1 00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,307 I'm Jim Townsend . I'm director of the 2 00:00:02,307 --> 00:00:04,418 11th center at Wayne State University 3 00:00:04,418 --> 00:00:07,100 law school and I'm so glad you have all 4 00:00:07,100 --> 00:00:08,822 come today to join us for this 5 00:00:08,822 --> 00:00:11,490 wonderful event . Um , we're going to 6 00:00:11,490 --> 00:00:13,880 hear today from Deputy Secretary of 7 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:17,260 Defense Kathleen Hicks and I'm going to 8 00:00:17,260 --> 00:00:19,940 now asked to come to the podium . M Roy 9 00:00:19,940 --> 00:00:21,829 Wilson , president of Wayne State 10 00:00:21,829 --> 00:00:24,370 University as a muslim . 11 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:30,329 Thank you . Well , good afternoon 12 00:00:30,329 --> 00:00:33,630 everyone . Yeah , first of all , let me 13 00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:35,980 just welcome everyone to this very 14 00:00:35,980 --> 00:00:38,230 important and very timely event with a 15 00:00:38,230 --> 00:00:40,397 conversation with the deputy Secretary 16 00:00:40,397 --> 00:00:43,900 of Defense Dr Kathleen Hicks . You know , 17 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:46,360 we're very , very honored to host you . 18 00:00:47,740 --> 00:00:50,170 This is the uh , she's the second 19 00:00:50,170 --> 00:00:52,370 person in command of the Department of 20 00:00:52,370 --> 00:00:55,410 Defense . She oversees the operations 21 00:00:55,410 --> 00:00:57,410 and personnel in the entire U . S . 22 00:00:57,410 --> 00:00:59,521 Military . So that's a pretty big job 23 00:01:00,340 --> 00:01:02,173 and we're thrilled to be able to 24 00:01:02,173 --> 00:01:04,510 provide this form with Dr Hicks will 25 00:01:04,510 --> 00:01:07,020 discuss the strategic threats and 26 00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:09,160 challenges facing our nation , 27 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:11,784 particularly with the emergence of 28 00:01:11,784 --> 00:01:14,920 climate change and how the Pentagon is 29 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:17,150 working to meet these critical issues . 30 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:19,529 Speaking of climate change is the 31 00:01:19,529 --> 00:01:21,980 second week of November and the 60° 32 00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:23,850 outside a case in point , 33 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:28,062 Wayne State University has been here in 34 00:01:28,062 --> 00:01:30,290 Detroit for a very long time . 35 00:01:30,300 --> 00:01:33,040 Detroit's our home , our home , 36 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,650 otherwise known as the motor city has 37 00:01:36,650 --> 00:01:38,660 also been called the arsenal of 38 00:01:38,660 --> 00:01:41,700 democracy . This states the World War 39 00:01:41,700 --> 00:01:44,920 two . The Detroit led an unprecedented 40 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:47,750 mobilization of industry to produce the 41 00:01:47,750 --> 00:01:49,970 tanks , trucks and airplanes that 42 00:01:49,970 --> 00:01:53,560 defeated fascism . Now 43 00:01:54,540 --> 00:01:56,596 the U . S . Military is working with 44 00:01:56,596 --> 00:01:58,762 Detroit again this time to take on the 45 00:01:58,762 --> 00:02:01,690 threat of a warming planet to turn the 46 00:02:01,700 --> 00:02:04,350 ingenuity and productive capacity of 47 00:02:04,350 --> 00:02:06,910 our automobile industry to help America 48 00:02:06,920 --> 00:02:10,260 in the world of a climate disaster . 49 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:13,730 Researchers at Wayne State are playing 50 00:02:13,730 --> 00:02:16,390 a vital role in deepening understanding 51 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:18,960 of the climate crisis and in developing 52 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:21,600 ways to reduce emissions that warm the 53 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:25,380 planet . The last 20 months have taught 54 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:28,990 us how small our world is and how much 55 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,140 can be accomplished when industry 56 00:02:31,150 --> 00:02:34,400 academia in the government come 57 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:36,400 together to attack or a devastating 58 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:39,910 threat like a global pandemic . We 59 00:02:39,910 --> 00:02:42,550 face another potentially devastating 60 00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:45,000 threat and climate change that is 61 00:02:45,010 --> 00:02:48,070 already evident in the extreme weather 62 00:02:48,070 --> 00:02:51,160 events that become all too routine . 63 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:54,640 Once again industry 64 00:02:54,650 --> 00:02:58,360 academia and government must come 65 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:00,870 together to address the causes of 66 00:03:00,870 --> 00:03:03,640 climate change and mitigate their 67 00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:06,950 effects . That is what brought 68 00:03:07,340 --> 00:03:10,380 Deputy secretary hicks Detroit and to 69 00:03:10,380 --> 00:03:13,000 wayne State's campus . The U . S . 70 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,056 Military is pursuing a comprehensive 71 00:03:15,056 --> 00:03:18,110 strategy both to respond to heighten 72 00:03:18,110 --> 00:03:21,500 risks of climate change and reduced the 73 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:24,150 armed services contribution to climate 74 00:03:24,150 --> 00:03:28,060 change . We are so pleased to have 75 00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:30,900 dr hicks on campus And we look forward 76 00:03:30,900 --> 00:03:33,320 to her talk and a lively Q . And A to 77 00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:35,480 follow . We also look forward to 78 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:37,369 continue to be a partner with the 79 00:03:37,369 --> 00:03:39,480 Department of Defense and the auto 80 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:41,930 industry help America rise to the 81 00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:45,360 challenges posed by climate change and 82 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:49,010 other environmental concerns and with 83 00:03:49,010 --> 00:03:51,232 that I like to turn things over to rick 84 00:03:51,232 --> 00:03:53,177 beer . Speak the Dean of the Wayne 85 00:03:53,177 --> 00:03:55,399 State University Law School , Thank you 86 00:03:55,399 --> 00:03:57,454 all very much again for being here . 87 00:04:01,340 --> 00:04:04,820 Yeah , thank you President 88 00:04:04,820 --> 00:04:07,910 Wilson and welcome everybody . I just 89 00:04:07,910 --> 00:04:10,530 wanted to officially welcome you all on 90 00:04:10,530 --> 00:04:12,970 behalf of Wayne State Law School and 91 00:04:12,970 --> 00:04:15,120 thank you all for being here and in 92 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:17,380 particular to thank the people who made 93 00:04:17,380 --> 00:04:19,480 this event possible . So dr hicks , 94 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:22,070 thank you so much to you and your team 95 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:24,030 for making time for us . We are so 96 00:04:24,030 --> 00:04:27,050 honored to have you here And to 11 97 00:04:27,050 --> 00:04:29,510 centre , thank you all for working so 98 00:04:29,510 --> 00:04:31,566 hard to pull this together on pretty 99 00:04:31,566 --> 00:04:35,420 short notice . The Levin Center was 100 00:04:35,430 --> 00:04:39,050 created here at this law school in 2015 101 00:04:39,540 --> 00:04:42,560 to carry on the legacy , the 102 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:44,950 legislative oversight legacy of 103 00:04:44,950 --> 00:04:47,850 michigan's longest serving senator , 104 00:04:47,860 --> 00:04:50,860 Senator Carl Levin . And 105 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:54,360 Since then it's really blossomed in 106 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,070 particular , Jim Townsend who started 107 00:04:58,070 --> 00:05:00,440 this off became the center's executive 108 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:03,420 director in 2019 and has really 109 00:05:03,420 --> 00:05:05,800 expanded the center's operations and 110 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,260 its footprint . It does a lot of work 111 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:10,360 nationally . A lot of work in our 112 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:12,740 nation's capital , has become the 113 00:05:12,740 --> 00:05:15,540 premier academic center on the art and 114 00:05:15,540 --> 00:05:17,970 practice of legislative oversight and 115 00:05:17,970 --> 00:05:20,081 its relationship to good government , 116 00:05:20,081 --> 00:05:21,970 which as we all know , is an 117 00:05:21,970 --> 00:05:24,750 increasingly important topic in these 118 00:05:24,750 --> 00:05:27,260 times . So we are honored to have the 119 00:05:27,260 --> 00:05:29,750 center here . Have it be a part of this 120 00:05:29,750 --> 00:05:31,870 law school which itself has a long 121 00:05:31,870 --> 00:05:34,500 legacy of producing public servants . 122 00:05:34,510 --> 00:05:36,840 And because of that , we are especially 123 00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:39,120 honored to host this event here today . 124 00:05:39,130 --> 00:05:41,970 So thank you all for being here and jim , 125 00:05:41,980 --> 00:05:43,758 I'll turn it back over to you . 126 00:05:52,540 --> 00:05:54,620 Thank you , President Wilson , thank 127 00:05:54,620 --> 00:05:57,190 you . Dean Beer speaks . Um well before 128 00:05:57,190 --> 00:05:59,910 I I get to the real honor that I have 129 00:05:59,910 --> 00:06:02,670 to uh introduce the Deputy Secretary , 130 00:06:02,680 --> 00:06:04,902 I do want to say a couple of additional 131 00:06:04,902 --> 00:06:07,570 words about senator 11 And about the 132 00:06:07,570 --> 00:06:09,737 11th centre , just a few more things . 133 00:06:09,737 --> 00:06:13,180 Um as as rick mentioned , Senator Levin 134 00:06:13,180 --> 00:06:15,940 was michigan's long disturbing us 135 00:06:15,940 --> 00:06:18,530 senator . One of the things though that 136 00:06:18,540 --> 00:06:20,762 people should also know especially here 137 00:06:20,762 --> 00:06:22,929 at this event is that he served on the 138 00:06:22,929 --> 00:06:25,151 Armed Services Committee for his entire 139 00:06:25,151 --> 00:06:26,929 career and he chaired the Armed 140 00:06:26,929 --> 00:06:29,151 Services Committee for 10 years or just 141 00:06:29,151 --> 00:06:31,373 about 10 years and one of the things he 142 00:06:31,373 --> 00:06:33,540 is most proud of what , you know , one 143 00:06:33,540 --> 00:06:35,651 of the things that really , really he 144 00:06:35,651 --> 00:06:37,818 felt made a difference was the work he 145 00:06:37,818 --> 00:06:40,040 did with the Defense Department and the 146 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:39,860 automotive industry to bring them 147 00:06:39,860 --> 00:06:41,960 together to find ways to create new 148 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:43,870 processes that could bring them 149 00:06:43,870 --> 00:06:45,703 together and enable them to work 150 00:06:45,703 --> 00:06:48,360 together . And really the work that 151 00:06:48,370 --> 00:06:50,426 Deputy Secretary Hicks is doing here 152 00:06:50,426 --> 00:06:52,426 today , talking with the automotive 153 00:06:52,426 --> 00:06:54,370 industry and with others about how 154 00:06:54,370 --> 00:06:56,592 we're going to tackle climate change is 155 00:06:56,592 --> 00:06:58,814 an outgrowth in many ways of his vision 156 00:06:58,814 --> 00:07:00,703 and his leadership . So we really 157 00:07:00,703 --> 00:07:03,760 appreciate getting this opportunity to 158 00:07:03,770 --> 00:07:05,770 be with you and and and and to hear 159 00:07:05,770 --> 00:07:07,881 your words today , we mean that awful 160 00:07:07,881 --> 00:07:10,770 out to us . Um the other thing I want 161 00:07:10,770 --> 00:07:12,992 to say is that this is the first public 162 00:07:12,992 --> 00:07:15,400 gathering that we have been able to 163 00:07:15,400 --> 00:07:18,640 have Here at the 11th center since 164 00:07:18,640 --> 00:07:22,340 Senator 11 passed away on July 29 . And 165 00:07:22,340 --> 00:07:24,860 so , um , with that in mind , I thought 166 00:07:24,860 --> 00:07:27,780 it might be appropriate for us to uh 167 00:07:27,790 --> 00:07:29,679 take a moment to take a moment of 168 00:07:29,679 --> 00:07:32,050 silence in recognition of Sen 11th 169 00:07:32,050 --> 00:07:34,630 passing . So if if you would join me in 170 00:07:34,630 --> 00:07:35,630 that , 171 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:53,920 thank you . So just 172 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:56,142 a little bit more about the 11th center 173 00:07:56,142 --> 00:07:57,920 and then I'll get to the really 174 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:00,031 important topic of the day . Um , our 175 00:08:00,031 --> 00:08:02,160 mission is to advance bipartisan fact 176 00:08:02,170 --> 00:08:05,440 based oversight . And it is something 177 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,140 that until a few years ago , I think a 178 00:08:08,140 --> 00:08:10,640 lot of people were not sure about , you 179 00:08:10,640 --> 00:08:12,530 know , what oversight is and how 180 00:08:12,530 --> 00:08:15,040 important it is for lawmakers , for 181 00:08:15,040 --> 00:08:17,850 public officials to embrace a process 182 00:08:17,850 --> 00:08:20,017 of finding the truth of getting at the 183 00:08:20,017 --> 00:08:22,072 truth and being willing to work in a 184 00:08:22,072 --> 00:08:24,183 way that sets partisanship , at least 185 00:08:24,183 --> 00:08:26,350 to some degree to the sidelines in the 186 00:08:26,350 --> 00:08:29,060 pursuit of facts . And now , what we've 187 00:08:29,070 --> 00:08:31,292 obviously come to realize is this is an 188 00:08:31,292 --> 00:08:33,459 urgent concern , an urgent concern for 189 00:08:33,459 --> 00:08:35,514 our democracy . We can't have recent 190 00:08:35,514 --> 00:08:39,000 debate . We can't come across the aisle 191 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,120 and create legislation that works 192 00:08:41,940 --> 00:08:44,480 unless we can at least agree on on a 193 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:46,702 basic set of facts and a way of a range 194 00:08:46,702 --> 00:08:48,990 of ascertaining those facts . And 195 00:08:48,990 --> 00:08:51,046 finally , when we can't do that , we 196 00:08:51,046 --> 00:08:53,340 open the door to people who want to 197 00:08:53,340 --> 00:08:54,810 spread misinformation and 198 00:08:54,810 --> 00:08:57,490 disinformation in a way that will 199 00:08:57,490 --> 00:08:59,660 destroy our democracy . And so we are 200 00:08:59,660 --> 00:09:03,110 really in a place um to fight against 201 00:09:03,110 --> 00:09:05,054 that . And what the 11 Center does 202 00:09:05,054 --> 00:09:07,221 every day is is work with lawmakers in 203 00:09:07,221 --> 00:09:09,166 Congress and in state legislatures 204 00:09:09,166 --> 00:09:11,388 around the country to try to understand 205 00:09:11,388 --> 00:09:13,554 how they can do better oversight , how 206 00:09:13,554 --> 00:09:15,750 they can advance themselves but do it 207 00:09:15,750 --> 00:09:18,028 in a way that reaches across the aisle , 208 00:09:18,028 --> 00:09:20,139 not to agree on the solution , but to 209 00:09:20,139 --> 00:09:22,194 agree that there's a way that we can 210 00:09:22,194 --> 00:09:24,361 fact find together that works and that 211 00:09:24,361 --> 00:09:26,730 is credible . So I just wanted to 212 00:09:26,730 --> 00:09:29,240 mention that to to all of you um 213 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:31,472 because it's so important to what we're 214 00:09:31,472 --> 00:09:33,694 really talking about today . One of the 215 00:09:33,694 --> 00:09:35,583 things that's really impeding our 216 00:09:35,583 --> 00:09:37,806 efforts to tackle climate change is our 217 00:09:37,806 --> 00:09:39,806 inability to come together around a 218 00:09:39,806 --> 00:09:41,917 basic set of facts concerning climate 219 00:09:41,917 --> 00:09:45,600 change . And so um I think it's really 220 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:47,656 important that we get that we get to 221 00:09:47,656 --> 00:09:50,860 that point and and talk about that . So 222 00:09:50,870 --> 00:09:54,540 uh I want to now turn to introducing 223 00:09:54,550 --> 00:09:56,790 um Deputy Secretary Hicks . 224 00:09:58,940 --> 00:10:02,050 Uh we uh we are so privileged that she 225 00:10:02,050 --> 00:10:05,000 is with us today . Um Dr Kathleen Hicks 226 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:07,650 serves as these 35th Deputy Secretary 227 00:10:07,650 --> 00:10:10,020 of Defense . Uh she was sworn into that 228 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:13,160 office on february 9th of this year and 229 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:15,770 prior to becoming Deputy Secretary Dr 230 00:10:15,770 --> 00:10:17,937 Hicks held the position of Senior Vice 231 00:10:17,937 --> 00:10:20,159 President and Director of International 232 00:10:20,159 --> 00:10:21,992 Security uh of the International 233 00:10:21,992 --> 00:10:23,937 Security program at the Center for 234 00:10:23,937 --> 00:10:26,048 Strategic and International Studies . 235 00:10:26,048 --> 00:10:28,103 Dr Hicks earned her PhD in political 236 00:10:28,103 --> 00:10:30,326 science at at M . I . T . Over the last 237 00:10:30,326 --> 00:10:32,550 decade , Dr Hicks has played a central 238 00:10:32,550 --> 00:10:34,940 role in shaping our force capabilities , 239 00:10:34,950 --> 00:10:37,500 overseas military posture and campaign 240 00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:40,420 plants . Mhm . And as president Wilson 241 00:10:40,420 --> 00:10:42,642 mentioned in her current capacity , she 242 00:10:42,642 --> 00:10:44,680 is the ceo L . Of a three million 243 00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:46,458 person operation at the Defense 244 00:10:46,458 --> 00:10:49,370 Department and as the second in command 245 00:10:49,370 --> 00:10:51,690 at the Department of Defense , Dr Hicks 246 00:10:51,690 --> 00:10:53,634 is the highest ranked woman in the 247 00:10:53,634 --> 00:10:55,690 history of the Department of Defense 248 00:10:55,690 --> 00:10:57,912 and the U . S . Military . So with that 249 00:10:57,912 --> 00:11:00,400 I hope you will join me in welcoming dr 250 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:02,456 Kathleen Hicks , Deputy Secretary of 251 00:11:02,456 --> 00:11:08,500 Defense . 252 00:11:09,340 --> 00:11:13,130 Yeah , thank you so much 253 00:11:13,140 --> 00:11:15,800 to all of the leaders here at Wayne 254 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,856 State University for hosting me this 255 00:11:17,856 --> 00:11:20,240 afternoon and I'm so honored to be 256 00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:22,910 speaking and to be um the first speaker 257 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:25,910 um since the passing of Carl Levin . 258 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,470 Senator Levin was a giant in the Senate 259 00:11:28,480 --> 00:11:30,900 and the work he did on legislative 260 00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:32,900 oversight of course is the focus of 261 00:11:32,900 --> 00:11:35,900 this center um That as Director 262 00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:38,980 Townsend just pointed out , he also had 263 00:11:38,980 --> 00:11:41,270 two other aspects of his career that 264 00:11:41,270 --> 00:11:43,610 resonate with me and with the work 265 00:11:43,610 --> 00:11:45,832 we're engaged on that the Department of 266 00:11:45,832 --> 00:11:49,110 Defense First , he was deeply invested 267 00:11:49,110 --> 00:11:51,560 in America's National Security . He 268 00:11:51,560 --> 00:11:53,449 chaired the Senate Armed Services 269 00:11:53,449 --> 00:11:57,140 Committee from 2001 to 2003 and again 270 00:11:57,150 --> 00:12:00,890 from 2007 until 2015 . In 271 00:12:00,890 --> 00:12:02,980 fact , he was the chairman during my 272 00:12:02,980 --> 00:12:05,260 first confirmation hearing in 2012 to 273 00:12:05,260 --> 00:12:06,816 become the principal deputy 274 00:12:06,816 --> 00:12:08,982 undersecretary of defense for policy . 275 00:12:09,140 --> 00:12:10,918 So I'm very grateful to him for 276 00:12:10,918 --> 00:12:12,862 shepherding my confirmation . Then 277 00:12:13,140 --> 00:12:15,210 Senator Levin's influence on defense 278 00:12:15,210 --> 00:12:17,930 matters still looms especially large , 279 00:12:17,940 --> 00:12:20,630 and michigan remains vital to advancing 280 00:12:20,630 --> 00:12:23,300 our nation's security , Relying on the 281 00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:25,420 region's industrial and manufacturing 282 00:12:25,420 --> 00:12:27,360 base . The Department of Defense 283 00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:30,580 invested $6.8 billion Michigan's 284 00:12:30,580 --> 00:12:34,410 economy in fiscal year 2020 alone and 285 00:12:34,410 --> 00:12:36,577 the department works closely with many 286 00:12:36,577 --> 00:12:38,577 of Michigan's academic institutions 287 00:12:38,577 --> 00:12:41,190 like Wayne State continuing to 288 00:12:41,190 --> 00:12:43,134 encourage our nation's students to 289 00:12:43,134 --> 00:12:45,790 apply their skills in areas life stem 290 00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:47,740 is critical to a strong defense 291 00:12:47,740 --> 00:12:50,930 industrial base . Second being in 292 00:12:50,930 --> 00:12:53,750 Detroit . Uh of course , Senator Levin 293 00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:56,300 is a Detroit native and he cared deeply 294 00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:58,600 about michigan and about America's 295 00:12:58,610 --> 00:13:00,990 automobile industry . He was a true 296 00:13:00,990 --> 00:13:03,046 champion of the people living in the 297 00:13:03,046 --> 00:13:06,760 state . That Michigan led industry has 298 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:08,800 played such an important role in 299 00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:10,800 America's growth during the 20th 300 00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:13,750 century . And it will once again be at 301 00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:16,650 the center of helping us solve climate 302 00:13:16,650 --> 00:13:20,040 change in the 21st century . Today . My 303 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:22,150 remarks will touch on both of these 304 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:24,700 areas , national security and the 305 00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:27,600 automobile industry . I'll be speaking 306 00:13:27,600 --> 00:13:29,544 about climate change as a national 307 00:13:29,544 --> 00:13:31,910 security challenge and outlining how 308 00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:34,077 the automotive innovation is happening 309 00:13:34,077 --> 00:13:36,243 here in Detroit can help us tackle the 310 00:13:36,243 --> 00:13:39,310 climate crisis , but before proceeding 311 00:13:39,310 --> 00:13:41,560 any further , I wanted to take a moment 312 00:13:41,560 --> 00:13:43,820 to acknowledge joe brian , my colleague 313 00:13:43,830 --> 00:13:46,170 with us this afternoon , joe is the 314 00:13:46,170 --> 00:13:48,500 department's first senior adviser to 315 00:13:48,500 --> 00:13:50,556 the Secretary of Defense for Climate 316 00:13:50,556 --> 00:13:52,667 and he spent years working as a staff 317 00:13:52,667 --> 00:13:54,667 member for Senator Levin and he was 318 00:13:54,667 --> 00:13:56,611 just telling me how fond he was of 319 00:13:56,611 --> 00:13:58,667 Senator Levin and what an incredible 320 00:13:58,667 --> 00:14:00,889 mentor and boss he was . I know Senator 321 00:14:00,889 --> 00:14:03,111 11 would be very proud to see the great 322 00:14:03,111 --> 00:14:05,278 work that show is doing at D . O . D . 323 00:14:05,278 --> 00:14:07,930 To advance America's security and um 324 00:14:07,940 --> 00:14:10,260 advance us against climate change . 325 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:13,400 Climate change is a crisis for the 326 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:15,770 entire planet . Like President biden 327 00:14:15,770 --> 00:14:18,210 said just last week , climate change is 328 00:14:18,220 --> 00:14:21,360 already ravaging the world . It's not 329 00:14:21,370 --> 00:14:23,950 not a hypothetical , it's not a 330 00:14:23,950 --> 00:14:26,750 hypothetical threat . Climate change is 331 00:14:26,750 --> 00:14:29,040 not a tomorrow problem , it's a problem 332 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:31,600 right now . And just as that is true 333 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:34,640 for everyone here , it's also true at 334 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:37,220 the Department of Defense in the 335 00:14:37,220 --> 00:14:39,590 Western United States . Wildfire 336 00:14:39,590 --> 00:14:42,400 seasons continue to worsen . In fact , 337 00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:44,678 the Chief of the National Guard Bureau , 338 00:14:44,678 --> 00:14:47,260 General Daniel Hokanson has remarked 339 00:14:47,260 --> 00:14:49,427 that the fire season has simply become 340 00:14:49,427 --> 00:14:52,400 fire year over the past five years . 341 00:14:52,400 --> 00:14:54,800 For example , The number of personnel 342 00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:56,720 days that the National Guard has 343 00:14:56,720 --> 00:14:59,240 dedicated to firefighting has increased 344 00:14:59,250 --> 00:15:02,340 from 14,000 person days To more than 345 00:15:02,350 --> 00:15:06,150 176,000 days . In the 346 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:08,950 arctic climate change affects ice melt 347 00:15:08,960 --> 00:15:10,910 and it's opening the region to new 348 00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:13,230 strategic challenges including from 349 00:15:13,230 --> 00:15:16,650 Russia and china and due to rising sea 350 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:20,110 levels and low elevation areas like the 351 00:15:20,110 --> 00:15:22,320 marshall islands home to critical 352 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:24,460 defense assets like the Ronald Reagan 353 00:15:24,460 --> 00:15:26,950 ballistic missile defense test site are 354 00:15:26,950 --> 00:15:29,740 increasingly at risk of disappearing or 355 00:15:29,740 --> 00:15:33,450 becoming uninhabitable . Climate change 356 00:15:33,450 --> 00:15:35,510 continues to create extreme weather 357 00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:37,820 events which increased the demands on 358 00:15:37,820 --> 00:15:40,140 our military while simultaneously 359 00:15:40,140 --> 00:15:42,550 affecting the military's capacity to 360 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:45,630 respond . And every dollar that we 361 00:15:45,630 --> 00:15:47,860 spend recovering from the effects of 362 00:15:47,860 --> 00:15:50,120 climate change is a dollar that the 363 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:52,640 department is not investing to meet 364 00:15:52,650 --> 00:15:55,970 other priorities . In the face of these 365 00:15:55,980 --> 00:15:58,530 increasingly challenging conditions , 366 00:15:58,540 --> 00:16:00,910 the Department of Defense must remain 367 00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:04,390 ready to defend the nation in line with 368 00:16:04,390 --> 00:16:06,540 President Biden's Executive order 369 00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:09,080 entitled tackling the climate crisis at 370 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:11,220 home and abroad . The Department of 371 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:14,100 Defense recently released to plants . 372 00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:17,200 The first is the D . O . D . Climate 373 00:16:17,210 --> 00:16:20,390 adaptation plan . It provides a roadmap 374 00:16:20,400 --> 00:16:22,650 to ensuring the department maintains 375 00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:25,200 the ability to operate under changing 376 00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:28,800 climate conditions . It sets a path to 377 00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:32,160 a lighter leaner , more survivable and 378 00:16:32,170 --> 00:16:34,270 agile force that is trained and 379 00:16:34,270 --> 00:16:36,940 equipped to operate in all climatic 380 00:16:36,950 --> 00:16:40,650 conditions . The second plan , the D . 381 00:16:40,650 --> 00:16:43,030 O . D . Climate risk analysis is 382 00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:45,180 focused on the geo strategic and 383 00:16:45,180 --> 00:16:48,080 mission implications of climate change . 384 00:16:48,090 --> 00:16:50,160 It is a framework for a shared 385 00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:52,340 department wide understanding of 386 00:16:52,340 --> 00:16:55,530 climate change and its effects . These 387 00:16:55,530 --> 00:16:57,870 reports will help guide the department 388 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:01,170 as we adapt to climate but the science 389 00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:04,130 is clear as a nation and a department 390 00:17:04,140 --> 00:17:06,590 we must do our part to mitigate climate 391 00:17:06,590 --> 00:17:09,690 change itself . The president has set 392 00:17:09,700 --> 00:17:12,030 an aggressive goal for the US to reach 393 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:14,510 net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 394 00:17:14,510 --> 00:17:17,920 2050 . The department is committed to 395 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:19,760 meeting the challenge by making 396 00:17:19,770 --> 00:17:21,930 significant changes in our use of 397 00:17:21,930 --> 00:17:24,190 energy and increasing our investments 398 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:28,050 in clean energy technology . It pushing 399 00:17:28,050 --> 00:17:31,420 toward net zero emissions by 2050 . The 400 00:17:31,420 --> 00:17:33,790 Department of Defense is developing a 401 00:17:33,790 --> 00:17:36,160 sustainability plan to meet our climate 402 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:39,490 goals . It will set a path for reducing 403 00:17:39,490 --> 00:17:42,300 greenhouse gas emissions , increasing 404 00:17:42,310 --> 00:17:45,280 our energy , water and waste efficiency 405 00:17:45,290 --> 00:17:47,780 and enhancing sustainable procurement 406 00:17:47,790 --> 00:17:51,000 and supply chains . Additionally , part 407 00:17:51,010 --> 00:17:53,090 of the sustainability plan will be 408 00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:56,040 focused on developing a zero emissions 409 00:17:56,050 --> 00:17:59,870 non tactical vehicle fleet . We also 410 00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:02,050 know that we need to optimize energy 411 00:18:02,060 --> 00:18:05,970 use in our tactical vehicles at D . O . 412 00:18:05,970 --> 00:18:08,670 D . These climate change objectives 413 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:12,220 align closely with our mission tactical 414 00:18:12,220 --> 00:18:15,530 vehicle electrification initially 415 00:18:15,540 --> 00:18:18,440 through hybrid electric technology has 416 00:18:18,440 --> 00:18:20,607 the potential to reduce greenhouse gas 417 00:18:20,607 --> 00:18:23,200 emissions but it could also provide 418 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,550 significant operational capability . 419 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:29,000 Electric vehicles are quiet , they have 420 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,750 a low heat signature and incredible 421 00:18:31,750 --> 00:18:34,760 torque and because they tend to be low 422 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:37,390 maintenance with fewer moving parts , 423 00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:39,390 they have the potential to reduce 424 00:18:39,390 --> 00:18:42,290 logistics requirements . All of these 425 00:18:42,290 --> 00:18:44,510 attributes can help give our troops an 426 00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:47,440 edge on the battlefield . But we need 427 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:49,680 partners to help capitalize on this 428 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:52,710 potential and Detroit . The heart of 429 00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:55,400 America's automotive industry is going 430 00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:57,630 to be fundamental to achieving these 431 00:18:57,630 --> 00:19:00,730 goals . We can't do it without you and 432 00:19:00,730 --> 00:19:03,850 without America's private sector As an 433 00:19:03,850 --> 00:19:06,072 example . Currently , the Department of 434 00:19:06,072 --> 00:19:09,850 Defense has about 170,000 non tactical 435 00:19:09,850 --> 00:19:12,370 vehicles . The cars and trucks we use 436 00:19:12,370 --> 00:19:15,330 on our basis . That's the largest fleet 437 00:19:15,340 --> 00:19:17,451 in the federal government next to the 438 00:19:17,451 --> 00:19:20,400 US postal service . Our success in 439 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,580 transitioning this massive fleet to 440 00:19:22,580 --> 00:19:25,000 zero emissions , most of which will be 441 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:28,640 electric will depend on America's auto 442 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:31,240 industry and auto workers right here in 443 00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:34,020 Detroit . The same is true of our 444 00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:37,500 tactical vehicles . Earlier today , I 445 00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:39,722 had the opportunity to travel to warren 446 00:19:39,722 --> 00:19:41,889 michigan and visit both General Motors 447 00:19:41,889 --> 00:19:44,540 Defense Text center and the Army's 448 00:19:44,550 --> 00:19:48,170 ground vehicles System center at the GM 449 00:19:48,170 --> 00:19:51,160 site , I saw firsthand how electric 450 00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:53,281 vehicle development in the commercial 451 00:19:53,281 --> 00:19:55,510 sector can translate to military 452 00:19:55,510 --> 00:19:59,220 capability . At the Army center , I 453 00:19:59,220 --> 00:20:01,220 saw some of the progress that we're 454 00:20:01,220 --> 00:20:03,450 making in the department itself . The 455 00:20:03,450 --> 00:20:05,283 Army's owner , for instance , is 456 00:20:05,283 --> 00:20:07,600 developing a vehicle centric microbe 457 00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:10,450 rib designed to provide on the go power 458 00:20:10,450 --> 00:20:12,220 for our next generation combat 459 00:20:12,220 --> 00:20:16,000 capabilities at General Motors , I also 460 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:17,889 had the opportunity to tour their 461 00:20:17,889 --> 00:20:21,000 battery lab , battery technology and 462 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:23,900 lithium ion batteries specifically are 463 00:20:23,900 --> 00:20:26,480 the lifeblood of electrification and 464 00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:29,420 the future auto industry . But 465 00:20:29,420 --> 00:20:31,198 batteries are also essential to 466 00:20:31,198 --> 00:20:33,680 thousands of military systems from 467 00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:35,670 handheld radios to unmanned 468 00:20:35,670 --> 00:20:38,480 submersibles and to future capabilities 469 00:20:38,490 --> 00:20:40,910 like lasers , directed energy weapons 470 00:20:40,910 --> 00:20:43,680 and hybrid electric tactical vehicles , 471 00:20:43,690 --> 00:20:46,190 healthy battery supply chain is 472 00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:49,080 essential to the military . When it 473 00:20:49,080 --> 00:20:51,660 comes to batteries . America needs to 474 00:20:51,660 --> 00:20:54,360 lead the world that needs innovation , 475 00:20:55,140 --> 00:20:57,030 but it also means manufacturing , 476 00:20:57,040 --> 00:20:59,310 ensuring we have healthy supply chains 477 00:20:59,310 --> 00:21:01,950 to get what we need when we need it . 478 00:21:03,340 --> 00:21:05,330 It is estimated that investment 479 00:21:05,340 --> 00:21:07,760 committed to the global lithium ion 480 00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:09,890 battery supply chain is approaching a 481 00:21:09,890 --> 00:21:12,350 trillion dollars . The problem , 482 00:21:12,350 --> 00:21:14,480 however , is that china presently 483 00:21:14,490 --> 00:21:17,840 dominates that supply chain . I know 484 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:19,507 that michigan's congressional 485 00:21:19,507 --> 00:21:21,673 delegation , including senators peters 486 00:21:21,673 --> 00:21:23,920 and stabenow here deeply about supply 487 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:27,530 chain issues as do I . Improving the U . 488 00:21:27,530 --> 00:21:29,780 S . Competitive position will create 489 00:21:29,780 --> 00:21:31,669 resilience of our domestic supply 490 00:21:31,669 --> 00:21:33,650 chains and this will bring jobs to 491 00:21:33,650 --> 00:21:35,428 America and ensure our national 492 00:21:35,428 --> 00:21:38,270 security . Do you D is committed to 493 00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:40,300 working with industry to increase 494 00:21:40,300 --> 00:21:42,430 resiliency in the supply chain which 495 00:21:42,430 --> 00:21:45,600 strengthens our industrial base . The 496 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:47,489 department has joined the federal 497 00:21:47,489 --> 00:21:49,711 consortium for advanced batteries which 498 00:21:49,711 --> 00:21:51,980 is interested in ensuring a domestic 499 00:21:51,980 --> 00:21:54,200 supply of lithium batteries and is 500 00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:55,867 committed to accelerating the 501 00:21:55,867 --> 00:21:57,811 development of a robust and secure 502 00:21:57,811 --> 00:22:00,440 domestic industrial base . And as part 503 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:02,740 of that consortium we released a 504 00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:04,770 national blueprint for lithium 505 00:22:04,770 --> 00:22:07,160 batteries , which informs how we will 506 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:09,530 work to secure a sustainable lithium 507 00:22:09,530 --> 00:22:13,100 battery supply chain . While the 508 00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:15,230 department is a large customer of 509 00:22:15,230 --> 00:22:17,640 lithium batteries , we know that it is 510 00:22:17,650 --> 00:22:20,020 ultimately the U . S . Private sector 511 00:22:20,030 --> 00:22:22,252 that will drive the investment in these 512 00:22:22,252 --> 00:22:24,970 supply chains . We need the commercial 513 00:22:24,980 --> 00:22:27,130 electric vehicle industry . If we are 514 00:22:27,130 --> 00:22:29,510 going to bring supply chain investment 515 00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:32,940 back to the United States . We also 516 00:22:32,940 --> 00:22:35,162 know that the Department of Defense can 517 00:22:35,162 --> 00:22:37,380 sometimes be a difficult customer . We 518 00:22:37,380 --> 00:22:39,440 have complex requirements and 519 00:22:39,440 --> 00:22:42,610 bureaucratic contracting processes . We 520 00:22:42,610 --> 00:22:44,777 know we need to change that if we want 521 00:22:44,777 --> 00:22:46,721 to leverage technology for defense 522 00:22:46,721 --> 00:22:49,130 capability and we want to make our 523 00:22:49,140 --> 00:22:51,550 automakers and other industry partners 524 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:55,370 help us do so . The transition to 525 00:22:55,370 --> 00:22:57,980 electric transportation relies on more 526 00:22:57,980 --> 00:23:01,120 than TVs . We also need to make sure 527 00:23:01,130 --> 00:23:03,340 the electric grids in our communities 528 00:23:03,340 --> 00:23:05,920 and our military installations are up 529 00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:08,900 to the challenge . The department is 530 00:23:08,900 --> 00:23:11,030 seeking solutions from our industry's 531 00:23:11,030 --> 00:23:13,610 partners to help manage the new demands 532 00:23:13,620 --> 00:23:17,170 on our electric systems . We have a lot 533 00:23:17,180 --> 00:23:19,540 of work to do before we're able to 534 00:23:19,540 --> 00:23:22,620 reach net zero emissions by 2050 . But 535 00:23:22,620 --> 00:23:24,564 just this past weekend , the biden 536 00:23:24,564 --> 00:23:26,676 administration took an important step 537 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:28,458 forward with the passage of the 538 00:23:28,458 --> 00:23:31,430 bipartisan infrastructure deal . It is 539 00:23:31,430 --> 00:23:33,920 a once in a generation investment that 540 00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:36,150 will create millions of jobs and 541 00:23:36,150 --> 00:23:38,790 modernize America's infrastructure and 542 00:23:38,790 --> 00:23:40,734 it does so while helping us combat 543 00:23:40,734 --> 00:23:43,240 climate change by investing in some of 544 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:44,962 what I've talked about today , 545 00:23:44,962 --> 00:23:47,560 including electric vehicles , batteries 546 00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:49,870 and the creation of a first ever 547 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:52,260 national network of charging stations . 548 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:54,760 It will allow us to make advancements 549 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:57,180 in our own clean energy supply chains 550 00:23:57,190 --> 00:23:59,170 and start exporting to the world . 551 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:01,970 Additionally , the House of 552 00:24:01,970 --> 00:24:04,192 Representatives also Advanced President 553 00:24:04,192 --> 00:24:06,192 Minds Build Back Better Act , which 554 00:24:06,192 --> 00:24:09,820 proposes a $555 billion dollar 555 00:24:09,820 --> 00:24:12,530 investment in clean energy without 556 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:15,290 raising the deficit . This will be the 557 00:24:15,290 --> 00:24:17,950 largest single investment in our clean 558 00:24:17,960 --> 00:24:21,750 energy in history . Communities 559 00:24:21,750 --> 00:24:23,860 like Detroit will be at the heart of 560 00:24:23,860 --> 00:24:27,260 the energy transition for more than 100 561 00:24:27,260 --> 00:24:29,520 years ? Detroit has been central to 562 00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:32,030 american , automotive manufacturing and 563 00:24:32,030 --> 00:24:33,974 center stage for innovation in the 564 00:24:33,974 --> 00:24:37,180 United States . It was great to be able 565 00:24:37,180 --> 00:24:39,210 to travel here today and to see 566 00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:42,360 firsthand how that legacy continues 567 00:24:42,940 --> 00:24:45,640 confronting climate change requires all 568 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:47,473 hands on deck , as we say at the 569 00:24:47,473 --> 00:24:49,740 Department of Defense . Detroit is a 570 00:24:49,740 --> 00:24:51,800 city that brings together leaders in 571 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:54,060 the automotive industry , government 572 00:24:54,060 --> 00:24:56,340 partners like the Department of Defense 573 00:24:56,350 --> 00:24:58,880 and Academic institutions . It's a 574 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:01,770 vibrant ecosystem . The traps and 575 00:25:01,770 --> 00:25:03,826 leverages some of the best talent in 576 00:25:03,826 --> 00:25:06,710 America and it will be vital to 577 00:25:06,710 --> 00:25:08,821 combating the challenge of a changing 578 00:25:08,821 --> 00:25:11,330 climate . Thank you for hosting me 579 00:25:11,330 --> 00:25:13,740 today and thank you for your continued 580 00:25:13,740 --> 00:25:15,518 contributions to increasing our 581 00:25:15,518 --> 00:25:17,800 national competitiveness , leading on 582 00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:20,020 the global stage and making our nation 583 00:25:20,020 --> 00:25:20,850 more secure . 584 00:25:32,340 --> 00:25:34,500 Okay , I'm afraid I didn't emphasize 585 00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:36,556 this enough . When I was speaking at 586 00:25:36,556 --> 00:25:38,556 the beginning , we are now going to 587 00:25:38,556 --> 00:25:40,778 move to a Q and a session and everybody 588 00:25:40,778 --> 00:25:42,722 in the audience is welcome to come 589 00:25:42,722 --> 00:25:44,944 forward with um with any questions that 590 00:25:44,944 --> 00:25:47,056 you might have . We have a microphone 591 00:25:47,056 --> 00:25:49,278 here uh , that we'd ask everybody , you 592 00:25:49,278 --> 00:25:49,210 know , for sort of social distancing 593 00:25:49,210 --> 00:25:53,090 reasons to use and um , and so please 594 00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:55,670 um , come forward with questions . Any 595 00:25:55,670 --> 00:25:58,560 question is is , you know , you know , 596 00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:02,470 okay , and we're very interested in 597 00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:05,460 hearing it . Maybe I'll kick things off 598 00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:08,062 dr hicks with , you know , just sort of 599 00:26:08,062 --> 00:26:11,210 a general question ? How are you 600 00:26:11,210 --> 00:26:13,210 working with partners and allies to 601 00:26:13,210 --> 00:26:15,650 combat combat climate change globally . 602 00:26:15,650 --> 00:26:17,706 What are your main priorities ? What 603 00:26:17,706 --> 00:26:19,650 what sorts of partnerships are you 604 00:26:19,650 --> 00:26:22,900 building ? Sure . So we incorporate 605 00:26:22,910 --> 00:26:25,550 climate into everything that we do from 606 00:26:25,550 --> 00:26:27,700 how we develop strategy and planning 607 00:26:27,700 --> 00:26:29,811 all the way down through our research 608 00:26:29,811 --> 00:26:31,922 and development and our investments . 609 00:26:31,922 --> 00:26:33,700 And we work with our allies and 610 00:26:33,700 --> 00:26:35,589 partners all along that stream of 611 00:26:35,589 --> 00:26:37,644 activity . So at the strategic level 612 00:26:37,644 --> 00:26:39,533 were very engaged with allies and 613 00:26:39,533 --> 00:26:41,367 partners on how to think about a 614 00:26:41,367 --> 00:26:43,589 changing climate and the risks it poses 615 00:26:43,589 --> 00:26:45,870 to us collectively . I mentioned , for 616 00:26:45,870 --> 00:26:47,981 example , the marshall islands in the 617 00:26:47,981 --> 00:26:49,981 pacific , there are other low lying 618 00:26:49,981 --> 00:26:51,759 countries that are very much at 619 00:26:51,759 --> 00:26:53,926 existential risk from climate change , 620 00:26:53,926 --> 00:26:55,703 but there's also areas like the 621 00:26:55,703 --> 00:26:58,050 Northern triangle south of our border 622 00:26:58,050 --> 00:27:00,770 here in the United States africa , 623 00:27:00,780 --> 00:27:04,220 where drought changing resource 624 00:27:04,220 --> 00:27:06,430 environments are driving climate 625 00:27:06,430 --> 00:27:09,870 migration are potentially creating 626 00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:13,360 ungovernable conditions and we work a 627 00:27:13,360 --> 00:27:15,527 lot with our allies and partners . I'm 628 00:27:15,527 --> 00:27:17,582 thinking through how we collectively 629 00:27:17,582 --> 00:27:19,710 can improve in those areas , which is 630 00:27:19,710 --> 00:27:21,654 largely outside defense , but it's 631 00:27:21,654 --> 00:27:23,821 mostly about development aid and other 632 00:27:23,821 --> 00:27:26,420 approaches . While we think through the 633 00:27:26,420 --> 00:27:28,531 potential implications for the use of 634 00:27:28,531 --> 00:27:30,570 the military , such as in disaster 635 00:27:30,570 --> 00:27:32,660 relief assistance in other areas 636 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,390 further down that chain , as we think 637 00:27:35,390 --> 00:27:37,001 about how we do research and 638 00:27:37,001 --> 00:27:38,946 development , we work closely with 639 00:27:38,946 --> 00:27:41,120 allies and partners on areas we can be 640 00:27:41,120 --> 00:27:44,320 invested in uh battery technology is a 641 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:46,460 clear area . Speaking with the army 642 00:27:46,460 --> 00:27:48,627 just today about the work they do with 643 00:27:48,627 --> 00:27:51,160 the Germans and others , our european 644 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:53,700 partners as an example , many of them 645 00:27:53,700 --> 00:27:56,130 are very interested in um advanced 646 00:27:56,130 --> 00:27:58,280 technology , green tech . So we work 647 00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:00,350 closely on where we can find common 648 00:28:00,350 --> 00:28:02,350 ground to develop the kinds of 649 00:28:02,350 --> 00:28:04,461 capabilities we need for the future . 650 00:28:05,340 --> 00:28:07,340 And then when we think about how we 651 00:28:07,340 --> 00:28:09,562 have to ensure our forces are ready and 652 00:28:09,562 --> 00:28:11,870 capable and invested in those um um 653 00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:13,850 systems that work for the future , 654 00:28:13,860 --> 00:28:16,260 We're thinking ahead to how we share 655 00:28:16,260 --> 00:28:18,460 those systems , how we make sure they 656 00:28:18,460 --> 00:28:20,730 can communicate with each other as we 657 00:28:20,740 --> 00:28:23,400 often do our operations with other 658 00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:27,140 countries . Wonderful . Again , please 659 00:28:27,140 --> 00:28:29,251 come to the microphone . We we'd love 660 00:28:29,251 --> 00:28:31,196 to hear your questions . I'll keep 661 00:28:31,196 --> 00:28:33,196 going . You got to listen to me ask 662 00:28:33,196 --> 00:28:35,362 questions for the for a while . So you 663 00:28:35,362 --> 00:28:37,140 know , take your chances here . 664 00:28:37,140 --> 00:28:39,418 Obviously as we're speaking here today , 665 00:28:39,418 --> 00:28:41,362 there was a momentous conversation 666 00:28:41,362 --> 00:28:43,529 taking place in Glasgow Scotland about 667 00:28:43,529 --> 00:28:45,473 how countries around the world are 668 00:28:45,473 --> 00:28:47,251 trying to come together to make 669 00:28:47,251 --> 00:28:49,307 progress on climate change . Um , at 670 00:28:49,307 --> 00:28:51,196 the D . O . D . Are you , are you 671 00:28:51,196 --> 00:28:51,120 looking at those conversations and 672 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,287 considering what might change for your 673 00:28:53,287 --> 00:28:55,287 mission , How that might affect the 674 00:28:55,287 --> 00:28:57,509 work you're trying to do ? Absolutely . 675 00:28:57,509 --> 00:29:00,700 So the commitments that come out of uh 676 00:29:00,710 --> 00:29:03,540 cop 26 in Glasgow , obviously we are a 677 00:29:03,540 --> 00:29:05,540 part of the U . S . Government , we 678 00:29:05,540 --> 00:29:07,651 will be part of that conversation . I 679 00:29:07,651 --> 00:29:09,762 mentioned are non tactical vehicles . 680 00:29:09,762 --> 00:29:11,984 That's a clear case of an area where we 681 00:29:11,984 --> 00:29:14,040 know we're going to be moving to net 682 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:17,250 zero emissions as part of the overall U . 683 00:29:17,250 --> 00:29:19,510 S . Plan for how the United States will 684 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:23,380 achieve its goals um , at cop 26 . 685 00:29:23,390 --> 00:29:26,400 Um , we also work very closely as I 686 00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:28,580 mentioned before with other militaries 687 00:29:28,580 --> 00:29:30,600 and defense establishments who are 688 00:29:30,600 --> 00:29:32,378 looking themselves and how they 689 00:29:32,378 --> 00:29:34,980 contribute to their national goals and 690 00:29:34,980 --> 00:29:37,490 trying to look for ways to lower our 691 00:29:37,490 --> 00:29:39,650 use and ensure that we can mitigate 692 00:29:39,650 --> 00:29:42,860 those effects . You talked a bit about 693 00:29:42,860 --> 00:29:45,720 the about the build back better plan 694 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:47,831 and what the legislation that is that 695 00:29:47,831 --> 00:29:50,053 is that is just passed and then further 696 00:29:50,053 --> 00:29:52,387 legislation that is under consideration . 697 00:29:52,387 --> 00:29:54,498 I wonder if you could talk a bit more 698 00:29:54,498 --> 00:29:56,553 about how the work that you're doing 699 00:29:56,553 --> 00:29:58,720 will actually affect citizens here . I 700 00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:00,776 mean how how will our infrastructure 701 00:30:00,776 --> 00:30:02,998 begin to change as a result of what the 702 00:30:02,998 --> 00:30:04,942 idea is doing and sort of how that 703 00:30:04,942 --> 00:30:06,998 folds into what the larger vision is 704 00:30:06,998 --> 00:30:09,109 for for build back better . Sure . So 705 00:30:09,109 --> 00:30:11,164 in the infrastructure plan that just 706 00:30:11,164 --> 00:30:12,942 passed , for example , there is 707 00:30:12,942 --> 00:30:15,164 investment in there in the billions for 708 00:30:15,164 --> 00:30:17,220 battery . We've talked about battery 709 00:30:17,220 --> 00:30:20,100 technology . There's also in the 710 00:30:20,110 --> 00:30:22,510 pending build back better legislation , 711 00:30:22,510 --> 00:30:24,700 for example , a significant investment 712 00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:28,320 potential on the micro grids side . And 713 00:30:28,320 --> 00:30:30,950 we would benefit uh this doesn't come 714 00:30:30,950 --> 00:30:33,117 to our basis but we would benefit from 715 00:30:33,117 --> 00:30:35,360 any investments to improve the electric 716 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:37,607 notification of the United States . We 717 00:30:37,607 --> 00:30:39,496 live in and around communities of 718 00:30:39,496 --> 00:30:41,980 course our basis sit within inside and 719 00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:44,202 around towns and communities that would 720 00:30:44,202 --> 00:30:46,470 benefit from that our security of our 721 00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:48,081 grid , the resiliency of our 722 00:30:48,081 --> 00:30:50,560 capabilities from severe weather events 723 00:30:50,570 --> 00:30:54,500 or any other uh man made or 724 00:30:54,510 --> 00:30:57,540 natural disasters that could affect our 725 00:30:57,540 --> 00:31:00,120 bases and installations are improved by 726 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:02,830 that electrification . All the charging 727 00:31:02,830 --> 00:31:05,570 station capability that's that's gone 728 00:31:05,570 --> 00:31:07,980 into the infrastructure bill and will 729 00:31:07,980 --> 00:31:11,340 be delivered out uh in the bill that's 730 00:31:11,340 --> 00:31:14,600 already passed Now law that will also 731 00:31:14,610 --> 00:31:16,730 aid us as that infrastructure builds 732 00:31:16,740 --> 00:31:18,851 off our installations will be working 733 00:31:18,851 --> 00:31:21,400 to build those that infrastructure on 734 00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:23,456 our installations . And there's some 735 00:31:23,456 --> 00:31:25,810 opportunities with funds that have been 736 00:31:25,820 --> 00:31:27,931 provided to other parts of government 737 00:31:27,931 --> 00:31:31,250 to partner with them . Well , let me 738 00:31:31,260 --> 00:31:34,280 continue . Uh I wouldn't be allowed to 739 00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:36,502 let you leave 11 center and leave leave 740 00:31:36,502 --> 00:31:38,613 wayne State Law School without asking 741 00:31:38,613 --> 00:31:40,336 you a question that deals with 742 00:31:40,336 --> 00:31:43,800 oversight and transparency . Um It goes 743 00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:46,022 without saying that the kinds of issues 744 00:31:46,022 --> 00:31:48,022 you're here to talk about today are 745 00:31:48,022 --> 00:31:50,078 ones that the public has an enormous 746 00:31:50,078 --> 00:31:51,856 stake in . And yet a lot of the 747 00:31:51,856 --> 00:31:54,022 information that would help the public 748 00:31:54,022 --> 00:31:56,133 understand how things are going , The 749 00:31:56,133 --> 00:31:58,356 progress or lack of progress that might 750 00:31:58,356 --> 00:32:00,411 be going on is classified . How does 751 00:32:00,411 --> 00:32:02,467 the department deal with the need to 752 00:32:02,467 --> 00:32:05,140 protect things that need to be held 753 00:32:05,140 --> 00:32:08,660 close and secret with the just as 754 00:32:08,660 --> 00:32:11,330 important a need to make sure that the 755 00:32:11,330 --> 00:32:14,230 public is able to engage and follow and 756 00:32:14,230 --> 00:32:16,830 track and hold accountable the efforts 757 00:32:16,840 --> 00:32:19,118 that the administration and that the O . 758 00:32:19,118 --> 00:32:21,062 D . Is undertaken . Certainly very 759 00:32:21,062 --> 00:32:22,507 important issue . And the 760 00:32:22,507 --> 00:32:24,229 administration is committed to 761 00:32:24,229 --> 00:32:26,340 transparency and Secretary Austin are 762 00:32:26,340 --> 00:32:28,451 certainly committed to transparency . 763 00:32:28,451 --> 00:32:28,410 The Defense Department , as you will 764 00:32:28,410 --> 00:32:30,577 know during the Obama administration . 765 00:32:30,577 --> 00:32:32,910 There was a significant shift in how we 766 00:32:32,910 --> 00:32:35,580 do classification that allows for 767 00:32:35,580 --> 00:32:38,940 routine declassification over time and 768 00:32:38,940 --> 00:32:41,530 we still uh you know adhere to are 769 00:32:41,530 --> 00:32:44,840 still subject to those rules and apply 770 00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:47,960 them . And that also provides a great 771 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:50,600 deal of sunshine if you will . And the 772 00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:53,070 Freedom of Information Act system also 773 00:32:53,070 --> 00:32:55,830 helps to keep us on our toes . Um as it 774 00:32:55,830 --> 00:32:58,210 should . You're asking for the 775 00:32:58,210 --> 00:33:00,154 fundamental question about why one 776 00:33:00,154 --> 00:33:02,377 classifies in the first place and there 777 00:33:02,377 --> 00:33:04,543 we push very hard . What we have found 778 00:33:04,543 --> 00:33:07,070 is that we often classify ourselves 779 00:33:07,070 --> 00:33:09,370 into challenges where we have parts of 780 00:33:09,380 --> 00:33:10,991 where we need to communicate 781 00:33:10,991 --> 00:33:13,213 effectively across our own system , let 782 00:33:13,213 --> 00:33:15,213 alone with the public . And we have 783 00:33:15,213 --> 00:33:16,880 gotten in our own way by over 784 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:19,047 classifying . So there is a great deal 785 00:33:19,047 --> 00:33:21,158 of effort to classify appropriately , 786 00:33:21,158 --> 00:33:23,324 which often does mean bringing down um 787 00:33:23,324 --> 00:33:26,010 classification from uh you know , 788 00:33:26,010 --> 00:33:28,121 levels that people feel instinctually 789 00:33:28,121 --> 00:33:30,310 as opposed to rationally they instead 790 00:33:30,310 --> 00:33:32,477 of following classification guidelines 791 00:33:32,477 --> 00:33:34,550 directly , they might go in um the 792 00:33:34,550 --> 00:33:36,717 highest classification that they think 793 00:33:36,717 --> 00:33:38,828 makes sense and now we make sure that 794 00:33:38,828 --> 00:33:40,994 they follow those rules very closely . 795 00:33:40,994 --> 00:33:43,272 So it is an important piece , you know , 796 00:33:43,272 --> 00:33:45,494 we do certain the executive branch were 797 00:33:45,494 --> 00:33:47,828 were subject to oversight from Congress . 798 00:33:47,828 --> 00:33:49,606 We work closely with members of 799 00:33:49,606 --> 00:33:51,717 Congress themselves to make sure they 800 00:33:51,717 --> 00:33:53,939 have the information they need um which 801 00:33:53,939 --> 00:33:55,828 sometimes is of course classified 802 00:33:55,828 --> 00:33:57,994 information but does not mean we don't 803 00:33:57,994 --> 00:34:00,161 share it with those who are cleared on 804 00:34:00,161 --> 00:34:02,217 Capitol hill . So that's another big 805 00:34:02,217 --> 00:34:04,439 piece of how we approach transparency . 806 00:34:04,439 --> 00:34:06,494 We have a question from the audience 807 00:34:06,494 --> 00:34:08,760 please . First off , I want to thank 808 00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:10,982 you so much for coming in speaking with 809 00:34:10,982 --> 00:34:12,871 us today and being able to answer 810 00:34:12,871 --> 00:34:15,038 questions that students have regarding 811 00:34:15,038 --> 00:34:17,204 climate change . Um it's kind of a two 812 00:34:17,204 --> 00:34:19,427 part question that I will be asking you 813 00:34:19,427 --> 00:34:21,860 um so regarding lithium batteries , 814 00:34:21,860 --> 00:34:25,100 where do we plan to um Escovedo these 815 00:34:25,110 --> 00:34:27,780 resources from and also what is our 816 00:34:27,780 --> 00:34:29,810 plan of disposal of these lithium 817 00:34:29,810 --> 00:34:32,600 batteries once they're used ? Sure . So 818 00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:34,544 we have a significant supply chain 819 00:34:34,544 --> 00:34:37,360 challenge with regard to lithium . As I 820 00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,530 said , there was a significant amount 821 00:34:39,530 --> 00:34:41,660 of lithium to be had in the world , 822 00:34:41,660 --> 00:34:44,280 most of what's happening today inside 823 00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:47,320 that um supply chain through all 824 00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:49,376 aspects of it is that it's very much 825 00:34:49,376 --> 00:34:51,542 dominated by china and for the Defense 826 00:34:51,542 --> 00:34:53,653 Department , that's not an acceptable 827 00:34:53,653 --> 00:34:55,620 outcome for what we need for the 828 00:34:55,620 --> 00:34:57,509 overall commercial sector for the 829 00:34:57,509 --> 00:34:59,398 United States , which is the much 830 00:34:59,398 --> 00:35:01,420 larger mover of that market ? Um I 831 00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:03,587 think it's also very uncomfortable for 832 00:35:03,587 --> 00:35:05,698 much of the commercial sector because 833 00:35:05,698 --> 00:35:07,698 you're leaving your supply chain at 834 00:35:07,698 --> 00:35:09,864 risk from another country's ability to 835 00:35:09,864 --> 00:35:11,864 choke it off . And we have seen The 836 00:35:11,864 --> 00:35:13,864 Chinese choke off critical minerals 837 00:35:13,864 --> 00:35:15,864 before which they did with Japan in 838 00:35:15,864 --> 00:35:17,976 about the 2011 time frame . So it's a 839 00:35:17,976 --> 00:35:20,200 big concern for us . There is a lot of 840 00:35:20,210 --> 00:35:22,510 lithium here in the United States . Um 841 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:26,010 there does need to be as an effort uh 842 00:35:26,020 --> 00:35:28,076 to make sure that there's a signal , 843 00:35:28,076 --> 00:35:30,830 market signals sent so that that can be 844 00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:34,340 mined and processed here . Um and so 845 00:35:34,340 --> 00:35:36,562 that's part of what we are trying to do 846 00:35:36,562 --> 00:35:38,451 on the Defense Department side is 847 00:35:38,451 --> 00:35:40,770 raised the national security um uh flag 848 00:35:40,780 --> 00:35:43,090 to indicate our interest in that work 849 00:35:43,090 --> 00:35:45,201 closely with the commercial sector to 850 00:35:45,201 --> 00:35:47,368 make sure they have all the facts they 851 00:35:47,368 --> 00:35:49,590 need about where their supply is coming 852 00:35:49,590 --> 00:35:51,757 from and collectively send that market 853 00:35:51,757 --> 00:35:55,150 signal to get the lithium supply chain 854 00:35:55,150 --> 00:35:57,039 up and running here in the United 855 00:35:57,039 --> 00:35:59,261 States and on in allied countries where 856 00:35:59,261 --> 00:36:01,790 there's also some capacity . Thank you . 857 00:36:01,790 --> 00:36:04,130 And then regarding disposal disposal . 858 00:36:04,130 --> 00:36:06,297 Yes , there , I think there's a lot of 859 00:36:06,297 --> 00:36:08,408 uh this is what I would say . I think 860 00:36:08,408 --> 00:36:10,408 there's a lot of opportunity for uh 861 00:36:10,408 --> 00:36:12,519 recycling critical minerals and using 862 00:36:12,519 --> 00:36:14,686 them effectively going forward . There 863 00:36:14,686 --> 00:36:16,686 are some technologies out there and 864 00:36:16,686 --> 00:36:18,630 some companies in the startup from 865 00:36:18,630 --> 00:36:20,797 trying to do that . And I think that's 866 00:36:20,797 --> 00:36:23,019 a really important piece of how we make 867 00:36:23,019 --> 00:36:25,019 that supply chain resilient for the 868 00:36:25,019 --> 00:36:27,186 United States . And of course that's a 869 00:36:27,186 --> 00:36:29,074 much more climate friendly way to 870 00:36:29,074 --> 00:36:31,241 approach the challenge . Thank you . I 871 00:36:31,241 --> 00:36:32,241 appreciate it . 872 00:36:35,030 --> 00:36:37,150 Thank you . Deputy hicks for coming 873 00:36:37,150 --> 00:36:39,483 here . I was wondering if the D . O . D . 874 00:36:39,483 --> 00:36:42,950 Has any concerns about future military 875 00:36:42,950 --> 00:36:45,006 recruits with increased health risks 876 00:36:45,006 --> 00:36:46,950 because of climate change . And if 877 00:36:46,950 --> 00:36:49,061 there are any plans to tackle that in 878 00:36:49,061 --> 00:36:51,610 the future to my knowledge , we don't 879 00:36:51,610 --> 00:36:53,443 have good studies right now that 880 00:36:53,443 --> 00:36:56,660 demonstrate how are recruiting pool is 881 00:36:56,660 --> 00:36:59,030 affected by health conditions . Let's 882 00:36:59,030 --> 00:37:01,030 take asthma , something like that . 883 00:37:01,030 --> 00:37:03,197 They're linked to climate change . But 884 00:37:03,197 --> 00:37:05,197 overall we definitely are concerned 885 00:37:05,197 --> 00:37:07,197 about making sure we have a quality 886 00:37:07,197 --> 00:37:09,086 recruiting pool and that that's a 887 00:37:09,086 --> 00:37:11,900 healthy pool . Um So I think there is a 888 00:37:11,900 --> 00:37:14,910 connection there between , you know , 889 00:37:14,910 --> 00:37:17,021 some of the health effects that we've 890 00:37:17,021 --> 00:37:19,077 seen more broadly in society that is 891 00:37:19,077 --> 00:37:21,021 supported by research is linked to 892 00:37:21,021 --> 00:37:23,410 climate um and we can extrapolate from 893 00:37:23,410 --> 00:37:26,000 that to our own um grapefruit pool to 894 00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:28,230 to start to look at how we ensure we 895 00:37:28,230 --> 00:37:30,230 have a healthy pool going forward . 896 00:37:30,230 --> 00:37:31,740 Thank you . Thanks . 897 00:37:35,730 --> 00:37:38,280 I have my phone . Um I just wanted to 898 00:37:38,280 --> 00:37:40,120 thank you for addressing this 899 00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:42,231 environmental issues is a huge reason 900 00:37:42,231 --> 00:37:44,453 that I'm at this law school . So I just 901 00:37:44,453 --> 00:37:46,120 appreciate it being addressed 902 00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:48,176 nationally . But um you've mentioned 903 00:37:48,176 --> 00:37:50,770 the steps being taken towards net zero 904 00:37:50,770 --> 00:37:53,270 emissions . And I was wondering what 905 00:37:53,270 --> 00:37:55,326 your perception is on the ability to 906 00:37:55,326 --> 00:37:58,050 really tackle an issue this huge . Um 907 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:01,220 because I mean does it seem like the 908 00:38:01,230 --> 00:38:02,841 government is finally really 909 00:38:02,841 --> 00:38:05,063 understanding the severity of the issue 910 00:38:05,063 --> 00:38:07,300 or does it seem like there is still 911 00:38:07,310 --> 00:38:09,421 some resistance to addressing climate 912 00:38:09,421 --> 00:38:11,532 change as a whole ? Yeah , I think at 913 00:38:11,532 --> 00:38:13,699 the leadership level , it's absolutely 914 00:38:13,699 --> 00:38:15,866 across the board inside the government 915 00:38:15,866 --> 00:38:18,143 right now in the executive branch side . 916 00:38:18,143 --> 00:38:20,143 Um from you know , the Secretary of 917 00:38:20,143 --> 00:38:21,921 Energy , Secretary of Defense , 918 00:38:21,921 --> 00:38:24,143 Secretary of State , you have uh former 919 00:38:24,143 --> 00:38:26,310 Secretary of State Kerry who of course 920 00:38:26,310 --> 00:38:28,310 is leading our efforts overseas and 921 00:38:28,310 --> 00:38:30,477 then we have a climate adviser here in 922 00:38:30,477 --> 00:38:32,588 the United States , Gina McCarthy and 923 00:38:32,588 --> 00:38:34,477 they're absolutely along with the 924 00:38:34,477 --> 00:38:36,699 president committed to these goals . Um 925 00:38:36,699 --> 00:38:38,921 You know , the ambition level is high , 926 00:38:38,921 --> 00:38:42,020 but the the ability of the U . S . 927 00:38:42,030 --> 00:38:44,450 Innovation sector just to get us there 928 00:38:44,450 --> 00:38:47,160 I think is also high . That doesn't 929 00:38:47,160 --> 00:38:48,938 mean to the second part of your 930 00:38:48,938 --> 00:38:50,882 question , that doesn't mean there 931 00:38:50,882 --> 00:38:52,771 isn't some cultural resistance to 932 00:38:52,771 --> 00:38:54,938 overcome . It's an issue on climate is 933 00:38:54,938 --> 00:38:56,716 an issue that has become overly 934 00:38:56,716 --> 00:38:59,049 politicized . The science is very clear , 935 00:38:59,049 --> 00:39:01,271 the national security community has for 936 00:39:01,271 --> 00:39:03,438 years and even I would say more than a 937 00:39:03,438 --> 00:39:06,310 decade then , very clear along with the 938 00:39:06,310 --> 00:39:08,690 intelligence community that um that 939 00:39:08,690 --> 00:39:11,350 there is a security national security 940 00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:14,140 risks that that grows from climate 941 00:39:14,140 --> 00:39:16,520 change . So it's not really been 942 00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:19,020 political in our spaces , but I think 943 00:39:19,020 --> 00:39:21,020 it's important for us to continuous 944 00:39:21,020 --> 00:39:24,400 leaders to repeat that message down all 945 00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:26,511 the way through the ranks and also to 946 00:39:26,511 --> 00:39:28,456 make climate just , you know , you 947 00:39:28,456 --> 00:39:30,456 can't opt in or out at this point , 948 00:39:30,456 --> 00:39:32,622 we're all in it on climate and D . O . 949 00:39:32,622 --> 00:39:34,733 D . Has to be part of that system and 950 00:39:34,733 --> 00:39:36,733 we have to train our leaders , as I 951 00:39:36,733 --> 00:39:39,030 said , from strategy through are indeed 952 00:39:39,030 --> 00:39:41,252 two deployments on how they think about 953 00:39:41,252 --> 00:39:43,197 the effects of climate change . If 954 00:39:43,197 --> 00:39:44,974 they're going to succeed at the 955 00:39:44,974 --> 00:39:47,550 tactical level , if we rely on fossil 956 00:39:47,550 --> 00:39:49,272 fuel approaches , it makes our 957 00:39:49,272 --> 00:39:52,270 logistics trails um much more difficult 958 00:39:52,270 --> 00:39:54,100 to secure . It makes us less 959 00:39:54,100 --> 00:39:56,044 maneuverable . It means we have to 960 00:39:56,044 --> 00:39:59,540 resupply and also , you know , re tank 961 00:39:59,540 --> 00:40:01,484 if you think about are tanking for 962 00:40:01,484 --> 00:40:04,710 meaning our ability to fuel over long 963 00:40:04,710 --> 00:40:06,660 distances . All of that is to the 964 00:40:06,660 --> 00:40:08,900 detriment of the Defense Department . 965 00:40:08,900 --> 00:40:11,011 So we just keep making the warfighter 966 00:40:11,011 --> 00:40:13,233 case to those who um , and the business 967 00:40:13,233 --> 00:40:15,067 case of the payback , the dollar 968 00:40:15,067 --> 00:40:18,270 payback to those who have challenges 969 00:40:18,270 --> 00:40:21,300 with uh , understanding the science and 970 00:40:21,300 --> 00:40:23,189 we'll we'll continue to teach the 971 00:40:23,189 --> 00:40:26,200 science inside our own schoolhouses . 972 00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:30,380 Thank you . Hi 973 00:40:30,380 --> 00:40:32,713 dr Hicks , thank you so much for coming . 974 00:40:32,713 --> 00:40:34,602 Um , my question was based on low 975 00:40:34,602 --> 00:40:36,769 income communities and how we can make 976 00:40:36,769 --> 00:40:38,713 sure that they are a part of clean 977 00:40:38,713 --> 00:40:40,880 energy . Um , just based on one of the 978 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:43,102 classes we have to take here as part of 979 00:40:43,102 --> 00:40:45,047 the honors college curriculum , we 980 00:40:45,047 --> 00:40:47,047 learned that typically lower income 981 00:40:47,047 --> 00:40:49,158 communities are environmental dumping 982 00:40:49,158 --> 00:40:50,713 grounds and have lower life 983 00:40:50,713 --> 00:40:52,824 expectancies . So as we make moves to 984 00:40:52,824 --> 00:40:54,936 um Get towards Net zero and have just 985 00:40:54,936 --> 00:40:57,550 better lower emissions and clean energy . 986 00:40:57,550 --> 00:40:59,606 How can you assure that lower income 987 00:40:59,606 --> 00:41:01,606 communities won't be left behind in 988 00:41:01,606 --> 00:41:04,240 this effort ? I think it's a major 989 00:41:04,240 --> 00:41:06,351 challenge and environmental equity is 990 00:41:06,351 --> 00:41:08,518 incredibly important and there is such 991 00:41:08,518 --> 00:41:11,910 a just just um such a fact pattern 992 00:41:11,920 --> 00:41:14,240 around exactly as you say , 993 00:41:14,310 --> 00:41:16,940 environmental risk and low income 994 00:41:16,940 --> 00:41:20,770 communities . Um so what we have in 995 00:41:20,780 --> 00:41:22,947 in the U . S . Government right now is 996 00:41:22,947 --> 00:41:24,770 a very significant focus on 997 00:41:24,770 --> 00:41:27,048 environmental equity , climate changes . 998 00:41:27,048 --> 00:41:29,159 How we think about climate change and 999 00:41:29,159 --> 00:41:31,381 all that we're doing , there is a piece 1000 00:41:31,381 --> 00:41:33,437 of that is not the only thing that's 1001 00:41:33,437 --> 00:41:35,659 happening right now in that space . And 1002 00:41:35,659 --> 00:41:35,180 I would just say from the Defense 1003 00:41:35,180 --> 00:41:37,390 Department perspective what we know is 1004 00:41:37,390 --> 00:41:39,530 that oftentimes those communities set 1005 00:41:39,530 --> 00:41:42,190 outside of our gates . So we have a 1006 00:41:42,190 --> 00:41:44,480 responsibility not only to make sure 1007 00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:46,820 we're looking into our installations 1008 00:41:46,820 --> 00:41:48,876 and making sure for example that the 1009 00:41:48,876 --> 00:41:51,098 environmental quality , the water , the 1010 00:41:51,098 --> 00:41:53,700 air etcetera on our installations is um 1011 00:41:53,710 --> 00:41:56,390 in good shape . But those are linked 1012 00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,580 almost inevitably linked to what's 1013 00:41:58,580 --> 00:42:00,580 happening on the communities on the 1014 00:42:00,580 --> 00:42:02,747 outside . And so we have to go outside 1015 00:42:02,747 --> 00:42:04,802 those gates of our installations and 1016 00:42:04,802 --> 00:42:06,858 work with communities . We can bring 1017 00:42:06,858 --> 00:42:08,960 grant dollars to bear . We can bring 1018 00:42:08,970 --> 00:42:11,360 partnerships public private 1019 00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:13,830 partnerships and other approaches . Um 1020 00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:15,951 so we're looking to do all of that as 1021 00:42:15,951 --> 00:42:18,173 part of this broader U . S . Government 1022 00:42:18,173 --> 00:42:20,180 approach on excuse me both on 1023 00:42:20,190 --> 00:42:22,412 environmental equity and in any case is 1024 00:42:22,412 --> 00:42:24,246 honestly it's also racial equity 1025 00:42:24,246 --> 00:42:26,246 because of the composition of those 1026 00:42:26,246 --> 00:42:28,023 ethnic composition . The racial 1027 00:42:28,023 --> 00:42:29,968 composition of those communities . 1028 00:42:29,968 --> 00:42:31,801 Thank you so much . Absolutely . 1029 00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:36,967 Dr Hicks , Thank you for addressing us 1030 00:42:36,967 --> 00:42:38,911 here at Wayne State University . I 1031 00:42:38,911 --> 00:42:41,022 think it's very inspiring to see that 1032 00:42:41,022 --> 00:42:43,189 the Department of Defense is committed 1033 00:42:43,189 --> 00:42:42,740 to including Detroit and the 1034 00:42:42,740 --> 00:42:45,090 manufacturing spirit here in its clean 1035 00:42:45,090 --> 00:42:47,310 Energy initiative . Could you possibly 1036 00:42:47,310 --> 00:42:49,477 briefly delve into the specifics as to 1037 00:42:49,477 --> 00:42:51,870 how the Department of Defense Plans to 1038 00:42:51,870 --> 00:42:53,926 include Detroit in this initiative , 1039 00:42:53,926 --> 00:42:56,148 such as partnerships with the Big three 1040 00:42:56,148 --> 00:42:58,259 and or Ford Motor Company et cetera . 1041 00:42:58,259 --> 00:43:01,480 Well , I can't go into specifics in the 1042 00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:03,420 sense that we are beginning the 1043 00:43:03,420 --> 00:43:05,364 conversation . There are different 1044 00:43:05,364 --> 00:43:07,531 parts of the department that have some 1045 00:43:07,531 --> 00:43:09,476 partnerships already . I mentioned 1046 00:43:09,476 --> 00:43:11,642 today , for example , the visiting the 1047 00:43:11,642 --> 00:43:13,642 army's facility , the army has been 1048 00:43:13,642 --> 00:43:15,698 here in Detroit for a very long time 1049 00:43:15,698 --> 00:43:17,698 and they have a lot of partnerships 1050 00:43:17,698 --> 00:43:19,753 underway . But what I would speak to 1051 00:43:19,753 --> 00:43:21,920 more than anything is the potential we 1052 00:43:21,920 --> 00:43:23,809 have , we have there's a lot more 1053 00:43:23,809 --> 00:43:25,920 potential I think in terms of what we 1054 00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:27,920 can do together and how we innovate 1055 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:29,809 together . Um , and that includes 1056 00:43:29,809 --> 00:43:31,642 academic institutions , research 1057 00:43:31,642 --> 00:43:33,864 institutions , alongside industry . And 1058 00:43:33,864 --> 00:43:36,960 so uh in coming here , my goal really 1059 00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:39,390 is to see how much more we can make out 1060 00:43:39,390 --> 00:43:41,810 of that potential . Thank you 1061 00:43:46,600 --> 00:43:48,378 Projects picking up some of the 1062 00:43:48,378 --> 00:43:50,460 students questions as you alluded to 1063 00:43:50,470 --> 00:43:52,730 the d . o . d . I think first noted 1064 00:43:52,740 --> 00:43:54,684 that climate change was a national 1065 00:43:54,684 --> 00:43:57,070 security threat in 2008 . Also in the 1066 00:43:57,070 --> 00:43:59,070 intervening years , they frequently 1067 00:43:59,070 --> 00:44:01,126 talked about the need to invade with 1068 00:44:01,126 --> 00:44:03,403 weapons systems and with vehicles . Um , 1069 00:44:03,403 --> 00:44:05,514 and yet as you also just eluded , the 1070 00:44:05,514 --> 00:44:07,626 relationships with companies here are 1071 00:44:07,626 --> 00:44:10,530 pretty incipient . So candidly , do you 1072 00:44:10,530 --> 00:44:12,752 feel that the U . S . Is where it needs 1073 00:44:12,752 --> 00:44:14,752 to be A B . C . V . Other nations , 1074 00:44:14,752 --> 00:44:16,919 including adversaries on both fronts . 1075 00:44:16,919 --> 00:44:18,974 And if not , could you give a little 1076 00:44:18,974 --> 00:44:21,197 flavor for your analysis as to why that 1077 00:44:21,197 --> 00:44:23,363 that might not be . So , I don't think 1078 00:44:23,363 --> 00:44:26,210 we're where we need to be against our 1079 00:44:26,210 --> 00:44:28,321 own potential . I think that's really 1080 00:44:28,321 --> 00:44:30,950 the yardstick I would use because it 1081 00:44:30,950 --> 00:44:34,400 can , if we , if we were where we 1082 00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,440 wanted to be , we would be more 1083 00:44:36,440 --> 00:44:38,662 efficient returning more dollars if you 1084 00:44:38,662 --> 00:44:41,660 will . Um , and we would be more 1085 00:44:41,660 --> 00:44:44,950 tactically advantaged and we can see 1086 00:44:44,950 --> 00:44:47,260 that potential and how far we can go . 1087 00:44:47,260 --> 00:44:49,427 And there's so much more to do . So to 1088 00:44:49,427 --> 00:44:51,980 me that's dissatisfying in terms of 1089 00:44:51,990 --> 00:44:54,212 where we are versus where I know we can 1090 00:44:54,212 --> 00:44:56,379 be . And also when you go , you know , 1091 00:44:56,379 --> 00:44:59,040 as I did today over at GM , when you 1092 00:44:59,050 --> 00:45:01,840 see how far and that's , I'm sure 1093 00:45:01,850 --> 00:45:03,906 exemplary of what's happening across 1094 00:45:03,906 --> 00:45:06,072 the street , how far and how fast they 1095 00:45:06,072 --> 00:45:09,080 have gone . Um , we are not right there 1096 00:45:09,080 --> 00:45:11,413 alongside them now where the challenges , 1097 00:45:11,413 --> 00:45:14,240 we have a significant , um , four 1098 00:45:14,240 --> 00:45:17,000 structure . So think fleets of tanks , 1099 00:45:17,290 --> 00:45:20,130 Karzai said just cars and trucks , but 1100 00:45:20,140 --> 00:45:23,170 tanks , aircraft , surface ships , et 1101 00:45:23,180 --> 00:45:25,550 cetera . Uh , and we're going to have 1102 00:45:25,550 --> 00:45:28,000 that capital investment for a long time . 1103 00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:31,880 We we you the american taxpayer , you 1104 00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:34,210 buy these for a long term investment . 1105 00:45:34,290 --> 00:45:36,840 And so there's a significant challenge 1106 00:45:36,840 --> 00:45:39,620 in terms of how we would retrofit what 1107 00:45:39,620 --> 00:45:42,020 we already have where we have . I think 1108 00:45:42,020 --> 00:45:44,350 the by the way that's a challenge , 1109 00:45:44,350 --> 00:45:46,810 we're looking at where I think we can 1110 00:45:46,810 --> 00:45:50,080 really do much better fast is to get 1111 00:45:50,090 --> 00:45:53,070 our new systems are new approaches and 1112 00:45:53,070 --> 00:45:55,220 our research and development dollars 1113 00:45:55,220 --> 00:45:58,460 focused on the areas that can deliver 1114 00:45:58,470 --> 00:46:01,820 sooner . So as we build new systems as 1115 00:46:01,820 --> 00:46:03,900 we make , even if we're just making 1116 00:46:03,910 --> 00:46:06,260 purchases to take the cars and trucks 1117 00:46:06,260 --> 00:46:08,870 example , we can buy electric vehicles 1118 00:46:08,880 --> 00:46:11,690 just as easily as we can by not , you 1119 00:46:11,690 --> 00:46:13,857 know , non electric vehicles . We have 1120 00:46:13,857 --> 00:46:16,400 to build out that infrastructure on our 1121 00:46:16,400 --> 00:46:18,567 basis . We have to be electrified in a 1122 00:46:18,567 --> 00:46:20,456 way that allows us to do that and 1123 00:46:20,456 --> 00:46:22,567 charging infrastructure but we can do 1124 00:46:22,567 --> 00:46:24,733 that that's not unsolvable . And there 1125 00:46:24,733 --> 00:46:26,844 I think we can move relatively fast . 1126 00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:30,247 Okay , We are getting close to the end 1127 00:46:30,247 --> 00:46:32,413 of the time . We have , we have a hard 1128 00:46:32,413 --> 00:46:34,524 stop at five p.m. But we do have time 1129 00:46:34,524 --> 00:46:33,940 for one more question . I'm sorry for 1130 00:46:33,940 --> 00:46:35,996 the others who are waiting in line . 1131 00:46:35,996 --> 00:46:38,107 This is going to have to be our final 1132 00:46:38,107 --> 00:46:40,840 question . Um , so please all the 1133 00:46:40,840 --> 00:46:44,380 pressure's on me now . Thank you so 1134 00:46:44,380 --> 00:46:46,520 much for being here . I have so much 1135 00:46:46,520 --> 00:46:48,742 appreciated hearing all these practical 1136 00:46:48,742 --> 00:46:50,798 set to the D . O . D . Is taking and 1137 00:46:50,798 --> 00:46:52,909 just on the outside is so hard for me 1138 00:46:52,909 --> 00:46:52,470 to not keep thinking about this 1139 00:46:52,470 --> 00:46:55,070 immovable object of the anti science 1140 00:46:55,070 --> 00:46:57,340 crowd . And I just I wonder in your 1141 00:46:57,350 --> 00:46:59,461 experience so far what you've seen is 1142 00:46:59,461 --> 00:47:01,739 the best way to push back against that . 1143 00:47:01,739 --> 00:47:03,683 Maybe try and convince them if you 1144 00:47:03,683 --> 00:47:03,190 don't convince them . I don't I don't 1145 00:47:03,190 --> 00:47:05,301 know what's the best way to make sure 1146 00:47:05,301 --> 00:47:07,468 not only that with the separate taking 1147 00:47:07,468 --> 00:47:09,523 are important , but that you have to 1148 00:47:09,523 --> 00:47:11,440 take steps at all . I think first 1149 00:47:11,440 --> 00:47:13,750 leadership is incredibly important . Um 1150 00:47:13,760 --> 00:47:15,770 I think having a particularly in an 1151 00:47:15,770 --> 00:47:17,437 organization like the Defense 1152 00:47:17,437 --> 00:47:19,437 Department leadership is incredibly 1153 00:47:19,437 --> 00:47:21,659 vital . It's vital everywhere but where 1154 00:47:21,659 --> 00:47:23,992 people are used to following , you know , 1155 00:47:23,992 --> 00:47:26,103 in a strict , strict hierarchy , it's 1156 00:47:26,103 --> 00:47:28,760 even more important . So doing things 1157 00:47:28,760 --> 00:47:30,538 like me coming here today , the 1158 00:47:30,538 --> 00:47:33,020 Secretary of Defense raises climate and 1159 00:47:33,030 --> 00:47:35,380 most of his bilateral exchanges , for 1160 00:47:35,380 --> 00:47:37,491 example , with all his counterparts , 1161 00:47:37,491 --> 00:47:39,713 many of whom are just as eager to raise 1162 00:47:39,713 --> 00:47:42,560 it with him . Uh We work very , you 1163 00:47:42,560 --> 00:47:44,671 know , we've had these two plans that 1164 00:47:44,671 --> 00:47:46,782 have come out , we've put emphasis in 1165 00:47:46,782 --> 00:47:48,560 our budget , both the budget we 1166 00:47:48,560 --> 00:47:50,671 submitted last year and the one we're 1167 00:47:50,671 --> 00:47:52,838 working on for next year around how we 1168 00:47:52,838 --> 00:47:54,560 talk about climate , how we're 1169 00:47:54,560 --> 00:47:57,650 addressing climate and adapting and 1170 00:47:57,650 --> 00:47:59,761 those mitigation measures as I talked 1171 00:47:59,761 --> 00:48:01,928 about so that leadership piece of it , 1172 00:48:01,928 --> 00:48:03,928 I think really matters . The second 1173 00:48:03,928 --> 00:48:06,260 thing I would say is um there's a lot 1174 00:48:06,260 --> 00:48:09,540 to be said for incentives and uh we 1175 00:48:09,540 --> 00:48:11,930 have , you know , just like any large 1176 00:48:11,930 --> 00:48:14,041 organization , we have a way to build 1177 00:48:14,041 --> 00:48:15,708 incentives . If folks see the 1178 00:48:15,708 --> 00:48:17,541 efficiencies they can gain . For 1179 00:48:17,541 --> 00:48:19,486 instance , that frees up money for 1180 00:48:19,486 --> 00:48:21,708 things that they might value more where 1181 00:48:21,708 --> 00:48:23,763 an individual may be , doesn't value 1182 00:48:23,763 --> 00:48:25,652 the elimination of greenhouse gas 1183 00:48:25,652 --> 00:48:27,763 emissions , but they value having the 1184 00:48:27,763 --> 00:48:29,597 job , let's say the value of the 1185 00:48:29,597 --> 00:48:31,819 dollars back where they they value just 1186 00:48:31,819 --> 00:48:34,041 resilience of the value that they won't 1187 00:48:34,041 --> 00:48:36,208 have to rebuild airfields , you know , 1188 00:48:36,208 --> 00:48:38,319 when they get taken out or they won't 1189 00:48:38,319 --> 00:48:40,430 have to have sea walls that they have 1190 00:48:40,430 --> 00:48:42,430 to rebuild every few years . That's 1191 00:48:42,430 --> 00:48:44,486 money back on what we call readiness 1192 00:48:44,486 --> 00:48:46,440 and capability . So we're working 1193 00:48:46,440 --> 00:48:49,370 through ways to incentivize uh , 1194 00:48:49,380 --> 00:48:51,760 climate approaches . In addition to 1195 00:48:51,760 --> 00:48:53,982 demonstrating from the leadership level 1196 00:48:53,982 --> 00:48:56,093 that it's not knocked out , you don't 1197 00:48:56,093 --> 00:48:58,316 get an option . This is the future that 1198 00:48:58,316 --> 00:49:00,316 we're looking at . We Department of 1199 00:49:00,316 --> 00:49:02,371 Defense are part of that future . Um 1200 00:49:02,371 --> 00:49:04,500 were part of the emissions and we're 1201 00:49:04,500 --> 00:49:06,800 part of the solution on the emissions 1202 00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:08,744 and for our own war fighters . And 1203 00:49:08,744 --> 00:49:10,800 that's I think where we're trying to 1204 00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:14,290 deliver . Thank you . Thank you dr 1205 00:49:14,290 --> 00:49:16,346 Hicks . Thank you so much . This has 1206 00:49:16,346 --> 00:49:18,234 been a wonderful exchange . We've 1207 00:49:18,234 --> 00:49:20,790 learned a lot . Just wonderful 1208 00:49:22,470 --> 00:49:24,637 everybody . If I could ask you to keep 1209 00:49:24,637 --> 00:49:26,748 your seats until dr just had a chance 1210 00:49:26,748 --> 00:49:29,220 to make your way out of the auditorium , 1211 00:49:29,230 --> 00:49:31,341 We'd really appreciate it . Thank you 1212 00:49:31,341 --> 00:49:34,080 all have a great evening . Mhm