23:44.637 --> 23:46.859
our our latest was are more for space .

23:46.859 --> 23:50.410
Uh , Major , General Glavine is the

23:50.420 --> 23:53.070
commander for that s o now is you know ,

23:53.140 --> 23:55.029
it's exciting . As you stand up a

23:55.029 --> 23:57.330
command , you get mawr assets that

23:57.340 --> 23:59.229
become part of the command . That

23:59.229 --> 24:01.229
really provides you a lot of combat

24:01.229 --> 24:03.451
capability and expertise . And so we're

24:03.451 --> 24:05.618
looking forward to that . I can't give

24:05.618 --> 24:07.562
you a timing on when that decision

24:07.562 --> 24:09.562
might be made , but I think General

24:09.562 --> 24:11.618
Brown is , uh , considering it right

24:11.618 --> 24:13.729
now . Now it's your change of command

24:13.729 --> 24:17.340
ceremony , General . Um , you noted

24:17.340 --> 24:19.810
that your focus would be on developing ,

24:19.810 --> 24:22.830
nurturing and embracing a space

24:22.830 --> 24:25.540
warfighting culture in your mind . What

24:25.540 --> 24:28.050
are some of the key tenants ? Just what

24:28.050 --> 24:30.770
that we're fighting culture is and what

24:30.770 --> 24:32.826
have been some of your main lines of

24:32.826 --> 24:35.600
efforts in cultivating this mindset at

24:35.600 --> 24:38.160
space com . Well , I appreciate the

24:38.160 --> 24:42.010
fact that you you listen to my change

24:42.010 --> 24:44.930
of command speech . That's great . Uh ,

24:44.940 --> 24:47.240
but , uh , yeah , so you know ,

24:47.250 --> 24:50.100
developing and fostering and sustaining

24:50.100 --> 24:51.989
a war fighting culture within the

24:51.989 --> 24:53.989
command . I'll just step back for a

24:53.989 --> 24:56.156
minute . Talk about kind of what ? How

24:56.156 --> 24:55.980
the command is built , how it's

24:55.980 --> 24:58.530
comprised . And so we look like Thea

24:58.530 --> 25:00.641
other combatant commands from a joint

25:00.641 --> 25:02.808
perspective . But what What sticks out

25:02.808 --> 25:04.752
to me after I took command of this

25:04.752 --> 25:06.974
great organization is the fact that has

25:06.974 --> 25:08.863
to be expected . We've got a good

25:08.863 --> 25:11.050
foundation of space expertise , both

25:11.050 --> 25:13.470
from then the Air Force , now the space

25:13.470 --> 25:15.692
Force , then on . In addition to that ,

25:15.692 --> 25:17.692
we've got the Army Space Operations

25:17.692 --> 25:19.526
officers , which we call the FAA

25:19.526 --> 25:21.359
forties . And though that really

25:21.359 --> 25:23.192
comprises kind of that technical

25:23.192 --> 25:25.526
expertise that you need , and of course ,

25:25.526 --> 25:27.637
we can all understand how complex the

25:27.637 --> 25:29.960
space domain is . But with that we've

25:29.960 --> 25:33.180
got a great joint team from the from

25:33.180 --> 25:35.710
the Air Force , the Army Marines , uh ,

25:35.720 --> 25:38.970
now the guardians of the space Force on

25:38.970 --> 25:41.020
DWhite . That brings with the folks

25:41.020 --> 25:43.076
that comprise that of course she had

25:43.076 --> 25:45.450
tank . So we know he's a F 16 F 35

25:45.450 --> 25:47.780
pilot . I mentioned Master Guns , who's

25:47.780 --> 25:51.750
a Marine ? And then I've

25:51.760 --> 25:55.560
got a J five . Who's a submariner has

25:55.560 --> 25:57.940
been spent years underwater . Undersea

25:57.950 --> 26:00.117
and I could go on and on about all the

26:00.117 --> 26:02.200
different types of talent and expert

26:02.210 --> 26:04.154
expertise and , more importantly ,

26:04.154 --> 26:06.321
their operational experience that they

26:06.321 --> 26:08.488
bring to the command . And you put all

26:08.488 --> 26:10.432
that together . You blend all that

26:10.432 --> 26:12.599
together , and what we find is we find

26:12.599 --> 26:14.654
that as we stand up the command with

26:14.654 --> 26:16.821
new processes and procedures , we have

26:16.821 --> 26:18.877
folks that are relying upon years of

26:18.877 --> 26:20.932
experience in Afghanistan , Iraq and

26:20.932 --> 26:23.043
Syria on how we do land , sea and air

26:23.043 --> 26:25.266
operations . And those domains are able

26:25.266 --> 26:27.377
to bring that expertise from planning

26:27.377 --> 26:29.760
to etcetera , etcetera into the command .

26:29.770 --> 26:31.826
What that generates his combat power

26:31.826 --> 26:34.410
almost immediately . And so as we a Z I

26:34.410 --> 26:36.577
mentioned earlier , kind of on some of

26:36.577 --> 26:38.688
the things that we have done publicly

26:38.688 --> 26:40.910
with our messaging . A lot of that is a

26:40.910 --> 26:43.021
result of taking tried and true joint

26:43.021 --> 26:45.188
processes in those theaters of war for

26:45.188 --> 26:47.243
many , many years , bringing that in

26:47.243 --> 26:49.410
adding the space expertise to it . And

26:49.410 --> 26:51.632
we're able to move quickly with respect

26:51.632 --> 26:53.688
to that . So , you know , Job one is

26:53.688 --> 26:55.521
making sure that we maintain and

26:55.521 --> 26:57.743
continue to attract that type of talent

26:57.743 --> 27:00.280
so that we can continue on our path in

27:00.280 --> 27:02.660
terms of becoming a fully operational

27:02.670 --> 27:05.000
combatant command . And so , really ,

27:05.000 --> 27:07.167
you know , the tenants , if you will ,

27:07.167 --> 27:09.056
of that is how do you continue to

27:09.056 --> 27:11.056
breathe that level of warfighting ?

27:11.056 --> 27:12.889
Focus within the command and I'm

27:12.889 --> 27:15.056
confident we can do it , you know , as

27:15.056 --> 27:17.056
we . It's great when you have folks

27:17.056 --> 27:16.960
that come into a new command that have

27:16.960 --> 27:18.960
a different perspective and kind of

27:18.960 --> 27:21.590
question norms , uh , and aren't afraid .

27:21.590 --> 27:23.812
Thio . Part of my command philosophy is

27:23.812 --> 27:25.757
always be able to tell me what you

27:25.757 --> 27:27.757
think , honestly , And so I have no

27:27.757 --> 27:30.090
trouble with that in this command there .

27:30.090 --> 27:29.430
I've got a lot of folks that are

27:29.440 --> 27:31.551
willing to tell me honestly what they

27:31.551 --> 27:33.662
think . We take those and we make the

27:33.662 --> 27:35.773
adjustments accordingly . So as a new

27:35.773 --> 27:37.829
combatant command , the good news is

27:37.829 --> 27:39.662
that that we don't have . We are

27:39.662 --> 27:41.996
developing our processes and procedures ,

27:41.996 --> 27:43.996
and , uh and we've got a great team

27:43.996 --> 27:46.329
that helps me to do that . That's great .

27:46.329 --> 27:48.551
And I think the three examples that you

27:48.551 --> 27:51.650
gave of people who have been out there

27:51.650 --> 27:55.300
in the war fight in different domains ,

27:55.300 --> 27:57.590
bringing them all together well ,

27:57.590 --> 28:00.680
really support your goal and objective

28:01.040 --> 28:03.830
of introducing a combatant . Focus to

28:03.830 --> 28:05.941
the command . Now , one of the things

28:05.941 --> 28:08.163
that you said in your opening remarks ,

28:08.163 --> 28:10.274
I want to expand just a little bit on

28:10.274 --> 28:12.850
on . That's the key difference between

28:12.860 --> 28:15.270
the space command of today versus its

28:15.270 --> 28:17.590
previous generation is that you now

28:17.590 --> 28:19.701
have a defined area of responsibility

28:19.710 --> 28:21.930
and that not only are you just

28:21.930 --> 28:24.152
supporting , but you're also gonna be a

28:24.152 --> 28:26.380
supported combatant command that

28:26.380 --> 28:28.240
touches on every other combatant

28:28.240 --> 28:30.530
command on a daily basis . Could you

28:30.530 --> 28:32.810
talk just a little bit on how space com

28:32.810 --> 28:34.866
is working to coordinating integrate

28:34.866 --> 28:37.380
its efforts with the other CoCom ? Well ,

28:37.380 --> 28:39.269
absolutely . And that's that is a

28:39.269 --> 28:41.380
critical critical function that we're

28:41.380 --> 28:43.547
doing right now . So the space command

28:43.547 --> 28:45.491
of old I mentioned in my remarks A

28:45.491 --> 28:47.580
supporting command to the other

28:47.580 --> 28:50.780
combatant commands , uh , meaning that

28:50.790 --> 28:53.880
we provide the space mission areas or

28:53.880 --> 28:55.880
services that we have for years and

28:55.880 --> 28:58.158
years . Satellite communications , GPS ,

28:58.158 --> 29:00.430
for example . We continue to do that .

29:00.440 --> 29:02.440
And when Tank talk to you , I'm not

29:02.440 --> 29:04.870
sure if he kind of divided toe divided

29:04.870 --> 29:06.926
the command up . And who does what ,

29:06.926 --> 29:08.926
within the command underneath me in

29:08.926 --> 29:10.981
terms of our functional components .

29:10.981 --> 29:13.092
But that that capability resides with

29:13.092 --> 29:15.660
Deanna Bert out of Vandenberg . Um ,

29:16.440 --> 29:19.180
what's different is that we're looking

29:19.180 --> 29:21.236
at on orbit activities and doing our

29:21.236 --> 29:23.180
protect and defend mission that is

29:23.180 --> 29:26.520
carried out by the JTF space defense

29:26.520 --> 29:28.464
commanded by Brigadier General Tom

29:28.464 --> 29:31.440
James . And so , in that particular

29:31.450 --> 29:33.760
mission area A Z , you can imagine

29:33.760 --> 29:35.927
there'll be opportunities . There will

29:35.927 --> 29:38.640
be circumstances where we'll rely on

29:38.650 --> 29:40.594
other combatant commands that have

29:40.594 --> 29:42.594
capabilities or assets within their

29:42.594 --> 29:44.990
area of operation that we will need in

29:44.990 --> 29:47.212
order or depend upon in order to do our

29:47.212 --> 29:50.550
mission on orbit so kind of unique in a

29:50.550 --> 29:52.494
supporting supported role . That's

29:52.494 --> 29:54.550
essentially what's different between

29:54.550 --> 29:56.772
the old Space command and the new space

29:56.772 --> 29:58.828
command and our role in doing that .

29:58.828 --> 30:00.772
Those missions is dependent on our

30:00.772 --> 30:02.494
integration within each of the

30:02.494 --> 30:04.661
respective combatant commands . And we

30:04.661 --> 30:06.828
do that right now through the stand up

30:06.828 --> 30:09.050
of what we call the integrated planning

30:09.050 --> 30:11.161
elements . And these air elements led

30:11.161 --> 30:13.050
by in general No . Six of various

30:13.050 --> 30:15.217
branches in those respective combatant

30:15.217 --> 30:17.217
commands . And what they do is they

30:17.217 --> 30:19.050
provide that integration , space

30:19.050 --> 30:21.272
planning , integration and operations ,

30:21.272 --> 30:23.106
uh , in in both a supporting and

30:23.106 --> 30:25.106
supported role within each of those

30:25.106 --> 30:27.217
combatant commands . And so that's an

30:27.217 --> 30:26.880
important relationship . We continue to

30:26.880 --> 30:30.660
grow Onda mature . We don't

30:30.660 --> 30:32.827
have , you know , we're in the process

30:32.827 --> 30:34.938
of making sure each of the other each

30:34.938 --> 30:36.938
of the 10 Commandment commands have

30:36.938 --> 30:38.993
that perspective element , but we've

30:38.993 --> 30:41.216
got about seven of those right now that

30:41.216 --> 30:43.920
air stood up and functioning very good ,

30:43.920 --> 30:46.800
a bit of a follow up . The space No man

30:46.800 --> 30:49.760
consists of not just assets on orbit

30:49.770 --> 30:51.659
but also terrestrial ground , say

30:51.659 --> 30:54.250
stations and links between them . On

30:54.250 --> 30:56.306
that point , when Chuck beams was on

30:56.306 --> 30:58.200
this forum , he highlighted how

30:58.210 --> 31:00.580
cyberattacks pose one of the greatest

31:00.580 --> 31:03.170
threats toe orbiting satellites . Could

31:03.170 --> 31:05.170
you elaborate a bit on your efforts

31:05.170 --> 31:07.226
with cyber command to defend against

31:07.226 --> 31:10.300
these kinds of attacks , but yeah . So

31:10.310 --> 31:12.421
my relationship with Paul knocks Sony

31:12.421 --> 31:14.190
Cyber com Commander is is very

31:14.190 --> 31:16.350
important and very good , uh , have

31:16.350 --> 31:18.572
known Paul for many years . But what we

31:18.572 --> 31:20.739
each do in our respective domains , if

31:20.739 --> 31:23.790
you will are connected , very connected .

31:23.800 --> 31:27.360
And our ability thio Thio , protect

31:27.540 --> 31:30.480
our capabilities both on orbit and on

31:30.490 --> 31:32.930
land on the terrestrial mode is role is

31:32.930 --> 31:35.540
very important . And and likewise as we

31:35.540 --> 31:37.810
have elements , integrated planning

31:37.810 --> 31:39.643
elements and the other combatant

31:39.643 --> 31:41.754
commands to include cyber com They in

31:41.754 --> 31:43.880
turn , uh , cyber com have integrated

31:43.880 --> 31:46.047
planning elements that are embedded in

31:46.047 --> 31:48.180
my organization as well . So as we as

31:48.180 --> 31:50.510
we mature , you know , cybersecurity ,

31:50.510 --> 31:53.330
digital superiority is very important .

31:53.330 --> 31:55.386
What we do , uh , each and every day

31:55.386 --> 31:57.386
both both as you said on the ground

31:57.386 --> 31:59.497
terrestrial as well as in the space .

31:59.497 --> 32:01.719
So we we have a good relationship . Now

32:01.719 --> 32:03.941
we continue to grow that relationship ,

32:03.941 --> 32:06.108
and we continue to grow capability and

32:06.108 --> 32:08.170
capacity in that regard . Uh ,

32:08.180 --> 32:10.530
excellent . Now , space domain

32:10.530 --> 32:12.920
awareness , as we alluded to just a

32:12.920 --> 32:15.080
minute ago , is an area of increasing

32:15.080 --> 32:17.580
focus , and the space comes currently

32:17.580 --> 32:19.247
responsible for space traffic

32:19.247 --> 32:21.140
management . But some of those

32:21.140 --> 32:23.251
responsibilities or in the process of

32:23.251 --> 32:25.140
being transferred to the Commerce

32:25.140 --> 32:27.251
Department . Uh , could you tell us a

32:27.251 --> 32:29.418
bit about what the impetus behind this

32:29.418 --> 32:31.584
decision was ? And how do you envision

32:31.584 --> 32:33.418
space Com's partnership with the

32:33.418 --> 32:35.473
Commerce Department moving forward ?

32:35.473 --> 32:37.640
Well , a relationship I could tell you

32:37.640 --> 32:39.807
right now is very close . We've worked

32:39.807 --> 32:41.751
over the last couple of years very

32:41.751 --> 32:44.084
closely with the Department of Commerce .

32:44.084 --> 32:46.251
Um , we even have a few folks that air

32:46.251 --> 32:48.251
out at Vandenberg right now working

32:48.251 --> 32:50.418
with Deanna Bert . So the relationship

32:50.418 --> 32:52.307
is good . I think the way I would

32:52.307 --> 32:55.190
categorize that or talk about that is ,

32:55.420 --> 32:57.642
as I mentioned earlier , you know , the

32:57.642 --> 32:59.753
are orbital regimes are becoming much

32:59.753 --> 33:02.690
more congested on DNA . Not all , of

33:02.690 --> 33:04.912
course , not all of its military . Most

33:04.912 --> 33:06.690
of it is either space debris or

33:06.690 --> 33:08.912
commercial activity . And as we look to

33:08.912 --> 33:11.134
the future , that's on Lee going to get

33:11.134 --> 33:13.300
more . And so a very similar analogy

33:13.300 --> 33:16.670
might be , uh , the air domain on DSO

33:16.840 --> 33:19.062
right now , you know , we're the ones .

33:19.062 --> 33:21.062
The military U S Space Command were

33:21.062 --> 33:23.284
responsible for kind of the tracking of

33:23.284 --> 33:25.451
all those objects and the ability Thio

33:25.451 --> 33:27.618
deconflict the ability to report those

33:27.618 --> 33:29.451
types of activities . Those will

33:29.451 --> 33:31.340
continue in the future , although

33:31.340 --> 33:33.910
expanding exponentially , if you will .

33:33.920 --> 33:36.130
And so the decision has to be made .

33:36.130 --> 33:38.297
And I think it has already been made .

33:38.297 --> 33:40.186
Is that really a military type of

33:40.186 --> 33:42.470
function , or is that more of a , uh ,

33:42.540 --> 33:44.651
you know , inherently governmental in

33:44.651 --> 33:47.180
terms of non military . So if you look

33:47.180 --> 33:49.291
at the air domain , for example , and

33:49.291 --> 33:51.069
you look at the F A A , they're

33:51.069 --> 33:53.290
responsible for air traffic control .

33:53.300 --> 33:56.510
However , the military still has a

33:56.510 --> 33:58.454
piece in that in terms of your air

33:58.454 --> 34:00.680
battle management responsibilities is

34:00.680 --> 34:02.847
very similar , I think , in this space

34:02.847 --> 34:04.791
domain . So we have a space domain

34:04.791 --> 34:07.013
awareness function we U S Space Command

34:07.013 --> 34:08.736
and that that entails not only

34:08.736 --> 34:10.902
understanding , uh , the environment ,

34:10.902 --> 34:12.847
but , you know , looking at from a

34:12.847 --> 34:15.350
military perspective , whereas if the

34:15.350 --> 34:17.461
department commerce , when they stand

34:17.461 --> 34:19.794
up and take over those responsibilities ,

34:19.794 --> 34:21.794
will perform those responsibilities

34:21.794 --> 34:23.794
very similarly to what the FAA does

34:23.794 --> 34:25.906
today , which is to make sure that we

34:25.906 --> 34:28.170
have a safe on responsible environment

34:28.170 --> 34:31.050
where commerce can take place .

34:31.060 --> 34:33.240
Companies , private companies and

34:33.240 --> 34:35.750
countries can operate , uh , their

34:35.750 --> 34:38.170
satellites constellations in a safe and

34:38.170 --> 34:40.490
professional manner . But it's It's one

34:40.490 --> 34:42.360
of those areas that's just

34:42.370 --> 34:45.160
exponentially growing on . It gets to

34:45.160 --> 34:46.938
the point where you know it's a

34:46.938 --> 34:49.970
resource type of activity and when it

34:49.970 --> 34:51.637
should , and I feel it should

34:51.637 --> 34:53.414
eventually transfer over to the

34:53.414 --> 34:55.637
Department of Commerce , where it could

34:55.637 --> 34:57.637
be better managed . And then we U S

34:57.637 --> 34:59.637
Space Command can be focused on the

34:59.637 --> 35:01.803
matters at hand that I've been charged

35:01.803 --> 35:03.859
to do . Well , that's great . That's

35:03.859 --> 35:06.081
great analogy , by the way , with f A .

35:06.081 --> 35:05.930
I think it helps our audience

35:05.930 --> 35:08.600
understand , Uh , just kind of the

35:08.610 --> 35:11.250
relationship that you're embarking upon

35:11.740 --> 35:13.796
now . Another one of the things that

35:13.796 --> 35:15.907
you mentioned in your opening remarks

35:15.907 --> 35:19.550
was , uh , us , uh , space force .

35:19.560 --> 35:23.490
Uh , joining the Intel community is

35:23.490 --> 35:26.400
its 18th member . Or forgive me , that

35:26.400 --> 35:28.750
might have been General Raymond . But

35:29.030 --> 35:31.430
the fact of the matter is that they

35:31.440 --> 35:33.510
recently stood up a commercial space

35:33.510 --> 35:35.566
council to explore how to better use

35:35.566 --> 35:37.860
data from commercial space with its own

35:37.860 --> 35:40.340
systems and help get intel out to end

35:40.340 --> 35:42.760
users . Does space com have a role in

35:42.760 --> 35:45.890
this new body and , more broadly , how

35:45.890 --> 35:47.668
you leveraging commercial space

35:47.668 --> 35:49.723
capabilities through your commercial

35:49.723 --> 35:52.920
integration cell ? Well , certainly so

35:52.930 --> 35:56.630
Yes . I mean , that that was a big It

35:56.630 --> 35:59.350
was a big milestone to have that until

35:59.350 --> 36:01.406
organization stood up . I think that

36:01.406 --> 36:03.406
you mentioned that Jay talked about

36:03.406 --> 36:06.130
that . That is a huge for us , as a ,

36:06.140 --> 36:08.084
quite frankly , a consumer of that

36:08.084 --> 36:10.307
intelligence . And those those products

36:10.307 --> 36:12.418
so works . We're excited about that .

36:12.418 --> 36:14.473
We , as I mentioned we leveraged our

36:14.473 --> 36:16.807
commercial integration sell out of band ,

36:16.807 --> 36:18.862
were quite often . I mean , when you

36:18.862 --> 36:20.751
look at everything from satellite

36:20.751 --> 36:22.584
communications to other types of

36:22.584 --> 36:24.807
functions , it's important that we have

36:24.807 --> 36:26.918
that relationship . And as we look to

36:26.918 --> 36:26.280
the future in terms of building

36:26.280 --> 36:29.130
resiliency or redundancy , those types

36:29.130 --> 36:32.550
of capabilities will certainly looked

36:32.550 --> 36:34.606
at the to the commercial entities to

36:34.606 --> 36:37.320
help us with that . Excellent Now .

36:37.320 --> 36:40.560
Last August , um , space com put out a

36:40.560 --> 36:43.630
year in review video , um , one of the

36:43.630 --> 36:45.797
things that featured prominently . And

36:45.797 --> 36:47.408
it was a multinational space

36:47.408 --> 36:49.780
collaboration through efforts such as

36:49.790 --> 36:53.280
Operation Olympic Defender signing , a

36:53.280 --> 36:55.280
space situational awareness sharing

36:55.280 --> 36:57.058
agreements , the Combined Space

36:57.058 --> 36:59.002
Operations Center and so on and so

36:59.002 --> 37:01.224
forth . Um , what's the significance of

37:01.224 --> 37:03.780
fostering greater cooperation with

37:03.780 --> 37:06.200
America's partners and allies in space

37:06.200 --> 37:08.640
and looking to the future ? How space

37:08.640 --> 37:10.740
come looking Thio build on these

37:10.740 --> 37:13.440
efforts . Well , that's a great

37:13.440 --> 37:16.020
question on again that that is part of

37:16.020 --> 37:19.270
my key tasks in my my new narrative

37:19.270 --> 37:22.390
envision and has always been , you know ,

37:22.400 --> 37:25.020
very important way Aren't just starting

37:25.020 --> 37:26.964
out with , you know , establishing

37:26.964 --> 37:28.964
relationships with our partners and

37:28.964 --> 37:31.131
allies in in space that has been going

37:31.131 --> 37:33.890
on for years . And so we're continuing

37:33.890 --> 37:35.668
to work with the allies that we

37:35.668 --> 37:37.834
currently have and building a stronger

37:37.834 --> 37:40.410
relationship way have numerous forums

37:40.410 --> 37:42.750
where we interact with them . What

37:42.750 --> 37:44.917
comes to mind . We had the sea spoke a

37:44.917 --> 37:47.139
couple weeks ago . We had Schriever war

37:47.139 --> 37:49.194
games not too long ago where we have

37:49.194 --> 37:51.670
very productive dialogue with our

37:51.670 --> 37:54.610
partners on very similar things that we

37:54.610 --> 37:56.777
just talked about in terms of norms of

37:56.777 --> 37:58.888
behavior and capability development .

37:58.888 --> 38:00.999
We'll continue to foster those . I'll

38:00.999 --> 38:03.110
tell you what we're doing here in our

38:03.110 --> 38:02.770
headquarters right now in my

38:02.770 --> 38:04.937
headquarters at U S . Space Command is

38:04.937 --> 38:07.048
we're fostering the same thing . So a

38:07.048 --> 38:09.214
lot of those ah lot of our partners in

38:09.214 --> 38:11.103
the past and currently are out in

38:11.103 --> 38:13.103
Vandenberg . But we're looking very

38:13.103 --> 38:14.992
closely at expanding that into my

38:14.992 --> 38:14.900
headquarters here because it is so

38:14.900 --> 38:18.630
important that we dio with our partners

38:18.630 --> 38:20.980
and allies . And again , if I if I draw

38:20.980 --> 38:23.091
an analogy to other domains that I've

38:23.091 --> 38:25.202
had experience in , it's it's similar

38:25.202 --> 38:28.190
to that . It's the It's the synergy of

38:28.190 --> 38:30.190
our partners and allies that really

38:30.190 --> 38:32.412
give us the combat advantage on . We've

38:32.412 --> 38:34.412
seen that in multiple conflicts and

38:34.412 --> 38:36.634
wars . So if it weren't for for those ,

38:36.634 --> 38:38.190
uh , those partnerships and

38:38.190 --> 38:39.912
relationships , we would be as

38:39.912 --> 38:42.190
successful as we have been in the past .

38:42.190 --> 38:44.357
And we looked at that for the same way

38:44.357 --> 38:46.412
in this space domain . But now space

38:46.412 --> 38:48.357
com is featured prominently in the

38:48.357 --> 38:51.420
early A B . M s onramp demonstrations

38:51.430 --> 38:53.820
in support of the Jets . C two concept .

38:53.830 --> 38:55.886
What are some of your takeaways from

38:55.886 --> 38:57.941
those demonstrations , General ? And

38:57.941 --> 39:00.300
both in terms of what works well in and

39:00.310 --> 39:02.990
also what could be improved in the

39:02.990 --> 39:05.130
future . Yeah , So I would tell you

39:05.130 --> 39:08.590
that I'm really you know , at my core

39:08.590 --> 39:10.720
is a joint combatant Commander . I'm

39:10.720 --> 39:14.000
really kind of platform agnostic , so ,

39:14.010 --> 39:16.288
you know , I do have from time to time ,

39:16.288 --> 39:18.399
you know , people ask me very pointed

39:18.399 --> 39:20.454
questions . Do you like the specific

39:20.454 --> 39:22.677
type of asset to do that function . And

39:22.677 --> 39:25.650
so , you know , I I am a absolutely

39:25.650 --> 39:28.220
support the Jazz C two concept to join

39:28.220 --> 39:30.442
all the main command and control how we

39:30.442 --> 39:32.609
get there . I'm kind of agnostic , but

39:32.609 --> 39:34.664
I will tell you that it's absolutely

39:34.664 --> 39:36.664
important that we are able to share

39:36.664 --> 39:39.140
data , share situational awareness ,

39:39.520 --> 39:42.570
share information amongst all the

39:42.570 --> 39:44.903
different types of capabilities we have .

39:44.903 --> 39:47.280
What there's a sensor , a C two element .

39:47.290 --> 39:49.401
Uh , it's important that we refused ,

39:49.401 --> 39:51.012
and we're able to share that

39:51.012 --> 39:53.270
authoritative type of data back and

39:53.270 --> 39:55.300
forth . And as I described , for

39:55.300 --> 39:57.356
example , the space domain awareness

39:57.356 --> 39:59.578
and you know , the numbers of objects ,

39:59.578 --> 40:01.744
the thousands and thousands of objects

40:01.744 --> 40:04.240
that we have on orbit as we speak , we

40:04.240 --> 40:06.420
have to be able to understand you know

40:06.420 --> 40:08.890
what the what that means to us from not

40:08.890 --> 40:11.280
only a war fighting perspective but

40:11.290 --> 40:13.610
also from a civil perspective and and

40:13.610 --> 40:15.721
the dangers that that could provide ,

40:15.721 --> 40:18.050
if if not properly tracked , recorded

40:18.050 --> 40:21.150
and reported . And so I'm in favor . I

40:21.150 --> 40:23.483
think the Jazz C two is a great concept .

40:23.483 --> 40:25.594
We need to get there as quickly as we

40:25.594 --> 40:27.817
can . I personally think that it's it's

40:27.817 --> 40:29.872
not that far in the future , but for

40:29.872 --> 40:31.928
what I do each and every day in this

40:31.928 --> 40:34.094
space warfighting domain I have got to

40:34.094 --> 40:35.872
be ableto have that data that's

40:35.872 --> 40:38.094
available to me . And not only have the

40:38.094 --> 40:40.261
data have the tools , whether it's a I

40:40.261 --> 40:42.261
or machine learning , that actually

40:42.261 --> 40:44.483
helps me understand what's important to

40:44.483 --> 40:47.580
me . Uh , you bet . And obviously

40:47.590 --> 40:49.534
protection those critical links in

40:49.534 --> 40:51.757
space is something that's just gonna be

40:51.757 --> 40:54.030
fundamental to the whole Jad CTO

40:54.040 --> 40:56.250
concept . As we as we move forward ,

40:56.710 --> 40:58.599
one of the other things that's of

40:58.599 --> 41:01.140
interest . I know , uh , to folks in

41:01.140 --> 41:03.690
the community or uninterested in what's

41:03.690 --> 41:07.180
going on in in space . Uh , is that

41:07.180 --> 41:09.750
keeping us , uh , force posture ,

41:09.750 --> 41:12.910
mobile and flexible is crucial to

41:12.910 --> 41:15.070
keeping one step ahead of adversary

41:15.080 --> 41:17.024
planning something that we've seen

41:17.024 --> 41:20.270
other services exercise in various ways

41:20.270 --> 41:23.260
or all the services . Um , how can the

41:23.260 --> 41:25.316
United States bring that operational

41:25.316 --> 41:28.570
unlit ian space while at the same

41:28.570 --> 41:32.130
time ensuring space or safe

41:32.140 --> 41:33.940
space traffic awareness ?

41:35.410 --> 41:38.460
So I think to your first part day was

41:38.470 --> 41:40.748
How do we get that data to the shooter ?

41:40.748 --> 41:43.420
The quickest ? Yeah . So I think

41:43.430 --> 41:45.486
actually , I think there's There's a

41:45.486 --> 41:47.652
lot of innovation of work that's being

41:47.652 --> 41:50.480
done on that I know from my my service ,

41:50.480 --> 41:52.370
the Army I know we've spent in my

41:52.370 --> 41:56.120
former job . It s M D . C that there's

41:56.120 --> 41:58.287
been There's a Z speak . A lot of work

41:58.287 --> 42:01.260
going on with that type of capability

42:01.260 --> 42:04.720
is how fast can you get , uh , sensor

42:04.720 --> 42:06.887
to shooter data passed up and down the

42:06.887 --> 42:08.998
chain ? And of course , that's pretty

42:08.998 --> 42:10.776
daunting . When you look at the

42:10.776 --> 42:12.998
thousands and thousands of miles in the

42:12.998 --> 42:15.053
different domains , that information

42:15.053 --> 42:17.164
has to trans transit through in order

42:17.164 --> 42:19.164
to give that capability . Thio , in

42:19.164 --> 42:21.276
this example a warfighter on the land

42:21.276 --> 42:23.387
domain . So I think we're making good

42:23.387 --> 42:25.720
strides in that . Are we there yet ? No ,

42:25.720 --> 42:27.831
but I think I'm encouraged by how how

42:27.831 --> 42:29.831
we're looking at that and how we're

42:29.831 --> 42:31.498
moving out in that regard . I

42:31.498 --> 42:33.276
appreciate the other part of my

42:33.276 --> 42:35.053
question was the whole issue of

42:35.053 --> 42:37.276
unpredictability . Uh , you know , that

42:37.276 --> 42:39.780
allows any warfighter to keep ahead of

42:39.780 --> 42:41.910
an adversary . But how do you achieve

42:41.920 --> 42:44.790
unpredictability in space ? Uh , well ,

42:44.790 --> 42:47.630
at the same time , we've gotta make

42:47.630 --> 42:51.300
sure that everyone is aware of what's

42:51.300 --> 42:53.411
going on with the different platforms

42:53.411 --> 42:55.633
and deconflicting them or space traffic

42:55.633 --> 42:58.540
awareness . That's a great question .

42:58.550 --> 43:02.430
So my I'll attempt to satisfy

43:02.430 --> 43:04.597
your satisfy you with my answer . That

43:04.597 --> 43:06.597
would be , uh , I think that's very

43:06.597 --> 43:09.880
similar in other domains . So when I

43:09.880 --> 43:12.102
talked about space domain awareness and

43:12.102 --> 43:13.769
we talked about space traffic

43:13.769 --> 43:15.936
management , space domain awareness is

43:15.936 --> 43:18.158
that ability . What you just said is to

43:18.158 --> 43:20.324
understand what's going on , make sure

43:20.324 --> 43:22.491
the people that need to know that no ,

43:22.491 --> 43:21.850
that and make sure the people that

43:21.850 --> 43:24.183
don't need to know that don't know that .

43:24.200 --> 43:27.020
I think that's the art of space domain

43:27.020 --> 43:29.740
awareness and how we take that concept

43:29.750 --> 43:32.240
to empower whether we're doing on orbit ,

43:32.250 --> 43:34.470
protect and defend missions or whether

43:34.470 --> 43:37.260
we're facility a a soldier , marine on

43:37.260 --> 43:39.520
the ground , a sailor at sea or an

43:39.520 --> 43:41.920
airman in the air . Yeah , I know .

43:41.920 --> 43:43.864
That's great . I think your , uh ,

43:43.864 --> 43:47.220
throughout this discussion you've used

43:47.230 --> 43:50.040
analogies in a really excellent fashion ,

43:50.040 --> 43:53.790
and it helps folks who are not in the

43:53.800 --> 43:57.340
space business grasp what it is that

43:57.350 --> 44:00.490
that you're trying to do one last

44:00.490 --> 44:03.600
question for you before we move on thio

44:03.990 --> 44:07.710
our audience questions , and that's do

44:07.710 --> 44:09.810
you anticipate any changes to the

44:09.810 --> 44:12.210
command structures or functions . Uh ,

44:12.220 --> 44:14.350
following last week's change in

44:14.350 --> 44:18.260
presidential administrations , I would

44:18.260 --> 44:21.360
tell you that I don't think so . I mean ,

44:21.360 --> 44:23.582
I could speak for U S Space Command . I

44:23.582 --> 44:26.460
would say that I think it's ah . If you

44:26.460 --> 44:29.020
look back over the last 17 18 months

44:29.020 --> 44:31.130
since we've been established or re

44:31.130 --> 44:34.040
established , I should say on DWhite ,

44:34.040 --> 44:36.430
we've accomplished in terms of holding ,

44:36.890 --> 44:39.112
holding our competitors accountable for

44:39.112 --> 44:41.334
their activities in this space domain .

44:41.334 --> 44:43.600
I think that's clear . I think that

44:43.600 --> 44:45.730
becomes more clear . Thio our

44:45.730 --> 44:47.897
leadership . How the importance of U .

44:47.897 --> 44:50.008
S . Space Command . You know , one of

44:50.008 --> 44:52.590
my mentors and former bosses , General

44:52.590 --> 44:54.701
Heightened , would always say when he

44:54.701 --> 44:56.868
was us Stratcom commander that when he

44:56.868 --> 44:58.868
was us Stratcom Commander Space was

44:58.868 --> 45:01.201
about number three on his priority list .

45:01.201 --> 45:03.201
Every day he came into work and for

45:03.201 --> 45:05.630
very logical and good reason , I'll

45:05.630 --> 45:07.686
tell you , is my number one priority

45:07.686 --> 45:09.852
every day , all day at night , whether

45:09.852 --> 45:11.963
it's snowing here in Colorado like it

45:11.963 --> 45:14.130
is today or wherever is the number one

45:14.130 --> 45:16.297
most priority for this command . And I

45:16.297 --> 45:18.580
think we're seeing the benefit of this

45:18.580 --> 45:20.740
command all . Albeit we're not

45:20.750 --> 45:23.190
completely stood up yet I would just

45:23.190 --> 45:25.450
say in the early stages , and I

45:25.450 --> 45:27.450
consider that about 17 or 18 months

45:27.450 --> 45:29.283
like I've talked about , we have

45:29.283 --> 45:31.061
already demonstrated our combat

45:31.061 --> 45:33.300
capability and our value to the

45:33.300 --> 45:35.300
Department of Defense in the United

45:35.300 --> 45:37.740
States . What a great way . Toe toe .

45:37.740 --> 45:40.010
End up this sequence of discussions .

45:40.010 --> 45:43.530
And it's exactly why we needed to have

45:43.530 --> 45:45.697
stood up a combatant command for space

45:45.697 --> 45:47.697
because it is on your mind each and

45:47.697 --> 45:50.430
every chance . Uh , priority number one

45:50.890 --> 45:53.001
eso John Dickinson . Thanks very much

45:53.001 --> 45:54.834
for your insightful comments and

45:54.834 --> 45:56.890
sharing your valuable perspectives .

45:56.890 --> 45:58.834
Does he tackle his brave new space

45:58.834 --> 46:02.070
command venture now is a alert to our

46:02.070 --> 46:04.014
listeners . Our next event is next

46:04.014 --> 46:06.400
Thursday , February 4th , when I'll be

46:06.400 --> 46:08.567
having a discussion with the commander

46:08.567 --> 46:10.567
of Air Force Research Lab Brigadier

46:10.567 --> 46:12.622
General Heather Pringle . So we hope

46:12.622 --> 46:15.250
you can all join us for that . All

46:15.250 --> 46:17.083
right , we're now gonna open the

46:17.083 --> 46:18.917
session . The questions from the

46:18.917 --> 46:18.620
audience , the folks who've been

46:18.620 --> 46:21.730
listening and , uh , those of you who

46:21.730 --> 46:23.840
have are interested in asking a

46:23.840 --> 46:25.896
question . Please use the raise hand

46:25.896 --> 46:27.951
function when I call on you . Please

46:27.951 --> 46:30.007
state your name and the organization

46:30.007 --> 46:33.300
that you are with . So let's start with

46:33.780 --> 46:37.340
Theresa Hits . Hi , this is Theresa

46:37.340 --> 46:39.507
Hitchens from Breaking Defense . Thank

46:39.507 --> 46:41.620
you for doing this . I wanted to ask

46:41.620 --> 46:44.380
you about the allies and the potential

46:44.380 --> 46:48.250
for the representation . Have mentioned

46:48.250 --> 46:50.560
that actually back in November because

46:50.560 --> 46:52.770
I wrote about it . Andi , I just

46:52.770 --> 46:55.760
wondered if you had a time frame for

46:55.760 --> 46:58.380
that happening , and that's a

46:58.390 --> 47:01.040
clarifying question and related to that .

47:01.050 --> 47:03.210
I also wondered how you are working

47:03.210 --> 47:05.432
with allies or how you are working with

47:05.432 --> 47:07.377
your counterparts of d o . D . And

47:07.377 --> 47:10.360
elsewhere to actually develop norms of

47:10.370 --> 47:12.537
behavior . Because up to now , the U .

47:12.537 --> 47:14.890
S military has really not articulated

47:14.900 --> 47:17.900
or what it considers good behavior or

47:17.900 --> 47:20.340
bad behavior . Negative behavior . What

47:20.340 --> 47:24.270
it considers the right norms to be for

47:24.280 --> 47:26.980
military activities in space . And so I

47:26.980 --> 47:29.470
wanted toe ask how you're stepping that

47:29.470 --> 47:31.790
up or how you're working to define

47:31.790 --> 47:34.330
those things . Thank you . Well , thank

47:34.330 --> 47:37.190
you for the question . And , uh So , uh ,

47:37.200 --> 47:39.367
how are we working with our allies and

47:39.367 --> 47:41.478
partners ? I think what you asked was

47:41.478 --> 47:43.533
the timeline . So , uh , I will tell

47:43.533 --> 47:45.840
you were working with them right now on

47:45.840 --> 47:48.560
bond . Uh , we are . We are in

47:48.560 --> 47:50.890
discussions with them a zoo recently ,

47:50.890 --> 47:53.001
as a couple weeks ago in terms of how

47:53.001 --> 47:55.057
we can increase that presence . Uh ,

47:55.057 --> 47:57.390
here in U S Space Command , a zwelling

47:57.390 --> 47:59.279
throughout the command . So we're

47:59.279 --> 48:01.390
working aggressively on that in terms

48:01.390 --> 48:03.612
of working with each of the each of our

48:03.612 --> 48:05.834
allies and partners in terms of if they

48:05.834 --> 48:07.890
were , be interested in , uh , being

48:07.890 --> 48:10.112
here in , uh , cover of springs where I

48:10.112 --> 48:12.168
am today in terms of working hand in

48:12.168 --> 48:14.334
hand with some of our primary staff on

48:14.334 --> 48:16.334
our plans and operations . So we're

48:16.334 --> 48:18.334
working , working that right now at

48:18.334 --> 48:18.230
this level . And as I mentioned earlier ,

48:18.230 --> 48:20.286
you know , we're very mature in that

48:20.286 --> 48:22.063
regard out at Vandenberg at the

48:22.063 --> 48:24.230
combined force based Component Command

48:24.230 --> 48:26.230
where a general bird works right or

48:26.230 --> 48:28.452
commands right now . And so we've got a

48:28.452 --> 48:30.950
good we've got , you know , a lot of

48:30.950 --> 48:33.117
participation with an integration with

48:33.117 --> 48:35.339
our allies and partners out there . But

48:35.339 --> 48:37.506
my goal is to increase that as quickly

48:37.506 --> 48:39.617
as I can hear it . The headquarters ,

48:39.617 --> 48:41.672
you'll find him . I'm somewhat of an

48:41.672 --> 48:41.670
impatient person . I like to move out

48:41.680 --> 48:43.791
because in these particular areas and

48:43.791 --> 48:46.340
and The good news is there's nothing

48:46.340 --> 48:49.660
but great dialogue and acceptance of

48:49.660 --> 48:51.993
that . When I do have those discussions ,

48:52.470 --> 48:54.692
as far as the norms and behaviors , you

48:54.692 --> 48:57.026
know , that's a that's a great question .

48:57.026 --> 48:59.248
That's a complicated question , because

48:59.248 --> 49:01.359
that doesn't just necessarily involve

49:01.359 --> 49:03.470
the Department of Defense with how we

49:03.470 --> 49:05.637
categorize that . Of course , Ah , lot

49:05.637 --> 49:07.803
of that will have to do with the whole

49:07.803 --> 49:07.680
government and how they perceive that

49:07.690 --> 49:10.900
as we have seen in other domains , as a

49:10.900 --> 49:13.122
Dave pointed out , You know , I'm quick

49:13.122 --> 49:15.289
to draw an analogy to another domain ,

49:15.289 --> 49:17.233
and I do that on purpose because I

49:17.233 --> 49:19.344
think that makes it easier for people

49:19.344 --> 49:21.456
to understand or relate to what we're

49:21.456 --> 49:23.678
trying to do . So you know , I've got a

49:23.678 --> 49:25.789
great submariner that works for me as

49:25.789 --> 49:27.956
my J five , and he's often he often we

49:27.956 --> 49:30.067
often have discussions where we apply

49:30.067 --> 49:32.470
the maritime model to what we're trying

49:32.470 --> 49:34.637
to do in space in terms of so how long

49:34.637 --> 49:36.748
did it take for us to establish those

49:36.748 --> 49:38.914
types of things you described in terms

49:38.914 --> 49:41.081
of norms of behavior in space ? Well ,

49:41.081 --> 49:43.137
how long did it take us to establish

49:43.137 --> 49:45.248
norms of behavior or standards within

49:45.248 --> 49:47.303
the maritime domain . Thea answer to

49:47.303 --> 49:49.359
that is it takes time . Um and it is

49:49.359 --> 49:51.470
the whole government approach eso now

49:51.470 --> 49:53.748
we're obviously just one piece of that .

49:53.748 --> 49:55.526
But when you talk about norms ,

49:55.526 --> 49:57.526
behavior , responsible behavior and

49:57.526 --> 49:59.692
things like that , you can simply turn

49:59.692 --> 50:01.930
to some of the messaging . That that I

50:01.930 --> 50:04.060
did is recently is a month or so ago

50:04.060 --> 50:06.580
when the Russians demonstrated that

50:06.590 --> 50:08.760
capability or try to test that

50:08.760 --> 50:11.990
capability . And , uh , eso that's

50:12.000 --> 50:14.930
through that particular , um , avenue

50:14.940 --> 50:17.400
You can kind of deduce or see what we

50:17.410 --> 50:19.990
consider norms of behavior , but it's

50:19.990 --> 50:21.934
gonna take some while it'll take a

50:21.934 --> 50:23.990
while . And it will be , um , or the

50:23.990 --> 50:26.046
whole of government approach . Thank

50:26.046 --> 50:28.360
you . Alright . Next , let's turn to

50:28.360 --> 50:29.380
Tom . Go office .

50:37.460 --> 50:41.170
Sure , Tom , I don't know . Sorry about

50:41.170 --> 50:43.281
that . General Dickinson , Thanks for

50:43.281 --> 50:45.503
doing this General Dental that this has

50:45.503 --> 50:47.614
been a great review of of an emerging

50:47.614 --> 50:49.670
field . That's very important on the

50:49.670 --> 50:51.670
Hill . Tom Coughlin from the Senate

50:51.670 --> 50:53.892
Armed Services Committee . And I'd like

50:53.892 --> 50:57.850
to start with holistically um , how

50:57.850 --> 51:00.110
to approach the space to mean similar

51:00.110 --> 51:02.440
to how folks talked about air as an

51:02.440 --> 51:04.551
extension of the ground domain during

51:04.551 --> 51:06.440
Billy Mitchell's time . There are

51:06.440 --> 51:08.218
similar ideas about space Is an

51:08.218 --> 51:10.051
extension of the air domain . So

51:10.051 --> 51:12.273
holistically , How do you see the space

51:12.273 --> 51:14.496
domain ? Are the independent as well as

51:14.496 --> 51:16.773
interdependent ? Were fighting domains .

51:16.773 --> 51:18.884
And number two , How is space Command

51:18.884 --> 51:20.773
approaching spaces ? A standalone

51:20.773 --> 51:22.940
warfighting domain . Thank you , sir .

51:22.940 --> 51:25.380
Okay , So a great question . Um , So I

51:25.380 --> 51:28.020
will tell you that my thought is that

51:28.020 --> 51:31.260
they integrated . So I think you just

51:31.260 --> 51:34.090
look at where you know my a r just to

51:34.090 --> 51:37.010
find , to begin , and and you could see

51:37.020 --> 51:39.360
even at that , even at that altitude

51:39.360 --> 51:42.290
there . Are there air equities there as

51:42.290 --> 51:44.512
well ? So I think it's at least at that

51:44.512 --> 51:46.679
level . And I'm talking probably , You

51:46.679 --> 51:49.130
know , my words , Leo . And in it's

51:49.130 --> 51:51.074
gonna be an integrated integration

51:51.074 --> 51:53.130
between the air domain and the space

51:53.130 --> 51:55.019
domain . It just has to be , um ,

51:55.019 --> 51:57.130
beyond that . I think you know that's

51:57.130 --> 52:00.890
gonna be fairly pure space , but it is .

52:00.900 --> 52:02.750
It is one of those areas , as I

52:02.760 --> 52:04.982
mentioned earlier , that requires close

52:04.982 --> 52:07.149
coordination , integration amongst the

52:07.149 --> 52:09.316
other services , the other domains and

52:09.316 --> 52:11.260
the other combatant commands . And

52:11.260 --> 52:13.260
we're working towards that each and

52:13.260 --> 52:16.510
every day . But , uh , when I discussed

52:16.510 --> 52:18.677
the supporting and supported , I think

52:18.677 --> 52:20.732
that's probably a good way toe toe .

52:20.732 --> 52:23.400
Look at that in terms of our support to

52:23.410 --> 52:26.400
the domains the geographic , the air ,

52:26.400 --> 52:29.140
land and sea domains , cyber domain and

52:29.140 --> 52:31.251
then their support to us in the space

52:31.251 --> 52:33.670
domain . Thanks , sir .

52:35.150 --> 52:37.317
All right , let's go to Rachel Cohen .

52:43.050 --> 52:46.820
Rachel , you need thio . Um , mute . I

52:46.820 --> 52:49.340
dio I'm sorry . Thank you for doing

52:49.340 --> 52:51.850
this . Um , I have another allies and

52:51.850 --> 52:54.340
partners kind of question for you . You

52:54.340 --> 52:56.340
know , General Height was talking a

52:56.340 --> 52:58.451
little bit about this the other day .

52:58.451 --> 53:00.673
You know , I'm curious when you talk to

53:00.673 --> 53:02.562
partner in allied countries about

53:02.562 --> 53:04.562
working together in space . What do

53:04.562 --> 53:06.729
what do they want from the U . S . And

53:06.729 --> 53:08.507
what do what do we want them to

53:08.507 --> 53:10.673
contribute ? You know , he was talking

53:10.673 --> 53:12.840
about it , sort of in the way that you

53:12.840 --> 53:14.951
know , the US . Let's other countries

53:14.951 --> 53:17.118
fly the F 35 . Right ? So what is sort

53:17.118 --> 53:19.062
of the space equivalent that we're

53:19.062 --> 53:21.229
working toward , Um , in that regard .

53:21.229 --> 53:23.562
You know what ? What roles and missions ,

53:23.562 --> 53:25.880
Uh , kind of shake up or , you know ,

53:25.880 --> 53:27.824
kind of kind of division . Are you

53:27.824 --> 53:29.658
looking at Well , thanks for the

53:29.658 --> 53:31.713
question . So you know that that's a

53:31.713 --> 53:33.936
very important part of the war fighting

53:33.936 --> 53:36.102
perspective of the command . So , as I

53:36.102 --> 53:38.158
mentioned earlier , we were not just

53:38.158 --> 53:40.380
starting out on our integration and our

53:40.380 --> 53:42.213
relationship with our allies and

53:42.213 --> 53:44.158
partners . We've had that for many

53:44.158 --> 53:46.820
years . If you look at the integration

53:46.820 --> 53:48.653
that we have with our allies and

53:48.653 --> 53:50.764
partners and our SAT com enterprise ,

53:50.764 --> 53:52.931
if you will , our integration with our

53:52.931 --> 53:54.876
allies and partners in our missile

53:54.876 --> 53:58.430
warning , uh , mission areas , eso

53:58.430 --> 54:00.430
we've had them and then we also had

54:00.430 --> 54:02.880
integrated on our operations floors ,

54:02.890 --> 54:05.820
Uh , for many years , eso as we look to

54:05.820 --> 54:07.876
the future , you know , it's like we

54:07.876 --> 54:10.153
see again , as we see in other domains ,

54:10.153 --> 54:12.431
that we will look for their capability ,

54:12.431 --> 54:14.487
their respective capabilities , that

54:14.487 --> 54:18.270
they are , ah , building the capacity

54:18.270 --> 54:20.548
and capabilities that they're building ,

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whether it's on the ground or on orbit

54:22.714 --> 54:24.881
or both . And we will look to those to

54:24.881 --> 54:27.103
see how we can integrate those into our

54:27.103 --> 54:29.030
our operations that we support ,

54:29.030 --> 54:31.197
whether that's operations in the space

54:31.197 --> 54:33.363
domain or whether that's operations in

54:33.363 --> 54:35.586
the air , land or sea domains , so that

54:35.640 --> 54:38.080
that is kind of What we go back to look

54:38.090 --> 54:41.060
at is we all have , uh ,

54:41.440 --> 54:43.780
expertise and capabilities . And how

54:43.780 --> 54:45.836
best can we bring those from each of

54:45.836 --> 54:47.780
our respective allies and partners

54:47.780 --> 54:49.891
together to build combat capability ?

54:52.740 --> 54:55.200
Okay , very good . Let's turn to a

54:55.200 --> 54:59.180
Sandra Irwin . Good morning , General

54:59.180 --> 55:01.180
Dickinson . Thank you for taking my

55:01.180 --> 55:04.430
question up . A few weeks ago , we

55:04.430 --> 55:07.260
heard from generally a lot , er back

55:07.260 --> 55:09.038
the director of the Space Force

55:09.038 --> 55:11.580
Intelligence and she was talking about

55:11.580 --> 55:14.310
there . There's a need for capabilities

55:14.310 --> 55:16.930
to characterize threats to have

55:16.930 --> 55:20.580
confidence in the in the in the

55:20.580 --> 55:23.110
information that you see in orbit . So

55:23.110 --> 55:25.221
I was just wondering if if you've had

55:25.221 --> 55:27.221
conversations with that side of the

55:27.221 --> 55:30.400
house and if you force C d . O d making

55:30.400 --> 55:32.511
investments in these new capabilities

55:32.511 --> 55:34.870
for characterizing threats and getting

55:34.880 --> 55:37.102
getting more accurate intelligence from

55:37.102 --> 55:41.030
space . Thank you . Great . So I had I

55:41.030 --> 55:43.086
had the honor working with Leah when

55:43.086 --> 55:45.141
she was out here is the J two before

55:45.141 --> 55:47.252
she moved on to the Space Force . And

55:47.252 --> 55:49.363
and the good news is she's that space

55:49.363 --> 55:51.586
force doing doing some great work , and

55:51.586 --> 55:53.697
then I've got a brand new , not brand

55:53.697 --> 55:55.863
new , but a new J two and behind her ,

55:55.863 --> 55:58.030
Greg Agnan and , uh , one of the I

55:58.030 --> 55:59.919
think one of the strengths of the

55:59.919 --> 56:02.030
command right now one of successes is

56:02.030 --> 56:04.086
how quickly we've been able to build

56:04.086 --> 56:06.252
our intelligence capability within U .

56:06.252 --> 56:08.474
S . Space Command and , uh , absolutely

56:08.474 --> 56:10.586
critical that we have those processes

56:10.586 --> 56:12.641
and procedures in place where we can

56:12.641 --> 56:14.840
better understand the activities on

56:14.840 --> 56:17.140
orbit . I mean , Aziz , we look , we

56:17.140 --> 56:19.196
talk a little bit about space domain

56:19.196 --> 56:21.307
awareness . You know , our ability to

56:21.307 --> 56:23.970
characterize , um , on orbit activities ,

56:23.970 --> 56:26.370
be able to understand what they are and ,

56:26.370 --> 56:28.537
more important , understand if we have

56:28.537 --> 56:32.170
to take any action or , uh or what are

56:32.230 --> 56:33.952
those types of things on or is

56:33.952 --> 56:35.952
absolutely critical , So I couldn't

56:35.952 --> 56:38.119
agree more . I mean , I think having I

56:38.119 --> 56:40.063
think the I think they're the 18th

56:40.063 --> 56:41.730
organization within the Intel

56:41.730 --> 56:43.930
enterprise now eyes critical and

56:43.930 --> 56:46.097
demonstrates the importance of space ,

56:46.097 --> 56:48.208
uh , to the Department of Defense and

56:48.208 --> 56:50.430
the whole pending and the government in

56:50.430 --> 56:52.541
general . And so I support that . You

56:52.541 --> 56:54.652
know , the capabilities that we build

56:54.652 --> 56:56.874
our in order to do that are critical to

56:56.874 --> 56:58.986
what we do is a war fighter . Just as

56:58.986 --> 57:00.986
we do , for example , and the other

57:00.986 --> 57:02.920
domains . So whether its missile

57:02.920 --> 57:04.809
defense , whether it's air to air

57:04.809 --> 57:07.031
combat , whether it's combat on the sea

57:07.031 --> 57:09.198
Theobald ity , Thio , characterize and

57:09.198 --> 57:11.198
understand what is happening in the

57:11.198 --> 57:13.031
environment you're working in is

57:13.031 --> 57:15.198
important . And the intel is obviously

57:15.198 --> 57:18.010
a huge piece to that , Thank you very

57:18.010 --> 57:22.000
much . Alright , How about let's

57:22.000 --> 57:24.760
go to Dong Yung Kim ?

57:25.130 --> 57:27.210
Thank you for taking the question .

57:27.220 --> 57:29.220
This is going on . Kim , a reporter

57:29.220 --> 57:31.970
from Voice of America Korean service uh

57:31.980 --> 57:34.070
last week Secretary Austin , in his

57:34.080 --> 57:36.302
Senate confirmation hearing , mentioned

57:36.302 --> 57:38.480
in his advanced policy question that

57:38.490 --> 57:40.950
space related threats from Iran and

57:40.950 --> 57:43.080
North Korea , such as jamming of

57:43.080 --> 57:45.140
satellite , is growing . Also , he

57:45.140 --> 57:47.820
mentioned about space lots capably

57:47.820 --> 57:50.720
turning into ah ballistic technology

57:50.730 --> 57:53.260
related . How is space com addressing

57:53.260 --> 57:55.890
such secondary threat besides China and

57:55.890 --> 57:58.540
Russia ? Thank you . I'm sorry . What

57:58.540 --> 58:00.596
was the last part of that question ,

58:00.596 --> 58:02.651
please ? How is space com addressing

58:02.651 --> 58:04.762
such secondary threat ? Besides China

58:04.762 --> 58:06.707
and Russia , in particular ? North

58:06.707 --> 58:06.640
Korea .

58:10.720 --> 58:12.498
Okay , so Well , thanks for the

58:12.498 --> 58:16.490
question . Um , I think what we're

58:16.490 --> 58:18.490
doing right now or what we're doing

58:18.490 --> 58:20.712
right now is , uh , you know , watching

58:20.712 --> 58:22.657
them very closely in terms of what

58:22.657 --> 58:24.657
they're doing for the on orbit . Of

58:24.657 --> 58:26.490
course , I've read the And I saw

58:26.550 --> 58:30.500
Secretary Austen's , uh , response

58:30.510 --> 58:32.710
to those advanced policy questions .

58:32.710 --> 58:35.043
And I listened to his testimony as well ,

58:35.043 --> 58:37.500
and so that I agree that , you know ,

58:37.500 --> 58:39.611
some of that activity could translate

58:39.611 --> 58:41.833
into missile defense or missile defense

58:41.833 --> 58:44.070
into space or missile technologies into

58:44.070 --> 58:46.720
space . So we hear it U S Space Command .

58:46.730 --> 58:48.952
You know , we watch that very closely ,

58:48.952 --> 58:51.230
Uh , in terms of what that means to us ,

58:51.230 --> 58:53.130
uh , both from our terrestrial or

58:53.130 --> 58:55.352
supporting rules to the war fighters on

58:55.352 --> 58:57.352
the ground , air and sea as well as

58:57.352 --> 58:59.241
what that could mean in the space

58:59.241 --> 59:02.460
domain . All right . Last question for

59:02.460 --> 59:04.450
you , General from John Harper .

59:08.120 --> 59:10.342
Thanks for doing this . General at John

59:10.342 --> 59:12.564
Harper with National Defense Magazine .

59:12.564 --> 59:14.950
When do you anticipate that space com

59:14.950 --> 59:17.350
will reach full operational capability ?

59:17.350 --> 59:19.461
Do you have a timeline for that ? And

59:19.461 --> 59:21.920
what are your criteria for declaring F

59:21.920 --> 59:25.350
o . C ? Well , so that's a great

59:25.350 --> 59:28.680
question . And you know , when you say

59:28.680 --> 59:30.736
great question usually means I'm not

59:30.736 --> 59:32.847
going to give you a specific answer ,

59:32.847 --> 59:34.847
right ? So , uh , no , just that to

59:34.847 --> 59:36.680
answer your question . So It's a

59:36.680 --> 59:38.736
function of many things . So I would

59:38.736 --> 59:40.736
tell you in general it's conditions

59:40.736 --> 59:42.600
based that will declare full

59:42.600 --> 59:44.767
operational capability . And what goes

59:44.767 --> 59:47.320
into that condition will be , ah , lot

59:47.320 --> 59:49.487
of things personnel number of people ,

59:49.487 --> 59:51.920
number of the right kinds of personnel

59:51.920 --> 59:54.142
that come to the command with the right

59:54.142 --> 59:56.309
skills and the talent . And then there

59:56.309 --> 59:58.309
will be a material piece to that in

59:58.309 --> 01:00:00.253
terms of capability , whether it's

01:00:00.253 --> 01:00:02.253
commander control or other types of

01:00:02.253 --> 01:00:04.890
capability that allow me to do my , uh ,

01:00:04.900 --> 01:00:07.480
UCP missions that have been given by

01:00:07.480 --> 01:00:10.270
the president . And so it's There's no

01:00:10.280 --> 01:00:12.920
date time month here right now ,

01:00:12.930 --> 01:00:14.874
because we're working through that

01:00:14.874 --> 01:00:16.930
right now in terms of what that will

01:00:16.930 --> 01:00:19.041
mean . But that's generally what will

01:00:19.041 --> 01:00:21.360
use in order to declare a full

01:00:21.360 --> 01:00:25.260
operational capability . Okay ,

01:00:25.260 --> 01:00:28.150
folks , we've come to the end of , uh ,

01:00:28.160 --> 01:00:30.570
this Space Power forum on Aerospace

01:00:30.570 --> 01:00:33.140
Nation . Ah , big thanks again to

01:00:33.140 --> 01:00:35.830
General Dickinson , Uh , to you ,

01:00:35.830 --> 01:00:38.150
General , and to our audience from all

01:00:38.150 --> 01:00:40.317
of us here at the Mitchell Institute ,

01:00:40.317 --> 01:00:42.372
have a great aerospace power kind of

01:00:42.372 --> 01:00:44.428
day . Thank you very much . It was a

01:00:44.428 --> 01:00:46.720
pleasure . You bet . Best of luck .

01:00:46.730 --> 01:00:47.340
Thank you .