1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,230 Admiral john Aquilino ? General Laura 2 00:00:03,230 --> 00:00:06,510 Richardson dr William in Baden , MS . 3 00:00:06,510 --> 00:00:09,150 Leanne Caret and moderator , David 4 00:00:09,150 --> 00:00:11,160 Ignatius of the Washington post . 5 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:24,660 I guess we yes , 6 00:00:33,220 --> 00:00:35,220 ladies and gentlemen , welcome from 7 00:00:35,220 --> 00:00:37,500 your photogenic panel . I hope 8 00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:39,720 everybody had a good coffee break and 9 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:42,790 is well caffeinated for our discussion 10 00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:45,470 of advancing security through alliances 11 00:00:45,470 --> 00:00:48,550 and partnerships . I don't have to tell 12 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:50,727 this audience that this is a moment in 13 00:00:50,727 --> 00:00:54,060 which we have threats around the world 14 00:00:54,060 --> 00:00:57,070 that are concerning . We have uh in the 15 00:00:57,070 --> 00:00:59,181 Washington post this morning a report 16 00:00:59,181 --> 00:01:02,260 that 100 and 75,000 Russian troops may 17 00:01:02,260 --> 00:01:05,270 be prepared to line up along the 18 00:01:05,270 --> 00:01:08,140 Ukraine border posing an extraordinary 19 00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:10,920 threat to Ukraine and indeed to the to 20 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:14,330 the NATO alliance in Vienna talks to 21 00:01:14,340 --> 00:01:16,720 restore the J . C . P . O . A just 22 00:01:16,730 --> 00:01:19,890 appear to have broken down big concern 23 00:01:19,890 --> 00:01:22,550 for for our allies and partners . And 24 00:01:22,550 --> 00:01:26,170 in uh Asia Admiral actually 25 00:01:26,170 --> 00:01:28,690 knows the area of responsibility , 26 00:01:28,700 --> 00:01:32,200 severe and rising concerns about 27 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:35,410 china in this world of danger . The 28 00:01:35,410 --> 00:01:37,970 United States has a unique asset and 29 00:01:37,970 --> 00:01:40,510 that is this network of alliances and 30 00:01:40,510 --> 00:01:42,566 partnerships that we have around the 31 00:01:42,566 --> 00:01:45,010 world . And so that's our our starting 32 00:01:45,010 --> 00:01:47,980 point is this precious thing that that 33 00:01:47,980 --> 00:01:51,940 we have gathered over the years . But 34 00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:53,940 I want to begin with a question for 35 00:01:53,940 --> 00:01:56,107 each member of our panel . I'll put it 36 00:01:56,107 --> 00:01:59,360 to each of you in turn At a time when 37 00:01:59,370 --> 00:02:02,860 the theme of America 1st and 38 00:02:03,130 --> 00:02:05,050 pulling back to this country has 39 00:02:05,050 --> 00:02:08,210 residents in both our political parties . 40 00:02:08,640 --> 00:02:11,940 Uh there is some concern among 41 00:02:11,940 --> 00:02:14,560 some allies and partners that I talked 42 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,760 to about our staying power about our 43 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:20,940 our credibility as their partner . So I 44 00:02:20,940 --> 00:02:23,310 want to ask each of the panelists in 45 00:02:23,310 --> 00:02:26,040 turns starting with Admiral Aquilino to 46 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:28,790 respond to that . What do you see in 47 00:02:28,790 --> 00:02:30,846 the part of the world that you cover 48 00:02:30,846 --> 00:02:32,957 and what can we do whatever the level 49 00:02:32,957 --> 00:02:35,960 of credibility is now to expand it . 50 00:02:35,970 --> 00:02:38,192 Admiral . Actually , no , you're you're 51 00:02:38,192 --> 00:02:40,248 living in the age of Aucas and maybe 52 00:02:40,248 --> 00:02:42,303 Aucas is the , is the answer that we 53 00:02:42,303 --> 00:02:44,359 ought to think about as a baseline . 54 00:02:44,359 --> 00:02:46,526 But tell us how that question looks to 55 00:02:46,526 --> 00:02:48,692 you . Thanks David . It's great to see 56 00:02:48,692 --> 00:02:50,859 you again . Uh and it's an honor to be 57 00:02:50,859 --> 00:02:52,859 here with this distinguished set of 58 00:02:52,859 --> 00:02:54,859 panel members . Um , so as I looked 59 00:02:54,859 --> 00:02:57,200 through the pacific Uh , you know , we 60 00:02:57,200 --> 00:03:00,200 have to remember for 80 years we have 61 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:02,311 generated the security and prosperity 62 00:03:02,311 --> 00:03:04,630 that's existed throughout the indo 63 00:03:04,630 --> 00:03:06,750 pacific . The U . S . Is a pacific 64 00:03:06,750 --> 00:03:08,917 nation . We've been there , we've been 65 00:03:08,917 --> 00:03:11,083 with these allies and partners for all 66 00:03:11,083 --> 00:03:13,620 those years . So what I have seen in my 67 00:03:13,620 --> 00:03:15,842 travels and I've just recently over the 68 00:03:15,842 --> 00:03:17,787 past seven months come back in the 69 00:03:17,787 --> 00:03:21,200 execution of realignment or excuse me , 70 00:03:21,210 --> 00:03:24,840 the The validation of 71 00:03:24,990 --> 00:03:28,760 our five treaty alliances . So 72 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:31,920 japan Korea Thailand 73 00:03:31,930 --> 00:03:35,660 Australia and the Philippines and 74 00:03:36,130 --> 00:03:38,730 everything I see from those nations as 75 00:03:38,730 --> 00:03:40,897 well as the rest of the nations in the 76 00:03:40,897 --> 00:03:44,490 region is there is no concern about 77 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:46,990 the strength of the U . S . Alliances 78 00:03:46,990 --> 00:03:50,550 and partnerships . Again , our value 79 00:03:50,790 --> 00:03:53,250 and the value of our partners is clear 80 00:03:53,260 --> 00:03:56,760 in this region . So for me 81 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,300 it is validated in every one of my 82 00:04:00,300 --> 00:04:02,360 meetings . Additionally on the Aucas 83 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:06,100 piece , that is certainly a benefit . 84 00:04:06,940 --> 00:04:09,630 When you look at the different sets of 85 00:04:09,630 --> 00:04:11,463 security relationships , whether 86 00:04:11,463 --> 00:04:13,710 they're bilateral , whether their 87 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:15,720 exercises and experiments and other 88 00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:17,998 things we do multilaterally . You know , 89 00:04:17,998 --> 00:04:20,800 august is additive . So trilateral 90 00:04:20,800 --> 00:04:22,911 relationship with Japan Korea and the 91 00:04:22,911 --> 00:04:25,160 United States , the Asean 92 00:04:25,540 --> 00:04:29,160 uh nations who get together 93 00:04:29,410 --> 00:04:32,360 the quad . Right ? So Aucas is a 94 00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:34,490 different and an additive security 95 00:04:34,490 --> 00:04:36,610 relationship that will be extremely 96 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:38,332 helpful to keep that peace and 97 00:04:38,332 --> 00:04:40,110 prosperity in the region . So I 98 00:04:40,110 --> 00:04:43,160 certainly welcome it . Australia has 99 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:45,870 made a big step and I think it will 100 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:49,380 increase the security in the region for 101 00:04:49,380 --> 00:04:52,110 the solution sets long term it is our 102 00:04:52,110 --> 00:04:54,470 allies and partners coming together to 103 00:04:54,470 --> 00:04:57,230 demonstrate the adherence international 104 00:04:57,230 --> 00:05:01,060 rule based order for the stability in 105 00:05:01,060 --> 00:05:04,000 the region and to continue that . So we 106 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:06,167 are stronger when we're together . And 107 00:05:06,330 --> 00:05:08,497 again , I think that will be the focus 108 00:05:08,497 --> 00:05:10,552 of this panel . So we welcome all of 109 00:05:10,552 --> 00:05:12,719 our allies and partners for all of our 110 00:05:12,719 --> 00:05:14,886 ops and and execution . I want to come 111 00:05:14,886 --> 00:05:18,300 back to Aucas with you in a few minutes 112 00:05:18,300 --> 00:05:20,411 but let me turn to General Richardson 113 00:05:20,840 --> 00:05:23,710 who has just taken over the U . S . 114 00:05:23,710 --> 00:05:26,770 Southern command . We have some great 115 00:05:26,780 --> 00:05:30,000 allies and partners in your area of 116 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,500 responsibility but they don't get the 117 00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:35,320 headlines . I want to ask you whether 118 00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:38,270 you worry that we're in danger of 119 00:05:38,570 --> 00:05:40,870 ignoring the partnerships that are in 120 00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:44,150 our own backyard , sometimes in our at 121 00:05:44,150 --> 00:05:46,500 least political debate in Washington . 122 00:05:46,500 --> 00:05:48,960 And how again to go back to my basic 123 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:50,970 question this time when people are 124 00:05:50,970 --> 00:05:52,803 asking questions about America's 125 00:05:52,803 --> 00:05:54,692 forward commitment , how would we 126 00:05:54,692 --> 00:05:57,560 demonstrate that better to people in 127 00:05:57,570 --> 00:05:59,737 the western hemisphere who are part of 128 00:05:59,737 --> 00:06:03,020 your A . R . Well , thank you very much 129 00:06:03,020 --> 00:06:04,964 and thank you for having me on the 130 00:06:04,964 --> 00:06:07,230 panel . Uh and it's my pleasure to talk 131 00:06:07,230 --> 00:06:10,290 about the south calm area of operations . 132 00:06:10,290 --> 00:06:12,940 And I've been in the seat five weeks 133 00:06:12,940 --> 00:06:14,718 and I've been able to travel to 134 00:06:14,718 --> 00:06:18,190 Colombia and Brazil so far two of our 135 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:21,200 biggest security partners . And I'm 136 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:23,256 happy to say , you know , as Admiral 137 00:06:23,256 --> 00:06:25,478 Aquilino talked about , they've been by 138 00:06:25,478 --> 00:06:28,700 our side um our allies and partners for 139 00:06:28,700 --> 00:06:31,160 a really long time . And Colombia 140 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:33,910 fought with us uh in the in the korean 141 00:06:33,910 --> 00:06:35,870 war , brazil fought with us in the 142 00:06:35,870 --> 00:06:38,200 World War Two . So we have a long 143 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:40,430 history with our allies and partners in 144 00:06:40,430 --> 00:06:42,430 the region and they want to partner 145 00:06:42,430 --> 00:06:44,770 with us uh and they want to be with the 146 00:06:44,770 --> 00:06:46,950 US . They want to do things with us . 147 00:06:46,950 --> 00:06:49,180 In fact , in brazil , it was kind of 148 00:06:49,180 --> 00:06:51,124 scratching our heads as to why why 149 00:06:51,124 --> 00:06:53,460 don't we do more ? Ah and what can we 150 00:06:53,460 --> 00:06:56,780 do more ? Because all of the challenges 151 00:06:56,780 --> 00:06:59,002 that we have , the crosscutting threats 152 00:06:59,002 --> 00:07:01,060 challenge our collective security 153 00:07:01,070 --> 00:07:04,920 across all domains . And uh and quite 154 00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:06,809 honestly we need to work together 155 00:07:06,809 --> 00:07:08,990 stronger . I think our allies and 156 00:07:08,990 --> 00:07:11,710 partners exponentially make us stronger . 157 00:07:11,930 --> 00:07:14,100 And so I think we have to look at that 158 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:17,230 from that perspective of what they have 159 00:07:17,230 --> 00:07:19,341 to bring , what we have to bring . We 160 00:07:19,341 --> 00:07:21,008 have to look at it from their 161 00:07:21,008 --> 00:07:23,330 perspective and their lens . Um a lot 162 00:07:23,330 --> 00:07:25,552 of times we look only through , I think 163 00:07:25,552 --> 00:07:27,608 our lens , I learned that working in 164 00:07:27,608 --> 00:07:29,663 north calm and working with Mexico , 165 00:07:30,140 --> 00:07:33,110 you know , um on how we look at the 166 00:07:33,110 --> 00:07:35,600 border issue and uh in the southwest 167 00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:37,767 border and things coming to our United 168 00:07:37,767 --> 00:07:40,050 States border , they also look at it , 169 00:07:40,050 --> 00:07:42,161 that's their northern border . And so 170 00:07:42,161 --> 00:07:43,994 they look at it from a different 171 00:07:43,994 --> 00:07:46,217 perspective and understanding those two 172 00:07:46,217 --> 00:07:48,383 different perspectives , I think helps 173 00:07:48,383 --> 00:07:51,120 us work closer together . I see a lot 174 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:53,710 of opportunity . Um you know , we can 175 00:07:53,710 --> 00:07:55,860 talk a lot about all the challenges , 176 00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:58,410 but I think the , you know , in terms 177 00:07:58,410 --> 00:08:00,466 of the headlines are exactly right , 178 00:08:00,466 --> 00:08:02,540 David , uh this a or doesn't get the 179 00:08:02,550 --> 00:08:05,370 the headlines . And when you're talking 180 00:08:05,370 --> 00:08:07,537 about the things that have happened in 181 00:08:07,537 --> 00:08:09,759 Africa , some of those things that have 182 00:08:09,759 --> 00:08:13,080 happened in Africa with our adversaries 183 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:15,024 are now happening in the south com 184 00:08:15,024 --> 00:08:16,913 region . And that doesn't get any 185 00:08:16,913 --> 00:08:18,920 headlines . And so , you know , I'd 186 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:21,087 like to say , I always like to use the 187 00:08:21,087 --> 00:08:23,253 football analogy , you gotta be on the 188 00:08:23,253 --> 00:08:25,142 field with their Jersey , on your 189 00:08:25,142 --> 00:08:26,976 number on and you gotta be there 190 00:08:26,976 --> 00:08:26,950 looking them in the eye because they 191 00:08:26,950 --> 00:08:29,228 want to , they want to partner with us , 192 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:31,951 they want to partner and they want to 193 00:08:31,951 --> 00:08:33,960 be teammates with us all the time . 194 00:08:33,970 --> 00:08:35,970 They prefer that we don't have to , 195 00:08:35,970 --> 00:08:37,914 we're not pulling them kicking and 196 00:08:37,914 --> 00:08:40,026 screaming to come partner with us and 197 00:08:40,026 --> 00:08:42,460 do exercises there there . They want to 198 00:08:42,460 --> 00:08:44,627 do it and they want to do more . And I 199 00:08:44,627 --> 00:08:46,682 think that we just got to capitalize 200 00:08:46,682 --> 00:08:48,793 upon that general Richardson before I 201 00:08:48,793 --> 00:08:51,016 move on . I just want to take you up on 202 00:08:51,016 --> 00:08:53,960 your comment that some of our allies 203 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:57,190 and partners in Southern Command want 204 00:08:57,190 --> 00:08:59,190 us to be doing more are looking for 205 00:08:59,190 --> 00:09:02,380 more from us as an ally . What are some 206 00:09:02,380 --> 00:09:04,602 of the things that you hear them asking 207 00:09:04,602 --> 00:09:06,658 for ? Not to say that you're ready . 208 00:09:06,658 --> 00:09:08,769 It's a policy decision . What are you 209 00:09:08,769 --> 00:09:10,769 hearing ? They love to do exercises 210 00:09:10,769 --> 00:09:12,810 with us and uh , and quite honestly 211 00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:15,300 that the exercises lead to things that 212 00:09:15,300 --> 00:09:18,050 happen . You know , for example , the 213 00:09:18,060 --> 00:09:20,350 the Haiti earthquake that occurred a 214 00:09:20,350 --> 00:09:23,750 few months ago . Uh not a lot was heard . 215 00:09:23,750 --> 00:09:27,130 The big news story was operationalize 216 00:09:27,130 --> 00:09:29,670 welcome and bringing our afghan guests 217 00:09:29,680 --> 00:09:32,150 out of Afghanistan into the country . 218 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:34,273 Well , meanwhile , South com was 219 00:09:34,273 --> 00:09:36,440 working very closely with nine partner 220 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:38,273 nations responding to that Haiti 221 00:09:38,273 --> 00:09:41,440 earthquake 7.2 earthquake that occurred 222 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:44,690 in Haiti . And so um , you know , you 223 00:09:44,690 --> 00:09:48,010 just look at the uh , the partner 224 00:09:48,010 --> 00:09:50,230 nations that we have the relationships 225 00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:52,970 that we have in that region is really 226 00:09:52,970 --> 00:09:55,520 tremendous . And so I think the the 227 00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:58,530 exercises Our exercise program is 228 00:09:58,540 --> 00:10:00,630 decreased a little bit this year , 229 00:10:00,640 --> 00:10:02,730 we're going from 11 down to eight 230 00:10:02,730 --> 00:10:05,020 exercises . But when you look at some 231 00:10:05,020 --> 00:10:08,770 of these exercises Unitas panamax 232 00:10:08,780 --> 00:10:10,870 trade winds . These are all names of 233 00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:13,092 exercises that many of you have already 234 00:10:13,092 --> 00:10:15,259 heard of and that have been around for 235 00:10:15,259 --> 00:10:17,314 many , many years . But it gives the 236 00:10:17,314 --> 00:10:19,460 opportunity to showcase the 237 00:10:19,460 --> 00:10:22,270 professional militaries that we do have 238 00:10:22,270 --> 00:10:24,381 and that these partner nations have . 239 00:10:24,381 --> 00:10:26,950 But then it also helps train them . 240 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:29,520 They become key exporters of security 241 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:32,120 as well in the region . Uh , so we're 242 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:34,250 not only just participating in an 243 00:10:34,250 --> 00:10:36,417 exercise to work towards another one , 244 00:10:36,417 --> 00:10:38,630 it actually trains them to be able to 245 00:10:38,630 --> 00:10:40,840 be better security partners in the 246 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:43,880 region as well . That's a helpful 247 00:10:43,880 --> 00:10:46,230 specific . I just want to remind this 248 00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:48,460 audience and people who may be watching 249 00:10:48,940 --> 00:10:50,970 streaming that you can get in this 250 00:10:50,970 --> 00:10:53,200 conversation , ask your own questions , 251 00:10:53,510 --> 00:10:56,420 send them via the app , the R . N . D . 252 00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:00,300 F . App or via twitter hashtag R N . D . 253 00:11:00,300 --> 00:11:02,430 F . And they'll land on my screen as 254 00:11:02,430 --> 00:11:04,820 some just did this minute . So I want 255 00:11:04,820 --> 00:11:08,560 to turn to uh dr Will Bowden who was 256 00:11:08,940 --> 00:11:11,210 uh in addition to to running the 257 00:11:11,210 --> 00:11:14,800 Clements Center now was the Director of 258 00:11:14,800 --> 00:11:18,060 Strategic Planning for the Bush 43 . 259 00:11:18,070 --> 00:11:20,750 Nsc has thought about these issues a 260 00:11:20,750 --> 00:11:24,160 lot . Um allies are fickle 261 00:11:24,540 --> 00:11:27,150 and there they can be a nuisance and 262 00:11:27,190 --> 00:11:29,246 they're a nuisance sometimes because 263 00:11:29,246 --> 00:11:31,523 they really don't pay their fair share . 264 00:11:31,523 --> 00:11:33,746 They they look to us for security . But 265 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:36,320 as the NATO debate during the Reagan 266 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:38,431 presidency showed , they're just they 267 00:11:38,431 --> 00:11:40,431 just don't pay what they promised . 268 00:11:40,431 --> 00:11:42,930 They will from your perspective , over 269 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:45,410 many , many years , talk about the ups 270 00:11:45,410 --> 00:11:47,466 and downs of alliances and where you 271 00:11:47,466 --> 00:11:49,470 see us now , whether you think I'm 272 00:11:49,470 --> 00:11:52,070 right in worrying that we may be losing 273 00:11:52,070 --> 00:11:54,490 a little bit of credibility , well , 274 00:11:54,490 --> 00:11:56,970 David , I'll try to both affirm and 275 00:11:56,970 --> 00:11:59,710 reassure your worries there . So , um I 276 00:11:59,710 --> 00:12:01,877 think for as long as the United States 277 00:12:01,877 --> 00:12:04,110 has had allies and alliances , we've 278 00:12:04,110 --> 00:12:06,166 had frustrations with our allies and 279 00:12:06,166 --> 00:12:08,060 alliances and our allies have had 280 00:12:08,060 --> 00:12:10,380 frustrations with us . Um I know Eliot 281 00:12:10,380 --> 00:12:12,491 Cohen is here at the conference today 282 00:12:12,491 --> 00:12:14,602 and I'm a big fan of his work and his 283 00:12:14,602 --> 00:12:16,713 book Supreme Command . His profile on 284 00:12:16,713 --> 00:12:18,880 On Winston Churchill . There's a great 285 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:20,880 quote from Churchill writing in the 286 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:23,660 1930s , and Churchill says the history 287 00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:26,510 of coalition warfare is the tale of the 288 00:12:26,510 --> 00:12:29,060 reciprocal complaints of allies . Right ? 289 00:12:29,060 --> 00:12:31,227 So this is just it's it's kind of part 290 00:12:31,227 --> 00:12:33,060 of the warp and woof of fighting 291 00:12:33,060 --> 00:12:35,282 alongside each other of doing diplomacy 292 00:12:35,282 --> 00:12:37,393 alongside each other . But going back 293 00:12:37,393 --> 00:12:39,449 to Admiral Aquilino does point about 294 00:12:39,449 --> 00:12:41,782 the last 80 years of american alliances , 295 00:12:41,782 --> 00:12:43,949 I want to kind of take us back to what 296 00:12:43,949 --> 00:12:43,540 was there before that . And this is one 297 00:12:43,540 --> 00:12:45,651 reason , I think why in America's DNA 298 00:12:45,651 --> 00:12:47,820 there is some skepticism among some 299 00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:49,876 parts of our political leadership in 300 00:12:49,876 --> 00:12:51,876 the body politic , but alliances is 301 00:12:51,876 --> 00:12:53,931 because for the 1st 150 years of our 302 00:12:53,931 --> 00:12:55,820 country's history , going back to 303 00:12:55,820 --> 00:12:57,764 Washington's farewell address , we 304 00:12:57,764 --> 00:12:59,931 didn't have permanent alliances . Uh , 305 00:12:59,931 --> 00:13:01,987 and they were , you know , they were 306 00:13:01,987 --> 00:13:01,560 seeing there were two big reasons for 307 00:13:01,560 --> 00:13:03,782 that which continue as concerns today . 308 00:13:03,782 --> 00:13:06,250 The first is that allies will drag us 309 00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:08,640 into wars or fights or conflicts that 310 00:13:08,650 --> 00:13:10,706 that aren't in our interests that we 311 00:13:10,706 --> 00:13:12,706 don't want . And the second is that 312 00:13:12,706 --> 00:13:12,700 they won't pay their fair share , that 313 00:13:12,700 --> 00:13:14,811 they'll be , they'll be free riders . 314 00:13:14,811 --> 00:13:17,120 Um , now as someone who is very pro 315 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:18,953 alliances and I'll get into some 316 00:13:18,953 --> 00:13:20,787 reasons why there , I think it's 317 00:13:20,787 --> 00:13:22,953 important that we remember those parts 318 00:13:22,953 --> 00:13:24,842 of our country's deeper history , 319 00:13:24,842 --> 00:13:26,787 because those concerns continue to 320 00:13:26,787 --> 00:13:28,787 recur pretty pretty regularly . And 321 00:13:28,787 --> 00:13:30,620 we've seen them in in our in our 322 00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:32,787 debates today . But I think the really 323 00:13:32,787 --> 00:13:35,500 key inflection point is in that , you 324 00:13:35,500 --> 00:13:38,790 know , Postwar moment , 1945-55 , when 325 00:13:38,790 --> 00:13:41,012 so much of the current structure of our 326 00:13:41,012 --> 00:13:43,179 alliance system today was built , uh , 327 00:13:43,179 --> 00:13:45,401 when we abandon that previous tradition 328 00:13:45,401 --> 00:13:47,623 of no allies and and embraced it . It's 329 00:13:47,623 --> 00:13:49,679 no coincidence that that that's also 330 00:13:49,679 --> 00:13:51,734 when the United States had our great 331 00:13:51,734 --> 00:13:53,957 debut on the world stage as the leading 332 00:13:53,957 --> 00:13:55,790 superpower . Right ? So , so our 333 00:13:55,790 --> 00:13:57,957 embrace of alliances went hand in hand 334 00:13:57,957 --> 00:13:59,846 with our with our our increase in 335 00:13:59,846 --> 00:14:01,901 national power and I think they have 336 00:14:01,901 --> 00:14:04,123 overall been mutually reinforcing since 337 00:14:04,123 --> 00:14:07,090 then . But given that there are these 338 00:14:07,090 --> 00:14:08,923 recurring tensions , we can't be 339 00:14:08,923 --> 00:14:10,979 complacent about and say , oh , just 340 00:14:10,979 --> 00:14:13,201 because we've always had those tensions 341 00:14:13,201 --> 00:14:12,250 that therefore we don't need to worry 342 00:14:12,250 --> 00:14:14,361 about it . The reason we've been able 343 00:14:14,361 --> 00:14:16,361 to manage them is because they take 344 00:14:16,361 --> 00:14:18,472 proactive management each uh with for 345 00:14:18,472 --> 00:14:20,583 each generation , for each generation 346 00:14:20,583 --> 00:14:22,750 of of political political leadership . 347 00:14:22,750 --> 00:14:24,917 Um as mentioned the two areas that I'm 348 00:14:24,917 --> 00:14:24,740 really concerned about our . Well , 349 00:14:24,740 --> 00:14:27,300 first there's five , I think key key 350 00:14:27,300 --> 00:14:29,522 factors that maintain the sinews of our 351 00:14:29,522 --> 00:14:31,244 alliances , there's our shared 352 00:14:31,244 --> 00:14:33,244 interests . We certainly have those 353 00:14:33,244 --> 00:14:33,100 with the threats from Russia and china 354 00:14:33,100 --> 00:14:35,150 today . Uh they're the treaties 355 00:14:35,150 --> 00:14:36,928 themselves , right . You know , 356 00:14:36,928 --> 00:14:38,706 designed to transcend political 357 00:14:38,706 --> 00:14:40,594 pressures , especially when we're 358 00:14:40,594 --> 00:14:42,706 speaking about our NATO allies or our 359 00:14:42,706 --> 00:14:44,594 allies in the Asia pacific . Um , 360 00:14:44,594 --> 00:14:46,817 there's the institutional connections , 361 00:14:46,817 --> 00:14:49,039 everything from the five Eyes to even , 362 00:14:49,039 --> 00:14:48,530 you know , the shared NATO round the 363 00:14:48,530 --> 00:14:50,363 same , you know , using the same 364 00:14:50,363 --> 00:14:52,530 cartridge . Those three factors are in 365 00:14:52,530 --> 00:14:54,670 pretty good shape . The next two key 366 00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:56,847 preserving the senior of alliances are 367 00:14:56,847 --> 00:14:58,902 the ones I worry about and those are 368 00:14:58,902 --> 00:15:00,847 presidential leadership and public 369 00:15:00,847 --> 00:15:02,680 opinion . This is not a partisan 370 00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:04,958 comment about the biden administration . 371 00:15:04,958 --> 00:15:07,124 Our last few presidencies I think have 372 00:15:07,124 --> 00:15:09,347 failed to show the commitment to allies 373 00:15:09,347 --> 00:15:11,680 to make the case to the american people . 374 00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:13,791 Why these matter to us ? When was the 375 00:15:13,791 --> 00:15:13,210 last time we heard an american 376 00:15:13,210 --> 00:15:14,932 president gave a full throated 377 00:15:14,932 --> 00:15:16,988 endorsement of alliances and say why 378 00:15:16,988 --> 00:15:18,877 they met her make the case to the 379 00:15:18,877 --> 00:15:20,988 american people , this is why we have 380 00:15:20,988 --> 00:15:20,520 these commitments because of what 381 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:22,631 they've , what they've , what they've 382 00:15:22,631 --> 00:15:24,631 done for us . And that in turn , of 383 00:15:24,631 --> 00:15:24,190 course is why we're seeing some 384 00:15:24,190 --> 00:15:26,357 diminishing public public support . So 385 00:15:26,357 --> 00:15:28,468 I think it can be turned around , but 386 00:15:28,468 --> 00:15:30,357 it's going to take those last two 387 00:15:30,357 --> 00:15:32,468 factors of presidential leadership in 388 00:15:32,468 --> 00:15:34,634 public and moving the needle in public 389 00:15:34,634 --> 00:15:34,240 opinion because there's other building 390 00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:36,407 blocks the institutional commitments , 391 00:15:36,407 --> 00:15:38,518 the treaties and the shared interests 392 00:15:38,518 --> 00:15:41,240 are there ? So mr correct ? You run 393 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:43,560 Boeing's defense and space business , 394 00:15:44,140 --> 00:15:46,680 curious what you're hearing as you talk 395 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:49,510 to your international customers , 396 00:15:49,520 --> 00:15:52,570 customers generally about America's 397 00:15:52,570 --> 00:15:54,681 staying power . And when the question 398 00:15:54,681 --> 00:15:56,903 comes up , how do you answer that ? How 399 00:15:56,903 --> 00:15:59,126 you say ? Yeah , we're , we're here for 400 00:15:59,126 --> 00:16:01,181 you today . We'll be here for you 10 401 00:16:01,181 --> 00:16:03,292 years from now . Well , thank you for 402 00:16:03,292 --> 00:16:02,780 the question . And it's just such an 403 00:16:02,780 --> 00:16:05,170 honor to be on this uh , panel with 404 00:16:05,180 --> 00:16:07,513 Admiral Aquilino and General Richardson . 405 00:16:07,513 --> 00:16:10,460 Uh , you know , we owe them incredible 406 00:16:10,460 --> 00:16:12,627 debts of gratitude for everything that 407 00:16:12,627 --> 00:16:14,404 they do every day for us and as 408 00:16:14,404 --> 00:16:16,840 industry . You know , one of the big , 409 00:16:16,850 --> 00:16:20,330 big lessons for us has always been 410 00:16:20,340 --> 00:16:22,930 that our proximity to the fight doesn't 411 00:16:22,930 --> 00:16:25,097 define our contribution to the fight . 412 00:16:25,097 --> 00:16:26,850 And so we view ourselves as an 413 00:16:26,850 --> 00:16:28,850 extension of the services . We view 414 00:16:28,850 --> 00:16:31,072 ourselves , um , as wanting to be there 415 00:16:31,072 --> 00:16:33,520 to provide the equipment , the tools , 416 00:16:33,520 --> 00:16:35,950 the training , the services and before 417 00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:37,950 word thinking in our own investment 418 00:16:37,950 --> 00:16:39,970 strategies to enable that that ties 419 00:16:39,970 --> 00:16:41,859 directly in to what we're hearing 420 00:16:41,859 --> 00:16:43,803 around the globe . And despite the 421 00:16:43,803 --> 00:16:46,660 pandemic , we have maintained operating 422 00:16:46,660 --> 00:16:49,160 rhythm where we are talking to everyone 423 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,271 either in person or as everybody else 424 00:16:51,271 --> 00:16:53,049 zoom and you know the different 425 00:16:53,049 --> 00:16:55,700 technologies and the message is clear 426 00:16:55,710 --> 00:16:58,360 the support from the U . S . Is still 427 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:00,550 as strong as it's ever been . We have 428 00:17:00,550 --> 00:17:03,690 seen zero downturn in terms of 429 00:17:03,700 --> 00:17:06,280 believing that the US . Is a firm ally 430 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:08,290 and partner to the nations . As a 431 00:17:08,290 --> 00:17:10,750 matter of fact we're continuing to see 432 00:17:10,750 --> 00:17:12,530 even more progress within the 433 00:17:12,530 --> 00:17:14,910 department . Um in terms of how do we 434 00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:17,670 be more proactive in terms of when 435 00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:19,892 we're working cooperative relationships 436 00:17:19,892 --> 00:17:22,250 when there's um weapons systems support 437 00:17:22,250 --> 00:17:25,280 that is needed . How can we help uh 438 00:17:25,290 --> 00:17:27,460 provide the information necessary so 439 00:17:27,460 --> 00:17:29,627 that not only does that nation get the 440 00:17:29,627 --> 00:17:31,849 benefit of what the US has already done 441 00:17:31,849 --> 00:17:33,904 but in turn how do we take back from 442 00:17:33,904 --> 00:17:35,849 that benefit that we saw with that 443 00:17:35,849 --> 00:17:37,960 developing nation or you know on that 444 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:40,182 weapon system and bring it back so that 445 00:17:40,182 --> 00:17:42,238 the U . S . Benefits . So we've seen 446 00:17:42,238 --> 00:17:44,460 this reciprocal behavior over the years 447 00:17:44,460 --> 00:17:46,682 and we're seeing it as much now as ever 448 00:17:46,682 --> 00:17:48,960 before . Um So there has been you know , 449 00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:51,060 David zero in my mind any indication 450 00:17:51,070 --> 00:17:53,292 that there isn't a belief that the that 451 00:17:53,292 --> 00:17:55,292 the U . S . Military is in with the 452 00:17:55,292 --> 00:17:57,530 allies and that that support remains as 453 00:17:57,530 --> 00:17:59,880 strong as ever . Let me take a specific 454 00:17:59,880 --> 00:18:03,740 example our our european 455 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:07,270 allies in NATO is still a very strong 456 00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:09,540 alliance are are precious to us . But 457 00:18:09,640 --> 00:18:11,940 we hear increasingly from some 458 00:18:11,950 --> 00:18:15,470 Europeans especially France that they 459 00:18:15,470 --> 00:18:17,248 want to focus on an independent 460 00:18:17,250 --> 00:18:20,360 european defense capability . Uh and 461 00:18:20,360 --> 00:18:22,582 they they give all sorts of reasons for 462 00:18:22,582 --> 00:18:25,950 that . You can understand why . Um I'm 463 00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:28,790 curious what that means for a company 464 00:18:28,790 --> 00:18:30,901 like like Boeing whether that's going 465 00:18:30,901 --> 00:18:32,850 to complicate your life as the 466 00:18:32,850 --> 00:18:34,961 Europeans move into their own space . 467 00:18:34,961 --> 00:18:36,961 Always saying yes we're going to be 468 00:18:36,961 --> 00:18:39,072 cooperative with NATO but we want our 469 00:18:39,072 --> 00:18:41,183 own uh is that gonna make life harder 470 00:18:41,183 --> 00:18:43,350 for you ? Well , I'll start by saying 471 00:18:43,360 --> 00:18:46,490 competition is good and you know I 472 00:18:46,490 --> 00:18:48,212 think it's really important to 473 00:18:48,212 --> 00:18:50,101 recognize in this day and age our 474 00:18:50,101 --> 00:18:53,520 ability to uh turn technology faster to 475 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:55,409 bring forward more innovative and 476 00:18:55,409 --> 00:18:58,070 creative solutions is critical . Uh 477 00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:00,970 it's not just the weapons system itself , 478 00:19:00,980 --> 00:19:03,380 it's the interoperability . And so as 479 00:19:03,380 --> 00:19:06,220 we think about um moving forward with 480 00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:08,580 nations who have desires for different 481 00:19:08,590 --> 00:19:11,150 products and services . Those they open 482 00:19:11,150 --> 00:19:13,450 up those competitions many times to the 483 00:19:13,450 --> 00:19:15,480 global landscape as well . So we're 484 00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:18,010 competing at home and abroad and it is 485 00:19:18,010 --> 00:19:20,330 up to us as industry to be proactive to 486 00:19:20,330 --> 00:19:22,052 look at where there's leverage 487 00:19:22,052 --> 00:19:24,219 opportunities that interoperability is 488 00:19:24,219 --> 00:19:27,240 so key because when the conflict 489 00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:29,980 happens very rarely do you not see 490 00:19:29,990 --> 00:19:32,990 allies coming together . And so even if 491 00:19:32,990 --> 00:19:35,212 they decide that they want to go invest 492 00:19:35,212 --> 00:19:37,379 and strengthen their industrial base , 493 00:19:37,379 --> 00:19:39,490 we still want to make sure that we're 494 00:19:39,490 --> 00:19:41,490 giving them an opportunity to offer 495 00:19:41,490 --> 00:19:41,300 them something that they can assess 496 00:19:41,310 --> 00:19:43,366 look at and we can be competitive in 497 00:19:43,366 --> 00:19:46,740 that and we go great service to the U . 498 00:19:46,740 --> 00:19:49,390 S . Government who advocates on behalf 499 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:52,340 of us products um in those situations . 500 00:19:52,340 --> 00:19:54,820 And so we work very closely with uh the 501 00:19:54,820 --> 00:19:57,640 defense security contract agency with 502 00:19:57,640 --> 00:19:59,807 the State Department to see if what we 503 00:19:59,807 --> 00:20:01,862 have is industry here in the U . S . 504 00:20:01,862 --> 00:20:04,930 Has application around the world . So 505 00:20:04,940 --> 00:20:08,510 Admiral Aquilino I wanna uh drill 506 00:20:08,510 --> 00:20:11,340 down a little deeper on Aucas . Aucas 507 00:20:11,350 --> 00:20:15,140 appears to all of us to be a big 508 00:20:15,150 --> 00:20:19,030 strategic idea . Uh It's it's something 509 00:20:19,030 --> 00:20:22,120 that I had a lot of churn because of 510 00:20:22,120 --> 00:20:24,800 french unhappiness initially . But it's 511 00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:27,730 a it's a it's a big idea . The nuclear 512 00:20:27,730 --> 00:20:30,080 navy has been a jewel of the U . S . 513 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:32,940 Navy are our undersea capabilities . It 514 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:36,250 can't have been easy to open . Um the 515 00:20:36,250 --> 00:20:39,610 aperture to truly take in Australia and 516 00:20:39,610 --> 00:20:42,830 Britain as partners in in august . I'd 517 00:20:42,830 --> 00:20:44,719 love to hear . I'm sure the whole 518 00:20:44,719 --> 00:20:46,830 audience would love to hear how aucas 519 00:20:46,830 --> 00:20:49,160 over time will make life different for 520 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:51,049 indo pay come . What will be done 521 00:20:51,049 --> 00:20:53,310 differently ? And also your first 522 00:20:53,310 --> 00:20:55,810 thoughts about how china is going to 523 00:20:55,810 --> 00:20:59,300 react to this new 524 00:20:59,310 --> 00:21:01,950 extension of the area where we have 525 00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:04,080 extraordinary really unmatched 526 00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:06,740 capability , undersea warfare . How 527 00:21:06,740 --> 00:21:08,962 will the chinese react to that ? Thanks 528 00:21:08,962 --> 00:21:12,370 David . Let me start by I think 529 00:21:12,370 --> 00:21:14,630 highlighting one of the reasons that 530 00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:16,751 august came about , right . So what I 531 00:21:16,751 --> 00:21:18,696 think we're what what I know we're 532 00:21:18,696 --> 00:21:21,490 watching in the region is the largest 533 00:21:21,490 --> 00:21:23,434 military build up we've seen since 534 00:21:23,434 --> 00:21:26,540 World War two . That has driven the 535 00:21:26,540 --> 00:21:29,990 Australians to assess the capabilities 536 00:21:29,990 --> 00:21:32,157 they need . And this was an Australian 537 00:21:32,157 --> 00:21:35,710 decision uh to be able to invest in a 538 00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:38,430 nuclear submarine program that provides 539 00:21:38,430 --> 00:21:40,597 the capabilities they need against the 540 00:21:40,597 --> 00:21:42,597 security threats in the region that 541 00:21:42,597 --> 00:21:45,830 they see . Uh we certainly 542 00:21:46,060 --> 00:21:49,800 endorse their decision as we've 543 00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:52,550 partnered with them , we'll develop 544 00:21:52,550 --> 00:21:54,661 those capabilities . And what I think 545 00:21:54,661 --> 00:21:56,550 you'll see around the rest of the 546 00:21:56,550 --> 00:21:58,772 region is there's real concern from the 547 00:21:58,772 --> 00:22:01,360 nations in the area on the security 548 00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:03,370 challenges that you've heard 549 00:22:03,380 --> 00:22:06,990 articulated by uh my secretary 550 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:10,060 uh and the focus on the indo pacific 551 00:22:10,810 --> 00:22:14,330 there are true challenges uh caucuses , 552 00:22:14,340 --> 00:22:17,790 one solution , it is additive to the 553 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:21,060 other security arrangements . To lee 554 00:22:21,060 --> 00:22:23,780 ANn's point . It's interoperability 555 00:22:23,780 --> 00:22:25,724 with the United States , all those 556 00:22:25,724 --> 00:22:27,391 allies and partners . That is 557 00:22:27,391 --> 00:22:29,780 beneficial . We value that 558 00:22:29,780 --> 00:22:33,440 interoperability and as 559 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:36,040 the security apparatus works together , 560 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:38,560 it does make us stronger if I could 561 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:41,262 jump on one of Will's points here . The 562 00:22:41,262 --> 00:22:43,520 discussion was the fickleness of allies 563 00:22:43,520 --> 00:22:47,110 and partners . You know , that that's 564 00:22:47,110 --> 00:22:49,480 the problem I'd rather have because the 565 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:51,570 other side of that coin is being the 566 00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:54,660 nation's with no allies and partners . 567 00:22:54,700 --> 00:22:57,030 And that's what we're looking at in the 568 00:22:57,030 --> 00:22:59,430 region . So from the United States 569 00:22:59,430 --> 00:23:01,750 perspective , you know , we continue to 570 00:23:01,750 --> 00:23:03,917 work with these allies and partners to 571 00:23:03,917 --> 00:23:05,917 laura's point in indo pak calm . We 572 00:23:05,917 --> 00:23:09,580 execute 120 exercises annually 573 00:23:09,880 --> 00:23:12,380 with our allies and partners . And 574 00:23:12,380 --> 00:23:15,490 we're looking to make those more mini 575 00:23:15,490 --> 00:23:17,170 lateral or multilateral 576 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:21,400 august can contribute to that , whether 577 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:23,511 it's under sea , on the sea above the 578 00:23:23,511 --> 00:23:26,150 sea or in space and cyberspace . We 579 00:23:26,150 --> 00:23:28,261 want to expand that , whether they're 580 00:23:28,261 --> 00:23:30,428 increased multilateral events . If you 581 00:23:30,428 --> 00:23:32,761 look at the exercise rim of the Pacific , 582 00:23:32,761 --> 00:23:35,270 which will be upcoming in 22 . Uh last 583 00:23:35,270 --> 00:23:37,790 time there were 27 nations with 584 00:23:37,790 --> 00:23:40,830 maritime forces , ground forces , air 585 00:23:40,830 --> 00:23:43,330 forces , right ? So from where I sit , 586 00:23:43,330 --> 00:23:45,441 that's what right looks like . That's 587 00:23:45,441 --> 00:23:48,140 what's been going on for 80 years . So 588 00:23:48,140 --> 00:23:50,770 we need to continue down that path . Uh 589 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:53,830 and we welcome those other sets of 590 00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:56,020 security exercises , relationships . 591 00:23:56,020 --> 00:23:58,131 However you wanna characterize them . 592 00:23:58,131 --> 00:24:00,130 The work with the quad nations 593 00:24:00,140 --> 00:24:03,820 associated with exercise malabar , we 594 00:24:03,820 --> 00:24:07,340 would see that expanding . So 595 00:24:07,350 --> 00:24:09,450 august is a small microcosm that 596 00:24:09,450 --> 00:24:11,339 applies to the entire rest of the 597 00:24:11,339 --> 00:24:14,330 security apparatus and we're here to 598 00:24:14,330 --> 00:24:16,497 support all of our allies and partners 599 00:24:16,497 --> 00:24:18,552 who would like to expand or increase 600 00:24:18,552 --> 00:24:20,886 their capability . So I want to be sure , 601 00:24:20,886 --> 00:24:23,108 I I understand the specific question of 602 00:24:23,108 --> 00:24:26,990 whether Aucas itself should be as 603 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:29,030 a few people have begun to suggest 604 00:24:29,030 --> 00:24:31,770 expanded should new Zealand be part of 605 00:24:31,770 --> 00:24:34,870 Aucas . Should other nations that can 606 00:24:34,870 --> 00:24:38,020 contribute specifically to 607 00:24:38,030 --> 00:24:41,550 the mission set of Aucas would be 608 00:24:41,550 --> 00:24:44,170 considered as as additional members or 609 00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:47,160 is this tripartite pact , Find the way 610 00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:49,350 it is for now . I think it's gonna 611 00:24:49,350 --> 00:24:51,128 start there . There's certainly 612 00:24:51,128 --> 00:24:53,350 technology sharing agreements and other 613 00:24:53,350 --> 00:24:55,680 things that would have to work . We 614 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:59,030 haven't discussed specifically adding 615 00:24:59,030 --> 00:25:01,086 to august with other nations at this 616 00:25:01,086 --> 00:25:03,360 point , but that shouldn't subtract or 617 00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:06,480 detract from our ability to execute 618 00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:08,480 increase cooperations through other 619 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:10,210 means other than just nuclear 620 00:25:10,490 --> 00:25:13,620 propulsion . We're ready to take on uh 621 00:25:13,630 --> 00:25:15,686 any of those additional efforts that 622 00:25:15,686 --> 00:25:17,852 our partners and allies are interested 623 00:25:17,852 --> 00:25:20,540 in and start those discussions . We'll 624 00:25:20,540 --> 00:25:23,320 come back to the quad in a in a 625 00:25:23,330 --> 00:25:25,497 subsequent around . But I want to turn 626 00:25:25,497 --> 00:25:27,720 to general Richardson as we're talking 627 00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:31,650 about china . And the challenge 628 00:25:31,650 --> 00:25:35,100 is to put it mildly that china presents 629 00:25:35,110 --> 00:25:38,770 one overlooked area is 630 00:25:38,780 --> 00:25:42,680 latin America and your staff sent me 631 00:25:42,690 --> 00:25:46,680 a figure which astonished me That 19 632 00:25:46,690 --> 00:25:50,210 of 31 countries in the hemisphere have 633 00:25:50,210 --> 00:25:52,290 signed up to the belt and road 634 00:25:52,290 --> 00:25:56,050 initiative ah assuming that number is 635 00:25:56,050 --> 00:25:58,680 right , it's startling that china is 636 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:02,120 making inroads to that extent . Talk 637 00:26:02,120 --> 00:26:04,080 from your perspective as the new 638 00:26:04,090 --> 00:26:06,470 combatant commander about the chinese 639 00:26:06,470 --> 00:26:10,050 presence in your A . O . R . And then 640 00:26:10,060 --> 00:26:12,171 more specifically what we ought to be 641 00:26:12,171 --> 00:26:14,510 doing to counter it . So thank you for 642 00:26:14,510 --> 00:26:18,300 that . I'd like to say that the uh 643 00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:20,630 that china's playbook for Africa is 644 00:26:20,630 --> 00:26:23,670 taking place in uh in latin America now 645 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:27,050 and so um well there there might be the 646 00:26:27,050 --> 00:26:29,690 news talks about . I watched an article 647 00:26:29,700 --> 00:26:32,710 uh news um program that was 648 00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:35,043 highlighting what's happening in Africa ? 649 00:26:35,340 --> 00:26:38,200 I think the news is a little bit behind 650 00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:40,860 uh and uh it's been happening in Africa 651 00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:43,050 for years and if we're not careful 652 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,440 What's happening in Latin America , 653 00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:49,040 well in five or 10 years have the 654 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:52,980 same impacts . And so yes , Out of the 655 00:26:52,980 --> 00:26:55,990 31 countries , 16 dependencies the 656 00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:58,167 those belt and road , those folks that 657 00:26:58,167 --> 00:27:00,333 have countries that have signed up for 658 00:27:00,333 --> 00:27:02,444 the belt and road initiative , the 19 659 00:27:02,444 --> 00:27:04,830 of 31 , I will tell you that I 660 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:06,784 mentioned the crosscutting threats 661 00:27:06,784 --> 00:27:09,520 earlier that collectively challenge our 662 00:27:09,530 --> 00:27:11,697 make challenges for our security . And 663 00:27:11,697 --> 00:27:15,280 that has to do with Covid and Covid is 664 00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:18,460 still very prevalent in our nations and 665 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:22,320 countries in latin America have 666 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,740 suffered uh pretty good at the hands of 667 00:27:25,740 --> 00:27:27,962 Covid and are still dealing with that . 668 00:27:28,340 --> 00:27:30,910 And so that that in my mind has changed 669 00:27:30,910 --> 00:27:33,310 the geopolitical landscape for some of 670 00:27:33,310 --> 00:27:35,590 the countries as they continue to deal 671 00:27:35,590 --> 00:27:37,850 with Covid and we continue to try to 672 00:27:38,180 --> 00:27:40,680 help them , vaccines are continuing to 673 00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:42,958 be deployed to the different countries . 674 00:27:43,310 --> 00:27:45,477 I know the U . S . When I was there in 675 00:27:45,477 --> 00:27:49,370 brazil last week It was uh 676 00:27:49,380 --> 00:27:52,390 donating Astrazeneca 2.2 million doses 677 00:27:52,390 --> 00:27:54,730 of vaccine while we were there . So I 678 00:27:54,740 --> 00:27:57,710 continued work that we have to do . But 679 00:27:57,710 --> 00:28:00,730 you know when you when you look at the 680 00:28:00,740 --> 00:28:03,070 effects of that and then you talk about 681 00:28:03,070 --> 00:28:05,126 the project . So if you're if you're 682 00:28:05,126 --> 00:28:07,070 having a problem with your economy 683 00:28:07,070 --> 00:28:09,740 already and uh when the chinese come 684 00:28:09,740 --> 00:28:11,907 with the belt and road initiative with 685 00:28:11,907 --> 00:28:14,129 projects and money and they're ready to 686 00:28:14,129 --> 00:28:16,260 start , uh , it looks very attractive 687 00:28:16,260 --> 00:28:18,970 and uh , to some of our countries that 688 00:28:18,970 --> 00:28:21,320 are having a hard time with their 689 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:23,980 economies . And so certainly though 690 00:28:23,980 --> 00:28:27,010 there are , uh , what I see over time , 691 00:28:27,010 --> 00:28:29,177 it will be interesting . Like I said , 692 00:28:29,177 --> 00:28:31,399 I've only been in the seat five weeks , 693 00:28:31,399 --> 00:28:33,566 but as I go through this and I see the 694 00:28:33,566 --> 00:28:35,288 things that that the different 695 00:28:35,288 --> 00:28:37,177 countries sign up for , there's a 696 00:28:37,177 --> 00:28:39,490 buyer's remorse at some point because , 697 00:28:39,500 --> 00:28:41,667 you know , the host nation workers are 698 00:28:41,667 --> 00:28:43,500 not used for these belt and road 699 00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:46,110 initiative chinese workers come in and 700 00:28:46,110 --> 00:28:48,850 then that all uh , in my mind helps 701 00:28:48,850 --> 00:28:52,220 with the spread of the um , of the 702 00:28:52,230 --> 00:28:55,400 PRC and the military bases and the 703 00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:58,180 state owned enterprises that that china 704 00:28:58,180 --> 00:29:02,000 has and is using throughout our a . O . 705 00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:05,600 R in latin America just to 706 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:09,120 follow up on that one 707 00:29:09,130 --> 00:29:11,510 uh , way in which the United States 708 00:29:11,510 --> 00:29:15,280 might uh combat this , attempt to draw 709 00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:17,113 countries into the belt and road 710 00:29:17,113 --> 00:29:19,970 initiative into china's economic agenda 711 00:29:19,980 --> 00:29:22,900 is greater sharing of 712 00:29:22,910 --> 00:29:26,870 technology ideas relationships . 713 00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:29,330 Uh , there's an interesting component 714 00:29:29,330 --> 00:29:31,330 of august that I want to talk about 715 00:29:31,330 --> 00:29:33,441 further , which is really about broad 716 00:29:33,441 --> 00:29:36,370 technology sharing . But we have a US 717 00:29:36,380 --> 00:29:39,510 eU uh , council that met in in 718 00:29:39,510 --> 00:29:41,800 Pittsburgh where technology discussions 719 00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:44,022 were a big part of it . Same thing with 720 00:29:44,022 --> 00:29:46,078 a quad . We don't have anything like 721 00:29:46,078 --> 00:29:48,790 that that I know of uh , with our own 722 00:29:48,790 --> 00:29:50,957 hemisphere . And I'm wondering whether 723 00:29:50,957 --> 00:29:52,901 you think that's a missing piece , 724 00:29:52,901 --> 00:29:54,679 brazil's pretty technologically 725 00:29:54,679 --> 00:29:56,734 advanced country . It's got a lot of 726 00:29:56,734 --> 00:29:58,734 things that we probably ought to be 727 00:29:58,734 --> 00:30:00,957 talking with them about . Would that be 728 00:30:00,957 --> 00:30:03,179 a good idea ? Do you think ? I think it 729 00:30:03,179 --> 00:30:05,457 would be a good idea ? And uh you know , 730 00:30:05,457 --> 00:30:07,679 if you don't mind , I'd just like to uh 731 00:30:07,679 --> 00:30:09,457 just talk briefly about one the 732 00:30:09,457 --> 00:30:11,623 proximity of this , you know , David , 733 00:30:11,623 --> 00:30:13,623 you said backyard . I'd like to use 734 00:30:13,623 --> 00:30:15,568 neighborhood because neighborhoods 735 00:30:15,568 --> 00:30:18,100 resonates with our allies and partners 736 00:30:18,100 --> 00:30:20,770 in Latin America . Uh , and the 737 00:30:20,780 --> 00:30:24,210 proximity to our homeland uh , here in 738 00:30:24,210 --> 00:30:26,432 the United States , folks don't realize 739 00:30:26,432 --> 00:30:30,390 how close uh the south com kor 740 00:30:30,390 --> 00:30:32,446 and all of these 31 countries in the 741 00:30:32,446 --> 00:30:34,334 Caribbean central America . South 742 00:30:34,334 --> 00:30:36,590 America . I can go to 83% of the 743 00:30:36,590 --> 00:30:39,120 countries in the south com kor uh in a 744 00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:41,120 shorter time distance . And it took 745 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,231 most of you to come from D . C . Here 746 00:30:43,231 --> 00:30:45,064 to this forum . And uh and I was 747 00:30:45,064 --> 00:30:47,120 talking to my father , my my parents 748 00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:49,940 are still living and I went to visit 749 00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:52,162 Colombia . My father was like , are you 750 00:30:52,162 --> 00:30:54,218 in the same time zone ? Like how far 751 00:30:54,218 --> 00:30:56,440 away are you ? How long did it take you 752 00:30:56,440 --> 00:30:58,607 to get there ? And I said dad , you're 753 00:30:58,607 --> 00:31:00,773 in colorado . I can get here faster to 754 00:31:00,773 --> 00:31:02,884 Columbia and then I can to colorado . 755 00:31:02,884 --> 00:31:04,829 Uh and I'm on the same time zone , 756 00:31:04,829 --> 00:31:06,996 Eastern , you know Eastern time zone , 757 00:31:06,996 --> 00:31:09,162 uh didn't even change time zones . You 758 00:31:09,162 --> 00:31:11,218 just think about the proximity , but 759 00:31:11,218 --> 00:31:13,329 when you think about what is in latin 760 00:31:13,329 --> 00:31:15,530 America uh in terms of the amazon , 761 00:31:15,530 --> 00:31:17,641 they call it the lungs of the world , 762 00:31:17,940 --> 00:31:21,360 You have 31% of the world's fresh water 763 00:31:21,370 --> 00:31:24,500 is in Latin America , You have the 764 00:31:24,500 --> 00:31:26,880 lithium , 60% of the lithium in the 765 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:28,824 world is in the lithium triangle , 766 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:32,400 Argentina , Bolivia , chile . Uh you've 767 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:34,344 got a lot of rare earth minerals , 768 00:31:34,344 --> 00:31:37,430 resources and capabilities that in my 769 00:31:37,430 --> 00:31:40,470 mind go hand in hand with what the 770 00:31:40,470 --> 00:31:42,470 chinese are doing with the belt and 771 00:31:42,470 --> 00:31:44,740 road initiative and expanding their 772 00:31:44,740 --> 00:31:46,962 reach into latin America just like they 773 00:31:46,962 --> 00:31:49,380 did in africa . And so a lot of folks 774 00:31:49,380 --> 00:31:51,520 don't understand the all of the rich 775 00:31:51,520 --> 00:31:53,650 resources that are really there in 776 00:31:53,660 --> 00:31:55,680 Latin America and in our Western 777 00:31:55,680 --> 00:31:57,930 hemisphere in terms of trade , I'll 778 00:31:57,930 --> 00:32:00,041 just talk about trade if I talk about 779 00:32:00,041 --> 00:32:01,930 Western hemisphere add Canada and 780 00:32:01,930 --> 00:32:05,680 Mexico to it 1.9 trillion . Uh 781 00:32:05,690 --> 00:32:08,710 Western hemisphere as us is a number 782 00:32:08,710 --> 00:32:11,560 one trading partner with 1.9 trillion . 783 00:32:12,010 --> 00:32:14,370 And so it's just it's off the charts 784 00:32:14,370 --> 00:32:18,130 what with the SEO AR offers . Uh and so 785 00:32:18,130 --> 00:32:20,186 just I want to share that because as 786 00:32:20,186 --> 00:32:22,460 I've learned all of the great things 787 00:32:22,460 --> 00:32:26,150 about this region um I think it's very 788 00:32:26,150 --> 00:32:29,030 vulnerable and so that goes to the 789 00:32:29,030 --> 00:32:31,370 point of why we have to be present all 790 00:32:31,370 --> 00:32:33,680 the time . Working really closely using 791 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:36,140 all the levers available to work with 792 00:32:36,140 --> 00:32:38,510 our partners as they deal with these 793 00:32:38,510 --> 00:32:41,890 cross cutting challenges dr in Baden , 794 00:32:41,890 --> 00:32:44,770 I want to continue on this question of 795 00:32:45,140 --> 00:32:48,510 um , technology partnerships as the 796 00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:51,320 next phase in our strategic 797 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:52,876 partnerships that the biden 798 00:32:52,876 --> 00:32:55,098 administration thinks it has a big idea 799 00:32:55,098 --> 00:32:58,270 here that this network that includes 800 00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:02,190 august , the quad , us eu dialogues is 801 00:33:02,190 --> 00:33:04,640 going to stitch together what over time 802 00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:08,750 they imagine is a kind of alliance of 803 00:33:08,850 --> 00:33:11,180 technologically advanced democracies , 804 00:33:11,180 --> 00:33:13,500 quasi democracies . But that's that's 805 00:33:13,500 --> 00:33:15,500 the big idea that they're trying to 806 00:33:15,500 --> 00:33:18,430 frame . You've been thinking about 807 00:33:18,430 --> 00:33:21,780 studying appliances like this for a 808 00:33:21,780 --> 00:33:24,010 long time . Do you think this is a good 809 00:33:24,010 --> 00:33:27,420 idea ? Eh b do you think it's realistic 810 00:33:27,420 --> 00:33:29,900 when we have countries like France like 811 00:33:29,900 --> 00:33:32,630 India that are pretty resistant to some 812 00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:35,980 forms of cooperation and what would you 813 00:33:35,980 --> 00:33:38,036 do if it is a good idea , what would 814 00:33:38,036 --> 00:33:40,258 you do to make it better ? I think it's 815 00:33:40,258 --> 00:33:42,258 a great idea . I again , I strongly 816 00:33:42,258 --> 00:33:44,480 strongly affirm it . And this goes back 817 00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:46,591 to thinking about , you know , in our 818 00:33:46,591 --> 00:33:48,702 area of , you know , new era of great 819 00:33:48,702 --> 00:33:50,869 power competition . What are America's 820 00:33:50,869 --> 00:33:52,924 asymmetric advantages and two of the 821 00:33:52,924 --> 00:33:55,091 big asymmetric advantages that we have 822 00:33:55,091 --> 00:33:56,980 that , you know , china and , and 823 00:33:56,980 --> 00:33:58,924 Russia for example , largely don't 824 00:33:58,924 --> 00:34:01,147 first is our alliances . Um , and if we 825 00:34:01,147 --> 00:34:03,369 doubt that . Just look at the view from 826 00:34:03,369 --> 00:34:03,070 Beijing or Moscow . Right . If you're 827 00:34:03,070 --> 00:34:04,910 she Jinping who are your closest 828 00:34:04,910 --> 00:34:07,090 friends in your neighborhood ? Well , 829 00:34:07,100 --> 00:34:09,820 maybe north Korea maybe cambodia , it's 830 00:34:09,820 --> 00:34:11,709 not a very good list , right ? If 831 00:34:11,709 --> 00:34:13,709 you're Putin , who are your closest 832 00:34:13,709 --> 00:34:15,931 friends , belarus , maybe Serbia , this 833 00:34:15,931 --> 00:34:18,098 is why those guys are spending so much 834 00:34:18,098 --> 00:34:20,209 time trying to , you know , split and 835 00:34:20,209 --> 00:34:22,264 break apart and undermine and weaken 836 00:34:22,264 --> 00:34:24,098 our alliances is even if America 837 00:34:24,098 --> 00:34:26,153 doesn't appreciate how how important 838 00:34:26,153 --> 00:34:28,264 our alliances are the bad guys do and 839 00:34:28,264 --> 00:34:30,376 that gets to the technology part that 840 00:34:30,376 --> 00:34:32,487 you were that you were asking about . 841 00:34:32,487 --> 00:34:32,150 And this is our second big advantages . 842 00:34:32,150 --> 00:34:34,490 The United States is still all things 843 00:34:34,490 --> 00:34:36,323 considered the world's leader in 844 00:34:36,323 --> 00:34:38,490 technology and innovation . You know , 845 00:34:38,490 --> 00:34:40,490 we're losing our edge in some areas 846 00:34:40,490 --> 00:34:42,601 that this is nothing to be complacent 847 00:34:42,601 --> 00:34:44,657 about . And yet there's a tremendous 848 00:34:44,657 --> 00:34:46,712 multiplier effect , both in terms of 849 00:34:46,712 --> 00:34:48,823 supply chain security and there was a 850 00:34:48,823 --> 00:34:48,750 great panel on that , you know , just 851 00:34:48,760 --> 00:34:51,720 just before us here uh and also in , 852 00:34:51,720 --> 00:34:53,664 you know , thinking about the next 853 00:34:53,664 --> 00:34:56,400 generation of weapons platforms and 854 00:34:56,410 --> 00:34:58,466 essentially being able to deepen our 855 00:34:58,466 --> 00:35:00,354 alliances through this technology 856 00:35:00,354 --> 00:35:02,590 sharing in partnerships and gain a real 857 00:35:02,590 --> 00:35:04,812 advantage over over our adversaries and 858 00:35:04,812 --> 00:35:06,812 here to invoke our our namesake . I 859 00:35:06,812 --> 00:35:08,979 think there's a great precedent in the 860 00:35:08,979 --> 00:35:10,923 Reagan administration's playbook , 861 00:35:10,923 --> 00:35:12,979 right , is a it wasn't just Reagan's 862 00:35:12,979 --> 00:35:15,257 deep personal commitment to the allies , 863 00:35:15,257 --> 00:35:17,312 although that was a big part of it , 864 00:35:17,312 --> 00:35:19,479 but it was the technology sharing that 865 00:35:19,479 --> 00:35:19,430 was going on uh you know , with the 866 00:35:19,430 --> 00:35:21,652 strategic defense initiative , bringing 867 00:35:21,652 --> 00:35:23,652 japan in as an important partner in 868 00:35:23,652 --> 00:35:25,763 that bringing the United Kingdom in , 869 00:35:25,763 --> 00:35:25,140 it is an important partner in that 870 00:35:25,140 --> 00:35:27,251 bringing , bringing West West Germany 871 00:35:27,251 --> 00:35:29,196 and right because President Reagan 872 00:35:29,196 --> 00:35:30,807 realized it's not just about 873 00:35:30,807 --> 00:35:32,862 outspending the Soviets , it's about 874 00:35:32,862 --> 00:35:35,029 smarting them and we can outsmart them 875 00:35:35,029 --> 00:35:37,140 with better weapons if we are working 876 00:35:37,140 --> 00:35:39,251 with our allies and leveraging that , 877 00:35:39,251 --> 00:35:41,140 that joint those joint technology 878 00:35:41,140 --> 00:35:42,973 advantages even with a difficult 879 00:35:42,973 --> 00:35:45,084 country like France , which you asked 880 00:35:45,084 --> 00:35:44,280 about . And again , there are always a 881 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:46,613 little bit of the outlier and they were , 882 00:35:46,613 --> 00:35:48,724 you know , they had already withdrawn 883 00:35:48,724 --> 00:35:48,500 from the NATO military command by time 884 00:35:48,500 --> 00:35:50,730 Reagan came along . But as David is a 885 00:35:50,730 --> 00:35:52,897 great , uh , you know , in some ways , 886 00:35:52,897 --> 00:35:55,119 historian of the intelligence community 887 00:35:55,119 --> 00:35:57,730 will no one of our best uh , most 888 00:35:57,730 --> 00:35:59,952 successful intelligence programs in the 889 00:35:59,952 --> 00:36:01,841 entire Cold War came from a great 890 00:36:01,841 --> 00:36:04,063 technology partnership with France over 891 00:36:04,063 --> 00:36:06,286 the farewell dossier . Right ? Um , and 892 00:36:06,286 --> 00:36:06,260 again , you know , a great book that , 893 00:36:06,260 --> 00:36:08,316 that can be , that can be written on 894 00:36:08,316 --> 00:36:10,482 that . And so even if there's gonna be 895 00:36:10,482 --> 00:36:12,649 other frictions at the surface level , 896 00:36:12,649 --> 00:36:14,871 there can be some deep , quiet , potent 897 00:36:14,871 --> 00:36:14,850 uh , joint joint cooperation on the 898 00:36:14,850 --> 00:36:16,850 tech on the tech front . So I think 899 00:36:16,850 --> 00:36:19,017 there's a great precedent for the been 900 00:36:19,017 --> 00:36:21,183 administration to take a page from the 901 00:36:21,183 --> 00:36:23,294 Reagan playbook and and miscreant . I 902 00:36:23,294 --> 00:36:25,461 want to ask you to , to close out this 903 00:36:25,461 --> 00:36:25,450 discussion about technology 904 00:36:25,450 --> 00:36:28,180 partnerships because you really are at 905 00:36:28,180 --> 00:36:30,291 the cutting edge of that in a company 906 00:36:30,291 --> 00:36:32,580 like like Boeing um , this 907 00:36:32,580 --> 00:36:35,880 administration sometimes speaks 908 00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:38,090 language that we associate with 909 00:36:38,100 --> 00:36:40,930 industrial policy , um , kind of 910 00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:43,930 centrally managed White house directed 911 00:36:43,940 --> 00:36:47,550 efforts to mobilize direct the 912 00:36:47,930 --> 00:36:51,350 the private sector . Do you worry about 913 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:54,420 that ? Um Taking all the obvious 914 00:36:54,420 --> 00:36:56,476 benefits that all the panelists have 915 00:36:56,476 --> 00:36:58,198 noted about about this kind of 916 00:36:58,198 --> 00:37:00,253 cooperation . Do you worry about two 917 00:37:00,253 --> 00:37:02,420 heavier hand and are are you trying to 918 00:37:02,420 --> 00:37:04,587 express that as a company and and make 919 00:37:04,587 --> 00:37:06,809 sure that you still have the freedom to 920 00:37:06,809 --> 00:37:09,590 operate and be innovative ? Um uh 921 00:37:09,600 --> 00:37:11,810 outside of whatever alliances and 922 00:37:11,810 --> 00:37:14,400 partnerships evolve in the technology 923 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:16,980 sphere ? Well , I'll build on some of 924 00:37:16,980 --> 00:37:20,480 Will's remarks with regard to the the 925 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,980 allies uh that interoperability 926 00:37:23,990 --> 00:37:26,420 working together the collaboration uh 927 00:37:26,430 --> 00:37:28,160 There are different types of 928 00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:30,216 relationships between the U . S . Uh 929 00:37:30,216 --> 00:37:32,410 and different partner nations . And 930 00:37:32,410 --> 00:37:34,632 what we have seen in august is a really 931 00:37:34,632 --> 00:37:36,354 great example of this . Is the 932 00:37:36,354 --> 00:37:38,577 conversation starting to turn about the 933 00:37:38,577 --> 00:37:41,270 sharing of technology uh and how do we 934 00:37:41,270 --> 00:37:43,603 do that within the appropriate channels ? 935 00:37:43,603 --> 00:37:45,620 And what I've actually seen the 936 00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:48,530 department do and has been working on 937 00:37:48,530 --> 00:37:50,900 this for a period of time , which is to 938 00:37:50,900 --> 00:37:53,178 understand what those technologies are , 939 00:37:53,178 --> 00:37:55,233 where is their comfort and release , 940 00:37:55,233 --> 00:37:57,122 how do we simplify that process ? 941 00:37:57,122 --> 00:37:59,344 Because probably one of the the biggest 942 00:37:59,344 --> 00:38:01,567 opportunities we have in front of us is 943 00:38:01,567 --> 00:38:03,890 when we are offering a new system , a 944 00:38:03,890 --> 00:38:05,890 new , you know , a new technology , 945 00:38:05,890 --> 00:38:08,410 whatever it may be . Um what is that 946 00:38:08,410 --> 00:38:10,466 benefit to that Ally nation ? How do 947 00:38:10,466 --> 00:38:12,890 they get the maximum benefit from it ? 948 00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:15,410 And then how do we make sure from a 949 00:38:15,410 --> 00:38:17,632 sharing perspective , we can each learn 950 00:38:17,632 --> 00:38:19,720 from each other . So an easy example 951 00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:21,831 that won't , you know , cause anybody 952 00:38:21,831 --> 00:38:25,400 to , you know , too much stress . 953 00:38:26,420 --> 00:38:28,642 What about when we're testing out a new 954 00:38:28,642 --> 00:38:30,864 system and what level of testing has on 955 00:38:30,864 --> 00:38:33,320 gone here within the US or what is 956 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:35,320 needed on a different for that same 957 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:37,431 weapon system or a slightly different 958 00:38:37,431 --> 00:38:39,598 variants of it um in another country , 959 00:38:39,598 --> 00:38:41,431 how do we share in certification 960 00:38:41,431 --> 00:38:43,542 efforts ? You know , a lot of what we 961 00:38:43,542 --> 00:38:45,709 have opportunity here to do is to make 962 00:38:45,709 --> 00:38:47,653 certain that we're able to deliver 963 00:38:47,653 --> 00:38:49,830 capability faster . And so what I'm 964 00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:51,886 impressed with is we are starting to 965 00:38:51,886 --> 00:38:53,830 have those very real conversations 966 00:38:53,830 --> 00:38:55,886 already . I think august is actually 967 00:38:55,886 --> 00:38:58,052 going to accelerate because it's going 968 00:38:58,052 --> 00:38:59,886 to bring in some certain country 969 00:38:59,886 --> 00:39:02,108 relationships that are going to give us 970 00:39:02,108 --> 00:39:04,163 a benefit to working together and to 971 00:39:04,163 --> 00:39:06,480 that cooperative partnering , that's 972 00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:10,020 that's helpful . So uh and equally , no , 973 00:39:10,030 --> 00:39:13,760 probably top of mind for most people in 974 00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:15,871 this audience , when they think about 975 00:39:15,871 --> 00:39:18,790 strategic dangers , is Taiwan and the 976 00:39:18,790 --> 00:39:21,570 potential chinese threat to deliver on 977 00:39:21,570 --> 00:39:24,410 their repeated statement that that they 978 00:39:24,410 --> 00:39:27,340 intend to reunify By one with the 979 00:39:27,340 --> 00:39:30,280 mainland . And I want to ask you 980 00:39:30,290 --> 00:39:33,350 straight up what is the United States 981 00:39:33,350 --> 00:39:36,250 doing to strengthen Taiwan's ability to 982 00:39:36,260 --> 00:39:39,180 defend itself against , what china 983 00:39:39,180 --> 00:39:43,150 announces is its goal . Thanks David . 984 00:39:44,220 --> 00:39:47,340 So we are doing what we have been doing 985 00:39:47,340 --> 00:39:50,890 since 1979 at the passage of the Taiwan 986 00:39:50,890 --> 00:39:53,057 Relations Act followed up by the three 987 00:39:53,057 --> 00:39:55,540 communiques and the six assurances . We 988 00:39:55,540 --> 00:39:57,596 are contributing for the ability for 989 00:39:57,596 --> 00:39:59,651 Taiwan to defend itself . That's the 990 00:39:59,651 --> 00:40:01,873 responsibility and the task that's been 991 00:40:01,873 --> 00:40:04,370 provided to me . Uh And we are 992 00:40:04,370 --> 00:40:06,259 operating in accordance with both 993 00:40:06,259 --> 00:40:09,630 policy and law . So ah 994 00:40:10,310 --> 00:40:12,680 we have consultations , we do training 995 00:40:12,850 --> 00:40:14,961 and like I said , we've done the same 996 00:40:14,961 --> 00:40:17,072 things . Despite what you read in the 997 00:40:17,072 --> 00:40:20,110 press on doing different things . We 998 00:40:20,110 --> 00:40:22,460 are not , we are doing exactly what we 999 00:40:22,460 --> 00:40:24,682 have been tasked in accordance with the 1000 00:40:24,682 --> 00:40:28,440 law and the U . S . Policy . So I want 1001 00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:30,700 to ask you to take that a little bit 1002 00:40:30,700 --> 00:40:34,350 further . Um one 1003 00:40:34,350 --> 00:40:38,320 issue obviously is what 1004 00:40:38,330 --> 00:40:42,020 weapons will best help Taiwan 1005 00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:45,340 defend itself against and increasingly 1006 00:40:45,340 --> 00:40:48,620 sophisticated chinese threat . I 1007 00:40:48,630 --> 00:40:50,186 mentioned to you before our 1008 00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:52,058 conversation , there was a very 1009 00:40:52,058 --> 00:40:54,224 interesting article in the journal War 1010 00:40:54,224 --> 00:40:56,391 on the Rocks that I'm sure many in the 1011 00:40:56,391 --> 00:40:59,690 audience read that several weeks ago 1012 00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:03,790 asked is Taiwan buying the right things 1013 00:41:03,790 --> 00:41:06,068 for its defense against this adversary . 1014 00:41:06,068 --> 00:41:08,900 It's buying more subs traditional 1015 00:41:08,900 --> 00:41:11,122 legacy systems as they're called . More 1016 00:41:11,122 --> 00:41:14,570 subs more jets doesn't need more 1017 00:41:14,580 --> 00:41:17,860 swarms of drones . More weapons that 1018 00:41:17,860 --> 00:41:20,410 would complicate the chinese 1019 00:41:20,410 --> 00:41:23,000 adversaries planning . Obviously you're 1020 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:26,000 not buying weapons for for Taiwan . But 1021 00:41:26,010 --> 00:41:28,232 but I'm curious about whether you think 1022 00:41:28,232 --> 00:41:31,800 there are ways that uh jointly the U . 1023 00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:34,450 S . And Taiwan can think about new 1024 00:41:34,450 --> 00:41:36,810 systems , not the traditional hardware 1025 00:41:36,810 --> 00:41:39,370 that we've had , You know , going 1026 00:41:39,380 --> 00:41:41,340 through the Taiwan strait standing 1027 00:41:41,340 --> 00:41:43,570 offshore , but but different kinds of 1028 00:41:43,570 --> 00:41:46,340 things that speak better to the ability 1029 00:41:46,340 --> 00:41:48,600 to deter this very advanced adversary . 1030 00:41:48,760 --> 00:41:50,760 Yeah . Thanks , David . Certainly , 1031 00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:53,020 Taiwan is currently under pressure as 1032 00:41:53,020 --> 00:41:55,330 you've read about . And we've seen uh 1033 00:41:55,710 --> 00:41:57,877 over the past number of months and you 1034 00:41:57,877 --> 00:42:00,850 could argue years recently , we've seen 1035 00:42:00,860 --> 00:42:04,240 extensive maritime pressure . We've 1036 00:42:04,240 --> 00:42:07,490 seen air pressures or pressures in the 1037 00:42:07,490 --> 00:42:09,740 air domain , certainly in the cyber 1038 00:42:09,740 --> 00:42:12,810 domain , uh honesty undersea above the 1039 00:42:12,810 --> 00:42:14,820 sea . That's a pretty tough 1040 00:42:14,820 --> 00:42:18,040 neighborhood and we execute our 1041 00:42:18,040 --> 00:42:20,590 responsibility . We talked to the to 1042 00:42:20,590 --> 00:42:23,210 Taiwan about capabilities that we think 1043 00:42:23,210 --> 00:42:26,820 will be beneficial . That said they get 1044 00:42:26,820 --> 00:42:29,480 to choose and because there are numbers 1045 00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:32,230 of challenges , they're gonna have to 1046 00:42:32,230 --> 00:42:34,452 figure out how to decide which of those 1047 00:42:34,452 --> 00:42:36,563 capabilities they want to invest in . 1048 00:42:36,910 --> 00:42:38,743 And with the help of the defense 1049 00:42:38,743 --> 00:42:41,210 industry , we hope to put those 1050 00:42:41,210 --> 00:42:43,210 capabilities in their hands so that 1051 00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:45,550 they can ultimately defend themselves 1052 00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:49,222 in accordance with the Taiwan relations 1053 00:42:49,222 --> 00:42:52,950 act . So , uh we'll come 1054 00:42:52,950 --> 00:42:55,490 back again to china . But I want to 1055 00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:58,560 turn to to General Richardson ask about 1056 00:42:58,590 --> 00:43:02,460 part of the challenge in in the 1057 00:43:02,470 --> 00:43:04,670 Western hemisphere , in the countries 1058 00:43:04,670 --> 00:43:06,750 that are in your A . O . R . That's 1059 00:43:06,750 --> 00:43:09,450 very hard to get your arms around , but 1060 00:43:09,460 --> 00:43:11,940 it seems central to their security 1061 00:43:11,940 --> 00:43:15,780 issues and that's corruption of which 1062 00:43:15,790 --> 00:43:18,630 Narco trafficking is the most visible 1063 00:43:18,630 --> 00:43:21,120 part . But sometimes you look at these 1064 00:43:21,120 --> 00:43:23,176 countries and you worry that they're 1065 00:43:23,176 --> 00:43:25,730 just being eaten from inside out , 1066 00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:28,544 You're a combatant commander ? You 1067 00:43:28,544 --> 00:43:30,656 don't run a drug enforcement agency . 1068 00:43:30,656 --> 00:43:32,711 But are there ways that you can help 1069 00:43:32,711 --> 00:43:35,100 these countries deal with corruption 1070 00:43:35,100 --> 00:43:37,590 problems that really do seem in some 1071 00:43:37,590 --> 00:43:40,510 cases to erode the the integrity of the 1072 00:43:40,510 --> 00:43:44,230 state institutions . Yeah , so um 1073 00:43:44,240 --> 00:43:46,780 that's a really good question and I'm 1074 00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:48,623 more than happy to talk about it 1075 00:43:48,623 --> 00:43:50,234 because I think the what the 1076 00:43:50,234 --> 00:43:52,290 transnational criminal organizations 1077 00:43:52,290 --> 00:43:56,050 and this problem uh in this in 1078 00:43:56,050 --> 00:43:58,750 the Western hemisphere creates the 1079 00:43:58,750 --> 00:44:02,010 wedge for corruption , poverty , 1080 00:44:02,390 --> 00:44:05,380 crime , all of those things to flourish . 1081 00:44:05,380 --> 00:44:08,930 And then it allows great opportunity 1082 00:44:08,930 --> 00:44:12,330 for our our competitors to come in and 1083 00:44:12,330 --> 00:44:14,441 capitalize upon that . So I mentioned 1084 00:44:14,441 --> 00:44:16,552 Covid before and then you add this on 1085 00:44:16,552 --> 00:44:19,030 top of it , It's a $90 billion dollar 1086 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:22,080 business that these transnational 1087 00:44:22,080 --> 00:44:24,358 criminal organizations are involved in . 1088 00:44:24,358 --> 00:44:26,520 It's very serious . The impact in the 1089 00:44:26,520 --> 00:44:30,110 United States is 100,000 deaths a year . 1090 00:44:30,690 --> 00:44:34,260 Uh So we are being impacted by this as 1091 00:44:34,260 --> 00:44:37,740 well . And so um make no mistake it 1092 00:44:37,740 --> 00:44:39,962 affects all of us . And it , you know , 1093 00:44:39,962 --> 00:44:41,851 back to my point about the shared 1094 00:44:41,851 --> 00:44:44,129 neighborhood and the proximity matters . 1095 00:44:44,129 --> 00:44:47,050 Uh it absolutely matters . I'm very 1096 00:44:47,050 --> 00:44:49,150 proud of the organization that that 1097 00:44:49,150 --> 00:44:51,150 south com has underneath it . Joint 1098 00:44:51,150 --> 00:44:53,730 interagency task force , south of South 1099 00:44:53,730 --> 00:44:56,790 for short Out of key West . And I'm 1100 00:44:56,790 --> 00:44:58,623 sure many of you know about that 1101 00:44:58,623 --> 00:45:01,420 organization . But the fact that I mean 1102 00:45:01,430 --> 00:45:05,300 in my mind is a is a obviously a best 1103 00:45:05,300 --> 00:45:07,970 practice . 16 law enforcement agencies 1104 00:45:07,970 --> 00:45:11,940 are are within Uh that um that 1105 00:45:11,940 --> 00:45:15,870 command 22 partner nations . And so 1106 00:45:15,870 --> 00:45:17,870 as I talked about earlier about the 1107 00:45:17,870 --> 00:45:20,037 exercises and working with our partner 1108 00:45:20,037 --> 00:45:22,259 nations , making them stronger training 1109 00:45:22,259 --> 00:45:25,970 them to do help themselves . Is that 1110 00:45:25,980 --> 00:45:29,810 we think that we can see uh 1111 00:45:30,190 --> 00:45:33,010 About 10% of the entire problem . 1112 00:45:34,290 --> 00:45:37,620 And within that 10% of our partner 1113 00:45:37,620 --> 00:45:41,190 nations are about 60 uh 1114 00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:43,560 conducting their own introductions . 1115 00:45:44,090 --> 00:45:46,950 And so we help with detection and 1116 00:45:46,950 --> 00:45:49,970 monitoring and actionable information 1117 00:45:49,980 --> 00:45:52,036 that with those partner nations that 1118 00:45:52,036 --> 00:45:54,091 are with RJ out of South and our law 1119 00:45:54,091 --> 00:45:57,130 enforcement agencies uh that that is a 1120 00:45:57,140 --> 00:46:00,050 that's a good news story . Uh and the 1121 00:46:00,050 --> 00:46:02,910 fact that we can share that actionable 1122 00:46:02,910 --> 00:46:04,910 information in order for them to do 1123 00:46:04,910 --> 00:46:07,510 their their own interdictions uh is 1124 00:46:07,510 --> 00:46:10,100 really tremendous , Tremendous . But 1125 00:46:10,110 --> 00:46:12,110 it's a big problem . As I said , we 1126 00:46:12,110 --> 00:46:14,166 think we're only getting after about 1127 00:46:14,166 --> 00:46:16,277 10% of the problem and generally what 1128 00:46:16,277 --> 00:46:18,660 comes uh in the what's in the south com 1129 00:46:18,720 --> 00:46:22,720 hor ends up in our in our 1130 00:46:22,720 --> 00:46:25,130 homeland . And so I think quite 1131 00:46:25,130 --> 00:46:27,280 honestly we have to continue to take 1132 00:46:27,280 --> 00:46:29,447 that very seriously , continue to work 1133 00:46:29,447 --> 00:46:31,620 with our partner nations . Uh the 1134 00:46:31,620 --> 00:46:34,530 capabilities that that I need in my 1135 00:46:34,530 --> 00:46:37,770 command to be able to see obviously is 1136 00:46:37,770 --> 00:46:41,000 very important . And uh so we use very 1137 00:46:41,000 --> 00:46:43,180 nonstandard in some cases because of 1138 00:46:43,180 --> 00:46:46,760 the the ability to not get enough . We 1139 00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:49,000 use a lot of non standard ways of being 1140 00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:52,120 able to find the information , use the 1141 00:46:52,120 --> 00:46:54,430 information and use it as actionable 1142 00:46:54,440 --> 00:46:58,000 information . We've gotten some 1143 00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:01,940 good questions from uh our 1144 00:47:01,940 --> 00:47:04,051 audience from all over , I don't know 1145 00:47:04,051 --> 00:47:06,162 where they come from , but they're on 1146 00:47:06,162 --> 00:47:08,273 my screen and I'm going to ask one of 1147 00:47:08,273 --> 00:47:10,384 them to dr Imboden because it gets us 1148 00:47:10,384 --> 00:47:12,551 to an area that's urgently important . 1149 00:47:12,551 --> 00:47:14,607 But we haven't talked about enough . 1150 00:47:14,607 --> 00:47:16,773 The question is given its proximity to 1151 00:47:16,773 --> 00:47:19,310 Russia and threats to Ukraine . How can 1152 00:47:19,310 --> 00:47:22,130 he more strongly encouraged Germany to 1153 00:47:22,130 --> 00:47:24,460 take a bigger role in maintaining 1154 00:47:24,460 --> 00:47:26,980 global security ? And I'm gonna add a 1155 00:47:26,990 --> 00:47:29,360 little add on to that question . Um 1156 00:47:29,370 --> 00:47:32,390 Well , how would you rate the biden 1157 00:47:32,390 --> 00:47:35,620 administration's efforts over these 1158 00:47:35,620 --> 00:47:39,050 recent weeks to deal with this very 1159 00:47:39,050 --> 00:47:42,390 menacing Russian threat on the 1160 00:47:42,390 --> 00:47:44,930 Ukrainian border . Well , putting 1161 00:47:44,930 --> 00:47:46,930 Professor mode on it , if I were to 1162 00:47:46,930 --> 00:47:48,597 give them a grade would be an 1163 00:47:48,597 --> 00:47:50,763 incomplete um but not not trending too 1164 00:47:50,763 --> 00:47:52,986 well . And I were in some ways that the 1165 00:47:52,986 --> 00:47:55,208 biden administration is playing playing 1166 00:47:55,208 --> 00:47:57,319 catch up there , but um , I was , you 1167 00:47:57,319 --> 00:47:59,263 know , critical at the time of the 1168 00:47:59,263 --> 00:48:01,374 decision to waive the nord stream two 1169 00:48:01,374 --> 00:48:03,319 to sanctions , um , understand the 1170 00:48:03,319 --> 00:48:05,486 strategic bet that they were trying to 1171 00:48:05,486 --> 00:48:05,190 make , which is that if we give Germany 1172 00:48:05,190 --> 00:48:07,134 a pass on this because most of the 1173 00:48:07,134 --> 00:48:09,190 pipeline is already built then maybe 1174 00:48:09,190 --> 00:48:11,412 Germany will play ball with us in other 1175 00:48:11,412 --> 00:48:13,634 areas , but it seems to have not uh not 1176 00:48:13,634 --> 00:48:15,634 cultivated anymore goodwill , er um 1177 00:48:15,634 --> 00:48:17,690 cooperation from the Germans and has 1178 00:48:17,690 --> 00:48:19,912 also uh , you know , sent a sign of , I 1179 00:48:19,912 --> 00:48:21,801 think , you know , weakness and a 1180 00:48:21,801 --> 00:48:23,968 failure of deterrence to to to Putin . 1181 00:48:23,968 --> 00:48:26,079 So I'm I'm I'm I'm I'm pretty worried 1182 00:48:26,079 --> 00:48:28,134 again , I'm not privy to whatever is 1183 00:48:28,134 --> 00:48:30,357 going on going on internally . And like 1184 00:48:30,357 --> 00:48:29,860 I said in some ways they're inheriting 1185 00:48:29,860 --> 00:48:32,210 a weekend as far as , you know , the 1186 00:48:32,210 --> 00:48:34,377 last , the last several years have not 1187 00:48:34,377 --> 00:48:35,988 been good for the US Ukraine 1188 00:48:35,988 --> 00:48:37,988 relationship really going beyond to 1189 00:48:37,988 --> 00:48:39,988 transcending the past , the past 33 1190 00:48:39,988 --> 00:48:42,210 administrations now . Um uh and and and 1191 00:48:42,210 --> 00:48:44,099 and it's tough because one of the 1192 00:48:44,099 --> 00:48:46,099 unique aspects of this , you know , 1193 00:48:46,099 --> 00:48:48,321 area of great power competition we have 1194 00:48:48,321 --> 00:48:47,740 as well , china is the first and 1195 00:48:47,740 --> 00:48:49,629 primary threat . Russia is a very 1196 00:48:49,629 --> 00:48:51,796 significant one . And you know , Putin 1197 00:48:51,796 --> 00:48:53,629 is very savvy . It seems like he 1198 00:48:53,629 --> 00:48:55,684 follows american politics and policy 1199 00:48:55,684 --> 00:48:57,629 closer than most of us do . And he 1200 00:48:57,629 --> 00:48:59,851 knows as we're focusing more on china , 1201 00:48:59,851 --> 00:48:59,560 there may be an opening here for him to 1202 00:48:59,570 --> 00:49:01,848 to make a play towards towards Ukraine . 1203 00:49:01,848 --> 00:49:03,848 I do worry about the administration 1204 00:49:03,848 --> 00:49:06,070 perhaps almost kind of deterring itself 1205 00:49:06,070 --> 00:49:08,126 about worrying if they take stronger 1206 00:49:08,126 --> 00:49:10,181 actions to whether it's , you know , 1207 00:49:10,181 --> 00:49:12,126 spending more uh you know , lethal 1208 00:49:12,126 --> 00:49:14,126 weapons to Ukraine or making a more 1209 00:49:14,126 --> 00:49:16,126 explicit defense commitment that it 1210 00:49:16,126 --> 00:49:18,400 could cause an escalation spiral . I do 1211 00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:20,567 think Putin at the end of the day as a 1212 00:49:20,567 --> 00:49:22,344 rational actor is going to take 1213 00:49:22,344 --> 00:49:24,456 everything , everything he can , that 1214 00:49:24,456 --> 00:49:24,450 he seems that he thinks he can get get 1215 00:49:24,450 --> 00:49:26,561 away with it . So I think there needs 1216 00:49:26,561 --> 00:49:28,506 to be more , more clear deterrence 1217 00:49:28,506 --> 00:49:30,506 there . And and any thoughts on the 1218 00:49:30,506 --> 00:49:33,280 specific question raised about Germany , 1219 00:49:33,290 --> 00:49:35,290 we have a new government in Germany 1220 00:49:35,290 --> 00:49:38,100 they seem to to be more interested if 1221 00:49:38,100 --> 00:49:41,630 anything in defense cooperation with 1222 00:49:41,630 --> 00:49:43,519 the United States than Chancellor 1223 00:49:43,519 --> 00:49:45,463 Merkel did interesting even though 1224 00:49:45,463 --> 00:49:47,574 they're more anomaly more left wing , 1225 00:49:47,574 --> 00:49:49,852 what do , what do you think about that ? 1226 00:49:49,852 --> 00:49:48,800 You know , I do think there is a 1227 00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:51,022 potential opportunity there there there 1228 00:49:51,022 --> 00:49:53,244 there there there right there . Defense 1229 00:49:53,244 --> 00:49:55,078 white paper is much more forward 1230 00:49:55,078 --> 00:49:54,600 leaning too hawkish on china for 1231 00:49:54,600 --> 00:49:56,600 example , than a lot of us have had 1232 00:49:56,600 --> 00:49:58,822 expected to see . So I do think there's 1233 00:49:58,822 --> 00:50:00,822 some opportunities there . Uh , and 1234 00:50:00,822 --> 00:50:00,810 again , sorry , you know , to invoke 1235 00:50:00,810 --> 00:50:02,977 our our namesake here . I think Reagan 1236 00:50:02,977 --> 00:50:05,088 had a great model of Paula Dobriansky 1237 00:50:05,088 --> 00:50:07,310 in the front row , played a key role in 1238 00:50:07,310 --> 00:50:09,421 this on the National Security Council 1239 00:50:09,421 --> 00:50:11,643 staff of how to deal with some of these 1240 00:50:11,643 --> 00:50:11,470 complications with Germany . Uh , 1241 00:50:11,620 --> 00:50:14,070 sometimes if an ally is frustrating you 1242 00:50:14,070 --> 00:50:16,126 and not doing not doing enough , you 1243 00:50:16,126 --> 00:50:18,014 can either hit him or hug him and 1244 00:50:18,014 --> 00:50:20,070 sometimes you need to hit them . And 1245 00:50:20,070 --> 00:50:19,440 other times you do need to hug him , 1246 00:50:19,440 --> 00:50:21,440 there can be either , but generally 1247 00:50:21,440 --> 00:50:23,551 with Germany , I do think overall the 1248 00:50:23,551 --> 00:50:25,496 hug him approach that has worked a 1249 00:50:25,496 --> 00:50:27,440 little more in the way that Reagan 1250 00:50:27,440 --> 00:50:27,420 grabbed helmut kohl and hugged him 1251 00:50:27,420 --> 00:50:29,642 tight and got his support for deploying 1252 00:50:29,642 --> 00:50:31,420 the person two's and the ground 1253 00:50:31,420 --> 00:50:33,087 launched cruise missiles over 1254 00:50:33,087 --> 00:50:35,142 tremendous domestic opposition there 1255 00:50:35,142 --> 00:50:37,309 played a key role . And then obviously 1256 00:50:37,309 --> 00:50:39,476 what eventually became the I . N . F . 1257 00:50:39,476 --> 00:50:41,642 Treaty and getting the Soviets to back 1258 00:50:41,642 --> 00:50:43,587 down and and and withdraw withdraw 1259 00:50:43,587 --> 00:50:43,470 there . So I think there's a precedent 1260 00:50:43,480 --> 00:50:45,910 of embracing Germany a little tighter 1261 00:50:45,910 --> 00:50:47,799 but while we're hugging them also 1262 00:50:47,799 --> 00:50:50,100 delivering some some some hard words . 1263 00:50:50,290 --> 00:50:52,457 And since there is this new government 1264 00:50:52,457 --> 00:50:54,512 perhaps a chance , chance for chance 1265 00:50:54,512 --> 00:50:56,734 for a reset at the end of the day , the 1266 00:50:56,734 --> 00:50:58,846 Germany will need to see that it's in 1267 00:50:58,846 --> 00:50:58,460 their own interest to um to take a 1268 00:50:58,460 --> 00:51:00,600 stronger line against Russia . MS . 1269 00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:02,656 Correct . We have two questions from 1270 00:51:02,656 --> 00:51:05,700 our audience that are about the defense 1271 00:51:05,700 --> 00:51:07,880 industry issues and I'm gonna put them 1272 00:51:07,880 --> 00:51:10,330 to you and you choose what in this you 1273 00:51:10,330 --> 00:51:14,260 want to answer or neither . Yeah . 1274 00:51:15,020 --> 00:51:17,240 As the speed of warfare increases , 1275 00:51:17,240 --> 00:51:19,296 what role does technology plan being 1276 00:51:19,296 --> 00:51:23,050 able to leverage alliances ? Um That's 1277 00:51:23,050 --> 00:51:25,490 a complicated one more specific one 1278 00:51:26,060 --> 00:51:28,080 does the current export controls 1279 00:51:28,080 --> 00:51:30,520 framework , support how we need to 1280 00:51:30,520 --> 00:51:32,730 partner with allies . And I assume the 1281 00:51:32,730 --> 00:51:35,490 question is here , are we are we to 1282 00:51:35,490 --> 00:51:37,712 stinting in what in terms of what we're 1283 00:51:37,712 --> 00:51:39,712 willing to share ? You know , stuff 1284 00:51:39,712 --> 00:51:41,768 that you're producing that you think 1285 00:51:41,768 --> 00:51:44,230 you could easily sell ? Uh is that 1286 00:51:44,230 --> 00:51:46,230 something we should we should think 1287 00:51:46,230 --> 00:51:48,174 about . And then second question , 1288 00:51:48,174 --> 00:51:48,140 where are we on the burden sharing 1289 00:51:48,140 --> 00:51:50,251 debate and where does it need to go ? 1290 00:51:50,251 --> 00:51:52,029 How do we balance the defense , 1291 00:51:52,029 --> 00:51:54,196 industrial needs of our allies and our 1292 00:51:54,196 --> 00:51:56,418 industry ? Should the US be buying more 1293 00:51:56,418 --> 00:51:58,473 from our allies ? So pick and choose 1294 00:51:58,473 --> 00:52:00,830 among those ? Well , how about I'll 1295 00:52:00,830 --> 00:52:03,850 start again with where I started on the 1296 00:52:03,860 --> 00:52:05,810 first question you posed , David , 1297 00:52:05,820 --> 00:52:08,050 which is we work . You know , we are an 1298 00:52:08,050 --> 00:52:10,161 extension of the U . S . Government . 1299 00:52:10,161 --> 00:52:12,530 And so from a policy perspective from 1300 00:52:12,530 --> 00:52:15,690 an export perspective we aren't making 1301 00:52:15,690 --> 00:52:18,110 those policy decisions . What we are 1302 00:52:18,110 --> 00:52:20,332 doing is making sure we stay in line to 1303 00:52:20,332 --> 00:52:22,499 what the U . S . Policy is with regard 1304 00:52:22,499 --> 00:52:24,443 to a specific nation country and a 1305 00:52:24,443 --> 00:52:26,610 weapons system . And depending on what 1306 00:52:26,610 --> 00:52:28,832 that weapon system um is there could be 1307 00:52:28,832 --> 00:52:31,100 a lot more latitude in terms of the 1308 00:52:31,100 --> 00:52:33,680 purpose of it , where it can go how 1309 00:52:33,680 --> 00:52:36,110 much how much additional capability it 1310 00:52:36,110 --> 00:52:37,880 can have or have not or what 1311 00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:39,840 restrictions might you know , be 1312 00:52:39,840 --> 00:52:41,840 applied to it , where it may not be 1313 00:52:41,840 --> 00:52:44,280 releasable . What's important for us as 1314 00:52:44,290 --> 00:52:46,780 industry in this entire conversation is 1315 00:52:46,780 --> 00:52:48,947 to make sure that the US government is 1316 00:52:48,947 --> 00:52:51,280 fully informed of what we have to offer , 1317 00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:53,170 understand the development and 1318 00:52:53,170 --> 00:52:55,281 understand which is where we do a lot 1319 00:52:55,281 --> 00:52:57,448 of information sharing on our research 1320 00:52:57,448 --> 00:52:59,559 and development arm in terms of where 1321 00:52:59,559 --> 00:53:01,726 we're taking the future . Now how this 1322 00:53:01,726 --> 00:53:04,110 all becomes relevant in um in this new 1323 00:53:04,110 --> 00:53:06,332 age where and let's be frank , there is 1324 00:53:06,332 --> 00:53:08,277 not gonna be near enough money for 1325 00:53:08,277 --> 00:53:10,332 everybody to do what they need to do 1326 00:53:10,332 --> 00:53:12,554 and the world still needs to figure out 1327 00:53:12,554 --> 00:53:14,610 how to pay for the pandemic . And so 1328 00:53:14,610 --> 00:53:16,777 we're have actually put ourselves back 1329 00:53:16,777 --> 00:53:18,943 in this more for less environment once 1330 00:53:18,943 --> 00:53:18,550 again where there are tough choices 1331 00:53:18,550 --> 00:53:20,661 that need to be made not only here in 1332 00:53:20,661 --> 00:53:23,470 the US but around the world . And so as 1333 00:53:23,470 --> 00:53:25,860 we think about the key , which is if we 1334 00:53:25,860 --> 00:53:27,971 are truly collaborating together , if 1335 00:53:27,971 --> 00:53:29,971 we are truly interoperable with our 1336 00:53:29,971 --> 00:53:32,360 partners and our allies , then what is 1337 00:53:32,360 --> 00:53:34,693 that right level of information sharing ? 1338 00:53:34,693 --> 00:53:36,630 Not only from the key critical 1339 00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:39,070 technologies that may be releasable , 1340 00:53:39,350 --> 00:53:42,370 but how do we get mutual benefit from 1341 00:53:42,370 --> 00:53:44,370 the efforts were undertaking on any 1342 00:53:44,370 --> 00:53:46,990 specific configuration so that we don't 1343 00:53:46,990 --> 00:53:50,030 have to redo re certify rework and 1344 00:53:50,030 --> 00:53:53,350 drive out time and money . Now , one 1345 00:53:53,350 --> 00:53:55,730 way , which we believe you achieve that 1346 00:53:55,790 --> 00:53:58,760 is through the how industry for years 1347 00:53:58,760 --> 00:54:01,110 has been chasing the Defense 1348 00:54:01,110 --> 00:54:03,054 Department's budgets and trying to 1349 00:54:03,054 --> 00:54:05,277 anticipate what that next capability is 1350 00:54:05,277 --> 00:54:07,499 based on , what that next next conflict 1351 00:54:07,499 --> 00:54:10,360 may or may not be . What is even more 1352 00:54:10,360 --> 00:54:12,840 interesting as technology has continued 1353 00:54:12,840 --> 00:54:15,530 to involve is the how how are we 1354 00:54:15,530 --> 00:54:17,641 designing , How are we building ? How 1355 00:54:17,641 --> 00:54:19,950 are we testing ? How are we supporting 1356 00:54:19,950 --> 00:54:22,520 these weapons systems so that they can 1357 00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:25,760 be modernized in a rapid way 1358 00:54:25,770 --> 00:54:28,560 relevant for that nation for that , 1359 00:54:28,740 --> 00:54:31,520 that partner . And so that this starts 1360 00:54:31,520 --> 00:54:33,409 with our investment in the entire 1361 00:54:33,409 --> 00:54:36,010 digital journey and having that digital 1362 00:54:36,010 --> 00:54:39,690 life cycle that is from concept to uh 1363 00:54:39,700 --> 00:54:42,310 support and it takes our development 1364 00:54:42,310 --> 00:54:44,290 programs from a 10 year cycle to 1365 00:54:44,290 --> 00:54:46,580 perhaps from concept to first flight in 1366 00:54:46,590 --> 00:54:48,820 two or three years and when you start 1367 00:54:48,820 --> 00:54:51,980 doing that , the export ability issues 1368 00:54:51,990 --> 00:54:53,934 also take on an entirely different 1369 00:54:53,934 --> 00:54:56,157 conversation because now you're talking 1370 00:54:56,157 --> 00:54:59,050 about what level of digital definition 1371 00:54:59,060 --> 00:55:01,600 are you going to release ? What does 1372 00:55:01,600 --> 00:55:03,600 the U . S . Government want to have 1373 00:55:03,600 --> 00:55:06,110 more control around And how do we build 1374 00:55:06,110 --> 00:55:08,690 upon that to keep these weapons systems 1375 00:55:08,690 --> 00:55:11,790 relevant for the future fight ? And so 1376 00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:14,160 I think it's actually um none of the 1377 00:55:14,160 --> 00:55:16,570 questions you posed were easy nor they , 1378 00:55:16,580 --> 00:55:18,747 you know , simple . Yes . No answers . 1379 00:55:18,747 --> 00:55:20,520 What I would say is that it as 1380 00:55:20,520 --> 00:55:22,353 technology has evolved , it is a 1381 00:55:22,353 --> 00:55:24,409 building block . It's a framework in 1382 00:55:24,409 --> 00:55:26,353 partnership with the US government 1383 00:55:26,353 --> 00:55:27,742 about how do we approach 1384 00:55:27,742 --> 00:55:29,950 interoperability so that we can bring 1385 00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:31,793 the best capability to the fight 1386 00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:34,480 wherever that fight may be and whatever 1387 00:55:34,480 --> 00:55:37,590 multiple areas it's occurring . So I 1388 00:55:37,740 --> 00:55:39,962 were basically out of time . I have one 1389 00:55:39,962 --> 00:55:42,710 more question for Admiral Aquilino . So 1390 00:55:42,720 --> 00:55:46,370 it's a one minute um straight at you . 1391 00:55:46,380 --> 00:55:49,230 So we talked about the quad . You 1392 00:55:49,230 --> 00:55:53,170 mentioned the malabar exercises and 1393 00:55:54,040 --> 00:55:56,151 I think we'd all love to know whether 1394 00:55:56,151 --> 00:55:58,850 we're on the way to the quad being 1395 00:55:59,440 --> 00:56:02,970 a partnership that has more of a 1396 00:56:02,970 --> 00:56:05,081 security dimension . I wanna say more 1397 00:56:05,081 --> 00:56:08,560 of a military dimension with Japan with 1398 00:56:08,850 --> 00:56:11,250 India . Obviously with Australia . 1399 00:56:12,190 --> 00:56:14,560 David show that choice is going to be 1400 00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:17,850 up to the individual nations . Those 1401 00:56:17,850 --> 00:56:20,017 are political discussions . What I can 1402 00:56:20,017 --> 00:56:21,739 tell you is the co ordinations 1403 00:56:21,739 --> 00:56:24,250 militarily operate together frequently . 1404 00:56:26,330 --> 00:56:28,163 But again , as we talk about the 1405 00:56:28,163 --> 00:56:30,240 security discussions throughout the 1406 00:56:30,240 --> 00:56:32,420 region , I'd almost like to expand it 1407 00:56:32,420 --> 00:56:34,520 just for a second to global . So you 1408 00:56:34,520 --> 00:56:36,742 know , Laura and I are sitting here and 1409 00:56:36,742 --> 00:56:38,909 we're talking about kind of stovepipes 1410 00:56:38,909 --> 00:56:41,020 that in this security environment , I 1411 00:56:41,020 --> 00:56:43,020 would argue don't exist right . The 1412 00:56:43,020 --> 00:56:45,187 problems we're discussing our global , 1413 00:56:45,187 --> 00:56:47,464 we talked about you said belt and road , 1414 00:56:47,510 --> 00:56:49,640 I say one belt , one road , which was 1415 00:56:49,640 --> 00:56:52,080 the original name it was given , right ? 1416 00:56:52,080 --> 00:56:54,136 And there's a reason it was one belt 1417 00:56:54,136 --> 00:56:56,358 one road and that's because it was good 1418 00:56:56,358 --> 00:56:59,190 for one nation . But the problem is 1419 00:56:59,190 --> 00:57:01,920 global , as my secretary said , the 1420 00:57:01,930 --> 00:57:04,170 indo pacific is the most consequential 1421 00:57:04,170 --> 00:57:07,000 theater for the US and our partners and 1422 00:57:07,000 --> 00:57:10,340 allies future , but it expands . The 1423 00:57:10,350 --> 00:57:13,810 quad is one aspect of that . Uh You 1424 00:57:13,810 --> 00:57:16,600 talked to will about Germany and the Eu 1425 00:57:16,600 --> 00:57:18,700 nations , the United Kingdom just 1426 00:57:18,700 --> 00:57:20,700 deployed the Queen Elizabeth to the 1427 00:57:20,700 --> 00:57:22,700 indo pacific and recognition of the 1428 00:57:22,700 --> 00:57:25,210 importance of the indo pacific globally . 1429 00:57:25,220 --> 00:57:28,850 Two thirds of general of GDP flows 1430 00:57:28,850 --> 00:57:32,100 through the indo pacific to support the 1431 00:57:32,100 --> 00:57:35,870 global set of nations . That's why it's 1432 00:57:35,870 --> 00:57:37,814 important . We talked about France 1433 00:57:37,840 --> 00:57:40,230 France is a great partner France has 1434 00:57:40,230 --> 00:57:43,840 the largest easy in the indo pacific of 1435 00:57:43,850 --> 00:57:46,640 anyone and I've operated with them 1436 00:57:47,830 --> 00:57:50,260 across the globe since I've been doing 1437 00:57:50,260 --> 00:57:52,149 this business and they're a great 1438 00:57:52,149 --> 00:57:54,540 partner . So the expansion of these 1439 00:57:54,540 --> 00:57:56,707 security relationships with allies and 1440 00:57:56,707 --> 00:57:59,040 partners is the key and it's not just 1441 00:57:59,040 --> 00:58:02,510 in the indo pacific . Uh Laura has a 1442 00:58:02,520 --> 00:58:05,250 number of pacific nations with 1443 00:58:05,250 --> 00:58:08,600 coastlines in the pacific that we both 1444 00:58:08,600 --> 00:58:11,660 talked to because the region is 1445 00:58:11,660 --> 00:58:14,260 important for the security , the 1446 00:58:14,260 --> 00:58:17,380 stability and the prosperity globally . 1447 00:58:17,390 --> 00:58:20,790 Thanks so we have to end it there . Um 1448 00:58:20,800 --> 00:58:23,450 It's a perfect note really on which to 1449 00:58:23,450 --> 00:58:25,880 end it . Thank you to all of our panels . 1450 00:58:25,880 --> 00:58:28,340 Thank you audience . Uh and let's